广西主要森林土壤有机碳空间分布及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0199

植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 282-291.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0199

广西主要森林土壤有机碳空间分布及其影响因素

杜虎^1,², 曾馥平^1,^2,^*(), 宋同清^1,², 温远光³, 李春干^3,⁴, 彭晚霞^1,², 张浩^1,², 曾昭霞^1,²

¹中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125
²中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 广西环江 547100
³广西大学林学院, 南宁 530004
⁴广西林业勘测设计院, 南宁 530004

收稿日期:2015-06-03 接受日期:2015-12-27 出版日期:2016-04-29 发布日期:2016-04-30
通讯作者: 曾馥平
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050205和XDA05070404)和国家自然科学基金(31370485、31370623和31400412)

Spatial pattern of soil organic carbon of the main forest soils and its influencing factors in Guangxi, China

Hu DU^1,², Fu-Ping ZENG^1,^2,^*(), Tong-Qing SONG^1,², Yuan-Guang WEN³, Chun-Gan LI^3,⁴, Wan-Xia PENG^1,², Hao ZHANG^1,², Zhao-Xia ZENG^1,²

¹Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China

²Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China

³Forestry College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

⁴Guangxi Forest Inventory & Planning Institute, Nanning 530004, China

Received:2015-06-03 Accepted:2015-12-27 Online:2016-04-29 Published:2016-04-30
Contact: Fu-Ping ZENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明广西森林土壤有机碳密度分布格局及其主要影响因素, 基于森林资源清查资料和345个调查样地的土壤数据, 估算了广西主要森林土壤有机碳储量, 采用地统计学方法描绘了土壤有机碳密度的空间分布, 并利用主成分分析和逐步回归分析方法分析了影响土壤有机碳密度的主要因子。结果表明: 广西主要森林土壤有机碳储量(0-100 cm)达到1686.88 Tg, 土壤有机碳密度为124.70 Mg·hm^-2, 低于全国森林土壤平均水平。广西主要森林土壤有机碳密度最佳拟合模型为指数模型, 呈中等强度空间相关, Kriging插值显示土壤碳密度高值区在东北区域, 低值区在西北区域, 表现为喀斯特区域低、非喀斯特区域高的特点。广西主要森林土壤碳密度在不同植被类型和土壤类型下表现出一定差异, 其中竹林>落叶阔叶林>暖性针叶林>常绿落叶阔叶林>常绿阔叶林, 黄壤>红壤>赤红壤>石灰土。主成分分析和逐步回归分析结果发现土层深度、经纬度、海拔是影响广西森林土壤有机碳的主要因子, 其中以土层深度影响最大, 主要受岩溶地貌的影响。

关键词: 土壤有机碳, 空间异质性, 影响因子, 森林类型, 广西

Abstract:

Aims
Our objectives were to study the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) density and its influencing factors in the main forest ecosystems in Guangxi.
Methods
A total of 345 sample plots were established in Guangxi, and the size of each plot was 50 m × 20 m. Based on the forest resource inventory data and field investigation, the SOC storage of the main forests in Guangxi was estimated. Geostatistics was applied to analyze the spatial pattern of SOC density and the main influencing factors on SOC density were also explored by principal component analysis and stepwise regression.
Important findings
The total SOC storage in the main forests in Guangxi was 1686.88 Tg, and the mean SOC density was 124.70 Mg·hm^-2, which is lower than that of China. The best fitted semivariogram model of SOC density was exponential model, and the spatial autocorrelation was medium. The contour map based on Kriging indicated that northeastern Guangxi had high SOC density and northwestern Guangxi had low SOC density, which corresponded to high SOC density in non-karst region and low SOC density in karst region. The SOC density followed the sequence of bamboo forest > deciduous broadleaf forest > warm coniferous forest > mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest > evergreen broadleaf forest, and yellow soil > red soil > lateritic red soil > limestone soil. The dominant environment factors affecting SOC density included soil depth, longitude, latitude, and altitude. Soil depth was the most influential factor, which was mainly attributed to the karst landscape.

Key words: soil organic carbon, spatial heterogeneity, influencing factor, forest type, Guangxi

杜虎, 曾馥平, 宋同清, 温远光, 李春干, 彭晚霞, 张浩, 曾昭霞. 广西主要森林土壤有机碳空间分布及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(4): 282-291. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0199

Hu DU, Fu-Ping ZENG, Tong-Qing SONG, Yuan-Guang WEN, Chun-Gan LI, Wan-Xia PENG, Hao ZHANG, Zhao-Xia ZENG. Spatial pattern of soil organic carbon of the main forest soils and its influencing factors in Guangxi, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(4): 282-291. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0199

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I4/282

图/表 12

参考文献 22

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林型(代码) Forest type (Code)	主要树种 Main tree species
松树林 Pine forest (A)	马尾松 Pinus massoniana
杉木林 China fir forest (B)	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata
桉树林 Eucalyptus forest (C)	尾叶桉 Eucalyptus urophylla、大桉 Eucalyptus grandis、巨尾桉 Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla
栎类林 Quercus forest (D)	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca、麻栎 Quercus acutissima、白栎 Quercus fabri、大叶栎 Quercus griffithii
硬阔林 Hardwood forest (E)	格木 Erythrophleum fordii、蚬木 Excentrodendron hsienmu、金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis
软阔林 Softwood forest (F)	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana、喜树 Camptotheca acuminata、木荷 Schima superba、米老排 Mytilaria laosensis、栲树 Castanopsis taiwaniana
石山林 Forest in limestone (G)	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca、肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis、香椿 Toona sinensis、任豆 Zenia insignis、金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis
竹林 Bamboo forest (H)	毛竹 Phyllostachys edulis、麻竹 Dendrocalamus latiflorus
八角林 Anise forest (I)	八角 Illicium verum
油茶林 Oil-tea forest (J)	油茶 Camellia oleifera

