内蒙古典型草原植物功能型对土壤甲烷吸收的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00275

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲烷(CH₄)是仅次于CO₂的重要温室气体。内蒙古草原是欧亚温带草原的重要类型, 具有典型的生态地域代表性。该文以内蒙古温带典型草原为研究对象, 通过人工剔除植物种的方法来确定群落中的植物功能型, 并应用静态箱技术, 观测土壤CH₄的吸收, 以理解植物功能型对土壤CH₄吸收的影响。结果表明: 1)土壤CH₄的吸收受温度和水分变化的影响, 具有明显的季节差异, 且与温度显著相关。2)在2008年和2009年所测的大部分月份中, 植物功能型的土壤CH₄吸收量之间没有显著差异; 然而在植物生长旺季(8月), 不同植物功能型的土壤CH₄吸收量之间存在显著差异, 多年生丛生禾草的土壤CH₄吸收量最小。3)处理中一、二年生植物、多年生杂类草的存在能够增加土壤CH₄的吸收量, 而处理中多年生根茎类禾草、多年生丛生禾草的存在对土壤CH₄吸收的影响不大。这可能是因为, 植物功能型影响土壤的微生物代谢和环境因子, 进而影响土壤CH₄吸收量。该试验说明, 在痕量气体层面上, 植物功能型组成在生态系统功能中具有重要作用, 特别是群落中的亚优势种和伴生种(一、二年生植物、多年生杂类草), 通过调控土壤微生物和环境因子, 对地-气的CH₄交换产生重要影响。

关键词: 甲烷氧化, 草原生态系统, 温室气体, 植物群落, 锡林河流域

Abstract:

Aims Methane (CH₄) is an important atmospheric trace gas contributing to global warming and atmospheric chemistry. Aerated soils are a biological sink for atmospheric CH₄. Our objectives were to quantify CH₄ uptake by soils in typical grasslands of Inner Mongolia and examine the effects of plant functional type on the uptake.
Methods We used static chamber sampling and gas chromatography measurement to examine the effects of four plant functional types (PFTs) ― perennial rhizome forbs (PR), perennial bunchgrass (PB), perennial forb (PF) and annuals and biennials (AB) ― on CH₄ uptake by aerated soils.
Important findings CH₄ uptake by soils showed seasonal change related to soil water content and temperature. Over most of observed periods in 2008 and 2009, there were no significant differences in soil CH₄ uptake rates among the various PFTs. During rapid plant growth in August, however, there were significant differences in the soil CH₄ uptake rates. The soil CH₄ uptake rates were lower with PBs. AB and PF increased the uptake of CH₄ by soils, while PR and PB had little influence. Soil physico-chemical factors such as temperature, water content and gas diffusion affect CH₄uptake. Differences in CH₄ uptake rates by soils may be explained using these environmental factors affected by PFTs. With regard to trace gas, PFT has prominent effects on this ecosystem. Sub-dominant species and companion species (AB and PF), by regulating soil microbe and environmental factors, have important and irreplaceable roles on the uptake of CH₄by soils.

Key words: CH₄ oxidation, grassland ecosystem, greenhouse gas, plant community, Xilin River Basin

刘伟, 王继明, 王智平. 内蒙古典型草原植物功能型对土壤甲烷吸收的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(3): 275-283. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00275

LIU Wei, WANG Ji-Ming, WANG Zhi-Ping. Plant functional type effects on methane uptake by soils in typical grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(3): 275-283. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00275

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图/表 6

表1 植物功能型组合

Table 1 Combination of plant functional types (PFTs)

植物功能型数 Number of PFTs	植物功能型组合 Combination of PFTs
0 1 2 3 4	BL PR, PB, PF, AB PR + PB, PR + PF, PR + AB, PB + PF, PB + AB, PF + AB PR + PB + PF, PR + PB + AB, PR + PF + AB, PB + PF + AB CK (PR + PB + PF + AB)

图1 裸地(BL)和对照(CK)的土壤CH4吸收(A) (平均值±标准误差, n = 3)、降雨量(B)和月平均气温(C)的季节变化。*表示BL与CK的土壤CH4吸收量差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Seasonal variation of soil CH4 uptake of bare land (BL) and control (CK) (A) (mean ± SE, n = 3), precipitation (B), and monthly average air temperature (C). * represents significant differences (p < 0.05) in soil CH4 uptake between BL and CK.

表2 2008年9-11月和2009年5-8月单一植物功能型的土壤CH4吸收的重复测量方差分析

Table 2 Repeated measures ANOVA of soil CH4 uptake affected by plant functional type (PFT) over September- November, 2008 and May-August, 2009

	F	p
植物功能型(PFT) 取样时间(D) 植物功能型×取样时间(PFT × D)	1.38 58.81 1.10	NS ** *

图2 单个植物功能型(PR、PB、PF或AB)的土壤CH4吸收量(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。A, 2008年。B, 2009年。不同字母表示单个植物功能型处理间的土壤CH4吸收量存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。AB, 一、二年生植物; PB, 多年生丛生禾草; PF, 多年生杂类草; PR, 多年生根茎类禾草。

Fig. 2 Soil CH4 uptake of PR, PB, PF, or AB (mean ± SE, n = 3). A, 2008. B, 2009. Different letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05) in soil CH4 uptake between plant functional types. AB, annuals/biennials; PB, perennial bunchgrass; PF, perennial forbs; PR, perennial rhizome forbs.

图3 多个植物功能型的土壤CH4吸收量(平均值±标准误差)。A、B分别为测定的各月中含有2个或3个植物功能型的土壤CH4吸收量。不同字母表示处理间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。AB, 一、二年生植物; PB, 多年生丛生禾草; PF, 多年生杂类草; PR, 多年生根茎类禾草。

Fig. 3 Soil CH4 uptake of two or three plant functional types (PFTs) (mean ± SE, n = 3). (A) and (B) show soil CH4 uptake in two or three PFTs, respectively. Different letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments. AB, annuals/biennials; PB, perennial bunchgrass; PF, perennial forbs; PR, perennial rhizome forbs.

图4 群落中保留/去除植物功能型PR、PB、PF或AB对土壤CH4吸收的影响。A、B、C、D分别为保留/去除PR、PB、PF或AB的土壤CH4吸收量(平均值±标准误差, n = 24)。以PR为例, 保留PR的处理为CK (PR+PB+PF+AB)、PR+PF+AB、PR+PB+AB、PR+PB+PF、PR+AB、PR+PF、PR+PB和PR, 去除PR的处理为PB+PF+AB、PF+AB、PB+AB、PB+PF、AB、PF、PB和BL。对两组处理的CH4吸收量进行比较。*表示保留与去除植物功能型的处理间土壤CH4吸收量存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。AB、BL、CE、PB、PF和PR见表1。

Fig. 4 Effect of plant communities with/without PR, PB, PF, or AB on soil CH4 uptake (mean ± SE, n = 24). A, B, C and D show soil CH4 uptake in the treatments of PR, PB, PF and AB, respectively. For example, plant communities with PR include CK (PR+PB+PF+AB), PR+PF+AB, PR+PB+AB, PR+PB+PF, PR+AB, PR+PF, PR+PB, and PR. While plant communities without PR include PB+PF+AB, PF+AB, PB+AB, PB+PF, AB, PF, PB, and BL. Soil CH4 uptake of two groups were compared. * represents significant differences (p < 0.05) between each other. AB, BL, CK, PB, PF, and PR see Table 1.

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