黄土高原半湿润区刺槐树干液流对人工截留降雨输入及环境因子的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0249

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球气候变化加剧, 局部地区温度上升和降水量改变将对区域植被的分布与生长产生重要影响。在黄土高原半湿润及半干旱地区植被恢复中, 刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)是大面积种植的人工林树种。为探究该树种蒸腾耗水特征对降水量改变及水分条件差异的响应, 于2015年4月起, 在地处黄土高原半湿润区的陕西省永寿县槐平林场, 于35年生刺槐人工林样地中布设了人工截留降雨试验, 减少了47.5%的降雨输入。处理当年生长季内, 截留降雨处理区0-100 cm土层的平均土壤含水量相对于对照区(23.76%)有明显降低(22.59%)。采用Granier热扩散探针对截留降雨处理区和对照区的样树树干液流动态进行连续监测, 并同步监测主要气象环境因子(太阳辐射、空气温度和湿度)和林地土壤含水量, 分析了截留降雨处理区与对照区树干液流通量密度动态特征及其对环境因子的响应。结果表明: 截留降雨输入处理降低了刺槐树干液流通量密度, 截留降雨处理期间典型天气的平均液流通量密度(1.64 mL·m ^-2·s ^-1)不仅低于同组样树在处理前一年同期的水平(2.42 mL·m ^-2·s ^-1), 而且远低于试验期间对照区样树的平均水平(3.38 mL·m ^-2·s ^-1); 同时, 截留降雨处理还降低了刺槐液流通量密度对气象因子变化的敏感性, 截留降雨处理区样树液流通量密度响应空气水汽压亏缺的拟合方程参数值与对照区样树差异显著。分析可知, 降水量水平不仅影响土壤水分状况, 而且影响刺槐对气象环境因子响应的敏感性, 降水量减少导致的土壤含水量整体降低会使得该区域刺槐蒸腾耗水量下降, 显示其对环境因子的适应性, 但最终会导致生产力的大幅度降低。

关键词: 刺槐, Granier热扩散探针, 截留降雨, 树干液流, 蒸腾

Abstract:

Aims Global climate change will increase the uncertainty of precipitation patterns and affect the growth and distribution of plants. In the sub-humid and semi-arid areas of central China, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations are widely planted in reforestation practices. These forests are vulnerable to climate change induced water stress. This research aims to clarify the responses of black locust transpiration to rainfall and soil water conditions.

Methods To evaluate the responses of transpiration to precipitation changes, we measured and contrasted sap flow of black locust trees under throughfall exclusion treatment and the non-treated control in the Huaiping plantation forest of Yongshou County, a sub-humid area in Loess Plateau. Throughfall and soil moisture for both control and treatment plots were monitored. Waterproof panels were set in April 2015 for the treatment plot which excluded about 47.5% of the precipitation during the growing season. Stem sap flow in treatment and control plots have been measured since 2014 using Granier-type sensors. Meteorological factors including solar radiation, air temperature, and relative air humidity were monitored simultaneously outside the forest stand.

Important findings Difference in soil moisture developed between treatment and control plots, the mean soil moisture content in treatment plot was 23.76%, lower than 22.59% (p < 0.001, n = 31) in the control plot during the middle growing season. Sap flux densities reduced following the treatment. The mean sap flux density under general weather conditions for the treatment plot was 1.64 mL·m ^-2·s ^-1, not only lower than 2.42 mL·m ^-2·s ^-1 of the previous year (before treatment), but also lower than 3.38 mL·m ^-2·s ^-1 for control plot during the same period. The response patterns of sap flux density to solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit were also different, with the trees in treatment plot showing lower sensitivities to meteorological factors than those in the control plot. Our results show that transpiration of planted black locust trees was suppressed by the throughfall exclusion. The responses of transpiration to meteorological factors decreased compared with a pretreatment period or control plot. These results suggest that decrease in precipitation will not only reduce soil moisture, but may cause decreased transpiration, decreased responses to climatic variables, and lowered productivity as well.

Key words: Robinia pseudoacacia, Granier-type sensor, rainfall exclusion, sap flow, transpiration

何秋月, 闫美杰, 张建国, 杜盛. 黄土高原半湿润区刺槐树干液流对人工截留降雨输入及环境因子的响应. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(4): 466-474. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0249

Qiu-Yue HE, Mei-Jie YAN, Jian-Guo ZHANG, Sheng DU. Sap flow of Robinia pseudoacacia in response to rainfall exclusion treatment and environment factors in a sub-humid area in Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(4): 466-474. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0249

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0249

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I4/466

图/表 6

表1 供试样树基本信息

Table 1 Basic parameters of sample trees

年份 Year	样树号 Sample tree No.	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	边材厚度 Sap wood thinkness (cm)
2014	1	14.1	13.8	3.6
	2	17.7	19.5	4.6
	3	10.7	10.3	2.9
	4	10.4	10.4	2.9
	5	10.6	10.4	2.9
	6	18.7	20.0	4.7
2015	1	16.5	14.1	3.6
	2	19.9	20.0	4.7
	3	10.7	10.3	2.9
	4	11.3	10.8	3.0
	5	11.3	10.5	2.9
	6	18.8	20.3	4.7

图1 两个试验时段土壤含水量(SWC)及降雨量动态。

Fig. 1 Soil water content (SWC) and precipitation during the two study periods.

图2 两试验时段刺槐样树液流通量密度及气象因子日变化曲线(2015年7月14日为阴天, 未包括)。

Fig. 2 Diurnal courses of sap flux density of sample trees and meteorology factors during two study periods (14 July 2015 was excluded from analyses due to overcast).

表2 两个试验时段太阳辐射、空气水汽压亏缺、液流通量密度及比值(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)

Table 2 Solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit and sap flux densities (Fd) in the two study periods and their ratios (mean ± SE, n = 6)

测定时段 Study period	平均日总太阳辐射 Mean daily solar radiation (MJ·m^-2·d^-1)	平均空气水汽压亏缺 Mean vapor pressure deficit (kPa)	样树1-3平均液流通量密度 Mean sap flux density of sample tree 1-3 (mL·m^-2·s^-1)	样树4-6平均液流通量密度 Mean sap flux density of sample tree 4-6 (mL·m^-2·s^-1)
处理前 Before treatment (2014)	20.62 ± 1.69	0.65 ± 0.03	3.53 ± 2.67	2.42 ± 1.84
处理期 Treatment (2015)	21.96 ± 1.51	0.53 ± 0.0201	3.38 ± 2.93	1.64 ± 1.39
处理期/处理前Treatment/Before treatment	1.07	0.81	0.96	0.68

图3 两试验时段液流通量密度在上升阶段对空气水汽压亏缺的响应特征。

Fig. 3 Response patterns of sap flux density to vapor pressure deficit for the arising stage in the morning.

表3 两试验时段平均液流通量密度与空气水汽压亏缺拟合直线斜率的差异性检验

Table 3 Difference analyses on regression parameters for sap flux density vs. vapor pressure deficit

年份 Year	样树1-3 Sample tree 1-3	样树4-6 Sample tree 4-6	斜率差异检验 Difference between slopes
2014	a = 8.41	a = 6.78	NS
	R² = 0.64	R² = 0.63
	p < 0.000 1	p < 0.000 1
2015	a = 12.33	a = 5.34	p < 0.001
	R² = 0.59	R² = 0.69
	p < 0.000 1	p < 0.000 1

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