林型(代码) Forest type (Code)	主要树种 Main tree species
松树林 Pine forest (A)	马尾松 Pinus massoniana
杉木林 China fir forest (B)	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata
桉树林 Eucalyptus forest (C)	尾叶桉 Eucalyptus urophylla、大桉 Eucalyptus grandis、巨尾桉 Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla
栎类林 Quercus forest (D)	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca、麻栎 Quercus acutissima、白栎 Quercus fabri、大叶栎 Quercus griffithii
硬阔林 Hardwood forest (E)	格木 Erythrophleum fordii、蚬木 Excentrodendron hsienmu、金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis
软阔林 Softwood forest (F)	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana、喜树 Camptotheca acuminata、木荷 Schima superba、米老排 Mytilaria laosensis、栲树 Castanopsis taiwaniana
石山林 Forest in limestone (G)	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca、肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis、香椿 Toona sinensis、任豆 Zenia insignis、金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis
竹林 Bamboo forest (H)	毛竹 Phyllostachys edulis、麻竹 Dendrocalamus latiflorus
八角林 Anise forest (I)	八角 Illicium verum
油茶林 Oil-tea forest (J)	油茶 Camellia oleifera

林型 Forest type	幼龄林 Young forest (I)	中龄林 Middle-aged forest (II)	近熟林 Near-mature forest (III)	成熟林 Mature forest (IV)	过熟林 Over-mature forest (V)
松树林 Pine forest	96.66^bc	78.05^c	115.28^ab	136.52^a	116.10^ab
杉木林 China fir forest	149.24^b	117.50^b	206.62^a	205.13^a	204.73^a
桉树林 Eucalyptus forest	106.06^bc	141.56^ab	164.94^a	111.05^bc	87.19^c
栎类林 Quercus forest	72.26^ab	90.84^ab	84.39^ab	47.91^b	107.99^a
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	250.17^a	236.22^ab	120.55^b	325.94^a	335.27^a
软阔林 Softwood forest	124.29^c	117.33^bc	150.00^bc	294.54^a	178.55^b
石山林 Forest in limestone	56.98^a	67.76^a	51.75^a	71.09^a	81.21^a
竹林 Bamboo forest	138.09^a	187.65^a	—	128.19^a	—
八角林 Anise forest	87.23^b	147.85^a	—	123.96^ab	—
油茶林 Oil-tea forest	85.17^a	103.85^a	—	78.37^a	—

林型 Forest type	幼龄林 Young forest (I)	中龄林 Middle-aged forest (II)	近熟林 Near-mature forest (III)	成熟林 Mature forest (IV)	过熟林 Over-mature forest (V)
松树林 Pine forest	96.66^bc	78.05^c	115.28^ab	136.52^a	116.10^ab
杉木林 China fir forest	149.24^b	117.50^b	206.62^a	205.13^a	204.73^a
桉树林 Eucalyptus forest	106.06^bc	141.56^ab	164.94^a	111.05^bc	87.19^c
栎类林 Quercus forest	72.26^ab	90.84^ab	84.39^ab	47.91^b	107.99^a
硬阔林 Hardwood forest	250.17^a	236.22^ab	120.55^b	325.94^a	335.27^a
软阔林 Softwood forest	124.29^c	117.33^bc	150.00^bc	294.54^a	178.55^b
石山林 Forest in limestone	56.98^a	67.76^a	51.75^a	71.09^a	81.21^a
竹林 Bamboo forest	138.09^a	187.65^a	—	128.19^a	—
八角林 Anise forest	87.23^b	147.85^a	—	123.96^ab	—
油茶林 Oil-tea forest	85.17^a	103.85^a	—	78.37^a	—

环境因子 Environment factor	SOC密度 SOC density	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature	年降水量 Annual precipitation	海拔 Altitude	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	土层深度 Soil depth	pH值 pH value
年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature	-0.301^**
年降水量 Annual precipitation	0.093	-0.034
海拔 Altitude	0.170^**	-0.201^**	-0.245^**
经度 Longitude	0.285^**	-0.452^**	0.340^**	-0.420^**
纬度 Latitude	0.316^**	-0.817^**	-0.195^**	0.426^**	0.142^**
土层深度 Soil depth	0.484^**	0.054	0.292^**	-0.137^*	0.340^**	-0.123^*
pH值 pH value	-0.038	-0.033	-0.050	-0.044	0.015	0.036	-0.148^**
表层土壤SOC含量 SOC content of surface soil	0.373^**	-0.354^**	-0.069	0.207^**	0.078	0.370^**	-0.293^**	0.311^**

广西主要森林土壤有机碳空间分布及其影响因素

Spatial pattern of soil organic carbon of the main forest soils and its influencing factors in Guangxi, China

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环境因子 Environment factor	第一主成分 Principal component 1	第二主成分 Principal component 2	第三主成分 Principal component 3
年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature	-0.927	0.070	-0.167
年降水量 Annual precipitation	-0.035	0.228	0.624
海拔 Altitude	0.402	0.116	-0.780
经度 Longitude	0.393	0.160	0.804
纬度 Latitude	0.910	-0.071	-0.201
土层深度 Soil depth	-0.001	0.893	0.259
pH值 pH value	0.189	-0.896	-0.023
表层土壤SOC含量 SOC content of surface soil	0.517	-0.402	-0.032
方差贡献率 Variance contribution	28.845	23.300	22.270
累计贡献率 Accumulative contribution (%)	28.845	52.146	74.416

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