中国干旱半干旱区土壤CO2与CH4通量的耦联解耦及其对温度的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0390

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1497-1507.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0390

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生态系统碳水能量通量；土壤呼吸

• 中国典型生态脆弱区碳水通量过程研究专题论文 • 上一篇下一篇

中国干旱半干旱区土壤CO₂与CH₄通量的耦联解耦及其对温度的响应

杨萌(), 于贵瑞()

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 中国生态系统研究网络综合研究中心, 北京 100101
中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-11-01 接受日期:2022-03-11 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2023-01-13
作者简介:第一联系人：
*同等贡献 (Yang M, yangmeng@igsnrr.ac.cn; Yu GR, yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31800406);国家自然科学基金(41991234)

Coupling-decoupling of soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes and their responses to temperature in arid and semi-arid regions of China

YANG Meng(), YU Gui-Rui()

Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-11-01 Accepted:2022-03-11 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2023-01-13
About author:First author contact:
*Contributed equally to this work (Yang M, yangmeng@igsnrr.ac.cn; Yu GR, yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800406);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991234)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱半干旱区是一类典型的生态脆弱区, 同时又对全球变暖具有重要影响。其土壤以氧化型土壤为主, 被认为是重要的CH₄汇, 然而研究发现随着土壤吸收CH₄速率的升高, 排放CO₂的速率也升高。为验证该消长现象是否广泛存在以及是否发生于特定环境条件下, 该研究基于中国干旱半干旱地区的土壤温室气体通量与相关环境数据整合, 首次开展了多站点的土壤CO₂与土壤CH₄通量季节变化耦联与日变化耦联分析。结果显示, 土壤CO₂与土壤CH₄通量间存在协同(正相关)、消长(负相关)及随机(不相关) 3种模式, 其中随机变化的比例更高, 季节尺度与日尺度上分别占比83%与54%。相对于水分和植被状况, 温度与通量间相关性的关系更强, 呈现为随气温升高通量间相关性下降的二次函数关系。季节尺度上, 采样期间平均气温对通量间相关关系的判别准确率为92%, 通量间耦联解耦的气温阈值为12.5 ℃; 日尺度上, 日气温差对通量间相关关系的判别准确率为79%, 通量间耦联解耦的温度阈值为15.2 ℃。此外, 日尺度上土壤为吸收CH₄状态时, 土壤CH₄与土壤CO₂通量之间并非呈现为负相关关系, 而更多呈现为正相关关系, 这一现象难以仅用温度进行解释, 我们推测土壤呼吸和CH₄氧化在竞争O₂过程中形成了不对等的耦联关系, 即土壤呼吸可通过消耗O₂抑制CH₄氧化, 从而出现土壤CO₂排放增加而CH₄吸收降低的现象。该研究表明, 土壤CO₂和CH₄通量间可能存在温度调控嵌套O₂竞争调控的耦联解耦机制, 气候变暖可能导致两种通量在更广的空间上以及更长的时间上发生解耦, 增加区域碳循环的复杂性以及碳通量评估的不确定性。

关键词: 耦联解耦, 土壤CO₂通量, 土壤CH₄通量, 温度, 干旱半干旱区

Abstract:

Aims Arid and semi-arid regions are typical ecologically fragile areas, and they also have an important impact on global warming. Those regions are considered to be important CH₄ sinks since most soils are under aerobic conditions. Studies have found that along with the increase of CH₄ uptake velocity, the rate of CO₂ emissions also has increased. This study was carried out to examine whether there is an offset phenomenon and under what environmental conditions it occurs.

Methods Based on the integration of soil greenhouse gas fluxes and relevant environmental data in arid and semi-arid regions of China, correlations between soil CO₂ and soil CH₄ fluxes, on seasonal and daily scales, were analyzed.

Important findings The results showed that there were three levels of soil CO₂ and soil CH₄ flux, i.e., synergy (positively correlated), offset (negatively correlated), and random (not correlated). Among which, the proportion of random relationships was the highest, on seasonal and daily scales 83% and 54%, respectively. Compared to water content and vegetation conditions, air temperature correlated with the correlations between the two fluxes more strongly, showing a quadratic relationship (the absolute values of correlation coefficients between fluxes decreased with increasing temperature). On a seasonal scale, the mean air temperature during the sampling period determined the correlations between the fluxes with an accuracy of 92%, and the air temperature threshold of flux coupling-decoupling was 12.5 °C. On the daily scale, the diurnal air temperature difference determined fluxes relationships with an accuracy of 79% and the temperature threshold of flux coupling-decoupling was 15.2 °C. In addition, when the soil was in the state of absorbing CH₄ on a daily scale, the relationship between soil CH₄fluxand soil CO₂flux was positive in more cases. This phenomenon was difficult to explain by temperature alone. We speculate that a one-way coupling relationship between soil respiration and CH₄ oxidation formed through O₂ competition, that is, soil respiration would inhibit the CH₄ oxidation by consuming O₂, resulting in an increase in soil CO₂ emissions and a decrease in CH₄ absorption. The study suggests that coupling-decoupling of soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes might be driven by a mechanism of temperature regulation linked with oxygen competition regulation. Climate warming may cause decoupling of the two fluxes across space and time and increase the complexity of carbon cycles, thereby increasing the uncertainty of regional carbon flux estimations.

