1982-2018年青藏高原水分利用效率变化及归因分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0187

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1486-1496.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0187 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2021.0187

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：遥感生态学；生态系统碳水能量通量

• 中国典型生态脆弱区碳水通量过程研究专题论文 • 上一篇下一篇

1982-2018年青藏高原水分利用效率变化及归因分析

郑周涛¹^,^*(), 张扬建¹^,²^,³

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 拉萨高原生态试验站, 北京 100101
²中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101
³中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100190

收稿日期:2021-05-17 接受日期:2021-12-15 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2023-01-13
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41725003);国家自然科学基金(41901131);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA19070303);中国科学院西部青年学者项目(2019)

Variation in ecosystem water use efficiency and its attribution analysis during 1982-2018 in Qingzang Plateau

ZHENG Zhou-Tao¹^,^*(), ZHANG Yang-Jian¹^,²^,³

¹Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2021-05-17 Accepted:2021-12-15 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2023-01-13
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41725003);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901131);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19070303);West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水分利用效率(WUE)是衡量地表生态系统碳水耦合的重要指标。青藏高原是我国重要的生态屏障, 其生态系统对全球变化响应敏感, 开展青藏高原WUE研究有利于深入理解高寒生态系统碳水循环的过程和机制, 对指导植被生态建设具有重要意义。该研究基于GLASS遥感数据、气象数据和植被类型数据, 对1982-2018年期间青藏高原WUE的时空变化格局及其对温度、降水量、太阳辐射、饱和水汽压差、CO₂浓度以及叶面积指数的响应进行了分析, 并进一步揭示了植被类型间的差异。结果表明: (1)青藏高原WUE总体呈现由东南向西北递减的空间分布格局, 多年平均值约为1.64 g C·kg^-1。WUE在不同植被类型间差异明显, 森林最高, 高寒荒漠最低, 高寒草甸高于高寒草原。(2)青藏高原WUE主要呈现增加趋势, 除森林和栽培植被外, 其他植被类型WUE均显著增加, 总初级生产力主导了研究区77.84%面积的WUE变化。(3)叶面积指数和CO₂浓度主导了青藏高原WUE的变化, 且均为正向效应。而饱和水汽压差的升高对高寒草原、高山植被、栽培植被以及高寒荒漠的WUE有抑制作用。

关键词: 水分利用效率, 青藏高原, 影响因子, 叶面积指数, CO₂浓度, 植被类型

Abstract:

Aims Water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial parameter reflecting the coupling of carbon and water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Qingzang Plateau (QP) is the ecological barrier of China and its accommodated ecosystem is extremely sensitive to global change. Revealing the ecosystem WUE pattern and the driving forces is critical for improving our understanding on the process and mechanism of carbon and water cycles in the alpine ecosystem of the QP, which are the basis for vegetation conservation and restoration.

Methods Using the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) data, meteorological data and vegetation type data, the spatio-temporal changes of WUE and their responses to temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), CO₂ concentration and leaf area index (LAI) during 1982-2018 over the QP were analyzed in this study. The trend magnitude and the influencing factors on WUE were further compared among vegetation types.

Important findings (1) The WUE decreases gradually from southeast to northwest on the QP, with an overall annual mean value of 1.64 g C·kg^-1. Evident differences in WUE are observed among vegetation types, with the highest value in forest and the lowest value in alpine desert. In addition, the WUE in alpine meadow is higher than that in alpine steppe. (2) The QP is prevailed by an increasing trend in WUE. Significantly increasing trends are observed in all vegetation types except for forest and cultural vegetation. Meanwhile, the variation of WUE is dominated by ecosystem gross primary productivity over 77.84% of the study area. (3) The WUE variation is mainly regulated by LAI and CO₂ concentration on the QP, and these two factors both cause positive effects on WUE. Increasing VPD inhibits WUE in alpine steppe, alpine vegetation, cultural vegetation and alpine desert.

Key words: water use efficiency, Qingzang Plateau, influencing factor, leaf area index, CO₂ concentration, vegetation type

郑周涛, 张扬建. 1982-2018年青藏高原水分利用效率变化及归因分析. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(12): 1486-1496. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0187

ZHENG Zhou-Tao, ZHANG Yang-Jian. Variation in ecosystem water use efficiency and its attribution analysis during 1982-2018 in Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(12): 1486-1496. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0187

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0187

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I12/1486

图/表 7

图1 青藏高原植被类型空间分布。

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of vegetation types in Qingzang Plateau.