Key words: coupling-decoupling, soil CO₂ flux, soil CH₄ flux, temperature, arid and semi-arid region

杨萌, 于贵瑞. 中国干旱半干旱区土壤CO₂与CH₄通量的耦联解耦及其对温度的响应. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(12): 1497-1507. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0390

YANG Meng, YU Gui-Rui. Coupling-decoupling of soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes and their responses to temperature in arid and semi-arid regions of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(12): 1497-1507. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0390

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图/表 8

图1 中国干旱半干旱区土壤CO2、CH4通量及其比值。箱须图中箱体下边界和上边界分别表示第一四分位数(Q1)和第三四分位数(Q3), 箱体中的横线为中值; 须的两端为Q1 - 1.5IQR(四分位数差)和Q3 + 1.5IQR; 点为离群值。

Fig. 1 Soil CO2 flux, CH4 flux and their ratio of arid and semi-arid region in China. Boxplots show 25th (Q1) and 75th (Q3) percentiles, and the horizontal lines within the boxes are the median; the whiskers are Q1 - 1.5IQR (interquartile range) and Q3 + 1.5IQR; dotes are outlier values.

图2 中国干旱半干旱地区土壤CO2通量与土壤CH4通量间3种相关关系的比例。A, B, 季节尺度通量间相关性。C, D, 日尺度通量间相关性。A和C的内圈表示土壤吸收和排放CH4的样本占总样本量的比例; B和D的内圈表示各生态系统类型的样本占总样本量的比例; 外圈均为土壤CO2通量与CH4通量不同相关关系的样本占总样本量的比例; 同一扇形区的内圈和外圈为对应关系。

Fig. 2 Proportions of the three correlations between soil CO2 and CH4 flux of arid and semi-arid regions in China. A, B, Flux correlations on seasonal scale. C, D, Flux correlations on daily scale. Inner slices of A and C denote the proportions of CH4 emission and CH4 absorption in the total sample size; inner slices of B and D denote the proportions of samples from different ecosystem types in the total sample size; outer slices denote the proportions of samples with different correlations between soil CO2 and CH4 flux in the total sample size; the inner slices correspond to the outer slices of the same sector.

图3 季节尺度上土壤CO2通量与土壤CH4通量间相关性与气温、水分及归一化植被指数(NDVI)的关系(平均值±标准误)。MAP, 年降水量; MAT, 年平均气温; MSP, 采样期平均降水速率; MST, 采样期平均气温。

Fig. 3 Relationships between air temperature, moisture, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and correlations between soil CO2 and CH4 flux on seasonal scale (mean ± SE). MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; MSP, mean seasonal precipitation; MST, mean seasonal air temperature.

图4 季节尺度上采样期平均气温(MST)对通量间相关性的决策表现。A、B、C分别为MST < 12.5 ℃时, 土壤CO2通量及土壤CH4通量同时与气温显著相关的样点数量与不显著相关样点数量的比例、土壤CO2通量与气温显著相关样点数量与不相关样点数量的比例、土壤CH4通量与气温显著相关样点数量与不显著相关样点数量的比例。D、E、F分别为MST ≥ 12.5 ℃时的3种比例。百分数表示当前结点的样本量占总样本量的比例; 3个小数从左至右分别代表划分至当前结点中实际为负相关、不相关、正相关关系的样本比例。

Fig. 4 Performance of using mean air temperature of sampling season (MST) to determine correlations between the two types of fluxes. A, B, and C are when MST was lower than 12.5 °C, the proportion of soil CO2 and CH4 flux simultaneously significantly correlated with air temperature, the proportion of soil CO2 significantly correlated with air temperature, and the proportion of soil CH4 flux significantly correlated with air temperature, respectively. D, E, and F are the three types of proportions when MST was not lower than 12.5 °C. Percentages are the proportion of the current node sample size to the total sample size. Three decimals from left to right are the sample proportions of actual negative correlation, unsignificant correlation and positive correlation which were divided into that node.

图5 日尺度上土壤CO2通量与土壤CH4通量间相关性与气温和水分的关系(平均值±标准误)。DTD, 日气温差; MDP, 采样日平均降水速率; MDT, 采样日平均气温。

Fig. 5 Relationships between air temperature, moisture and correlations between soil CO2 and CH4 flux on daily scale (mean ± SE). DTD, daily air temperature difference of the observing day; MDP, mean precipitation of the observing day; MDT, mean air temperature of the observing day.

图6 日尺度上日气温差(DTD)对通量间相关性的决策表现。百分数表示当前节点样本量占总样本量的比例; 3个小数从左至右分别代表划分至当前节点中实际为负相关、不相关、正相关关系的样本比例。

Fig. 6 Performance of using diurnal air temperature difference (DTD) to determine correlations between the two types of fluxes. Percentages are the proportion of the current node sample size to the total sample size. Three decimals from left to right are the sample proportions of actual negative correlation, unsignificant correlation and positive correlation which were divided into that node.

图7 温度调控的土壤CO2和CH4通量耦联解耦机制。

Fig. 7 A temperature-regulated soil CO2 and CH4 flux coupling-decoupling mechanisms.

图8 日尺度CO2通量与CH4通量相关性假设。

Fig. 8 Hypothesis of correlation between soil CO2 flux and CH4 flux on daily scale.

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中国干旱半干旱区土壤CO₂与CH₄通量的耦联解耦及其对温度的响应

Coupling-decoupling of soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes and their responses to temperature in arid and semi-arid regions of China

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