图2 青藏高原总初级生产力(GPP)(A)、蒸散发(ET)(B)和水分利用效率(WUE)(C)多年平均值的空间分布格局。

Fig. 2 Spatial distributions of the annual mean values for gross primary productivity (GPP)(A), evapotranspiration (ET)(B) and water use efficiency (WUE)(C) in Qingzang Plateau.

表1 青藏高原不同植被类型1982-2018年总初级生产力(GPP)、蒸散发(ET)和水分利用效率(WUE)的平均值以及变化趋势

Table 1 Annual mean values and change trends for gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) during 1982-2018 in different vegetation types in Qingzang Plateau

植被类型 Vegetation type	GPP (g C·m^-2)	GPP变化趋势 Trend in GPP (g C·m^-2·a^-1)	ET (mm)	ET变化趋势 Trend in ET (mm·a^-1)	WUE (g C·kg^-1)	WUE变化趋势 Trend in WUE (10^-2 g C·kg^-1·a^-1)
森林 Forest	1 034.34	1.30	385.20	0.17	2.69	0.24
灌丛 Shrubland	585.69	4.27^***	303.49	0.59^***	1.93	1.05^***
高寒草甸 Alpine meadow	328.76	4.45^***	222.48	0.84^***	1.48	1.46^***
高寒草原 Alpine steppe	100.31	1.58^***	121.64	0.69^***	0.82	0.84^***
高山植被 Alpine vegetation	156.39	2.60^***	179.60	0.41^***	0.87	1.26^***
栽培植被 Cultural vegetation	834.41	2.18^***	370.99	0.73^***	2.25	0.16
高寒荒漠 Alpine desert	86.00	1.60^***	130.12	1.36^***	0.66	0.54^***

图3 青藏高原总初级生产力(GPP)(A)、蒸散发(ET)(B)和水分利用效率(WUE)(C)的时间变化。

Fig. 3 Temporal variations in gross primary productivity (GPP) (A), evapotranspiration (ET)(B) and water use efficiency (WUE) (C) in Qingzang Plateau.

图4 青藏高原总初级生产力(GPP)(A)、蒸散发(ET)(B)和水分利用效率(WUE)(C)时间变化趋势以及WUE变化主导因子(D)的空间分布。A-C中子图显示的是显著(p < 0.05)变化区域, 蓝色表示显著增加, 红色表示显著减少。

Fig. 4 Spatial distributions of the temporal trends in gross primary productivity (GPP)(A), evapotranspiration (ET)(B), water use efficiency (WUE)(C), and spatial distribution of the dominant factors controlling WUE change (D) in Qingzang Plateau. Insets in A-C showed the areas with significant (p < 0.05) change trends, with blue and red colors indicating significantly increasing and decreasing trends, respectively.

表2 青藏高原水分利用效率(WUE)变化主导因子的判定标准

Table 2 Criteria for the dominant factors controlling water use efficiency (WUE) change in Qingzang Plateau

WUE变化主导因子 Dominant factors controlling WUE change	判定标准 Criterions
WUE变化主导因子 Dominant factors controlling WUE change	GPP变化趋势 Trend in GPP	ET变化趋势 Trend in ET	WUE变化趋势 Trend in WUE
总初级生产力 GPP	+	+	+
总初级生产力 GPP	-	-	-
蒸散发 ET	+	+	-
蒸散发 ET	-	-	+
总初级生产力和蒸散发 GPP + ET	+	-	+
总初级生产力和蒸散发 GPP + ET	-	+	-

表3 青藏高原不同植被类型中环境因子对水分利用效率的总效应

Table 3 Total effects of environmental factors on the water use efficiency for different vegetation types on Qingzang Plateau

植被类型 Vegetation type	温度 Temperature	降水量 Precipitation	太阳辐射 Solar radiation	饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration	叶面积指数 Leaf area index
所有植被 All vegetation	0.20	0.23	0.30	-0.24	0.55	0.72
森林 Forest	-	-0.54	-	-	-	0.59
灌丛 Shrubland	-	0.26	-	-	0.50	0.76
高寒草甸 Alpine meadow	0.16	0.09	0.25	-	0.81	0.74
高寒草原 Alpine steppe	-	0.16	0.13	-0.25	0.75	0.62
高山植被 Alpine vegetation	0.22	0.33	0.47	-0.23	0.71	0.79
栽培植被 Cultural vegetation	-	-0.43	-	-0.55	0.50	0.60
高寒荒漠 Alpine desert	-	-0.23	0.21	-0.15	1.03	0.80

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1982-2018年青藏高原水分利用效率变化及归因分析

Variation in ecosystem water use efficiency and its attribution analysis during 1982-2018 in Qingzang Plateau

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