不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比环境下木荷幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0379

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 624-637.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0379 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0379

不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比环境下木荷幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性

闫小莉¹, 刘贵梅¹, 李小玉¹, 江宇翔¹, 全小强¹, 王燕茹¹, 曲鲁平², 汤行昊¹^,³^,^*()

¹福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002
²福建农林大学菌草与生态学院, 福州 350002
³福建省林业科学研究院, 福州 350012

收稿日期:2024-10-23 接受日期:2024-12-09 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-18
通讯作者: * (txh060404009@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32171773);国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2200102-4);福建省林业科研项目(2023FKJ20)

Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under different level of nitrogen addition and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio

YAN Xiao-Li¹, LIU Gui-Mei¹, LI Xiao-Yu¹, JIANG Yu-Xiang¹, QUAN Xiao-Qiang¹, WANG Yan-Ru¹, QU Lu-Ping², TANG Xing-Hao¹^,³^,^*()

¹College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
²College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
³Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou 350012, China

Received:2024-10-23 Accepted:2024-12-09 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-18
Contact: * (txh060404009@163.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171773);National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2200102-4);Forestry Research Project of Fujian Province(2023FKJ20)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤氮(N)变化加剧的背景下研究不同N添加水平和铵硝态N配比的栽培环境对亚热带主要树种木荷(Schima superba)幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响和生长差异, 可明确木荷幼苗光合生理及其生长对不同N养分环境的短期响应机制。该研究以一年生木荷实生苗为对象, 设置低N、中N、高N (0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L^-1) 3个N添加水平, 10:0、8:2、6:4、5:5、4:6、2:8、0:10 7个铵硝态N配比的21个实验处理组, 盆栽砂培营养液处理180天后测定其光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量、生物量和根冠比。结果表明: (1)在高N和中N水平下, 木荷幼苗净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、叶绿素总量(叶绿素a + b)、地上生物量和总生物量均是铵硝态N配比为4:6时最高, 而低N水平下为10:0配比时最高; 地下生物量在高N水平下为4:6配比最高, 中N和低N水平下则均为6:4配比最高, 而根冠比在高N和中N水平下均是10:0配比最高, 低N水平下则是6:4配比最高。(2)木荷幼苗的P_n、G_s、T_r、叶绿素总量、地上生物量和总生物量除10:0配比外, 其余6个配比下均为高N添加水平最高; 水分利用效率、地下生物量、根冠比则整体表现为低N水平最高。(3)木荷幼苗叶片的荧光强度在高N水平下更强, 在低N水平的4:6配比下显著较其他配比处理下降, 中N水平下0:10配比的OJIP曲线偏离程度最大。低N水平下10:0、0:10、8:2、2:8配比的J-I段, 中N水平下0:10、8:2、2:8、4:6配比的O-J和J-I段, 高N水平下0:10、2:8、6:4配比的J-I段和0:10、4:6配比的I-P段的荧光值均有所升高。3个N水平下OJIP曲线偏离程度差异不明显且均未对最大荧光产生影响, 表明本研究模拟的低N添加水平(即N胁迫)和铵硝态N高度非均衡分配(10:0和0:10)的栽培环境对木荷幼苗生长未造成胁迫。整体上, 适量的N添加和适宜的铵硝态N配比的栽培环境能优化木荷幼苗光系统II反应中心的能量利用, 可有效提高木荷幼苗光合能力并促进地上部分生长和生物量积累。在低N添加下木荷通过增强根系的生长来获取更多的营养物质供其生长发育所需, 但光合能力较弱且总生物量积累少。

关键词: 氮添加, 铵硝态氮配比, 光合特性, 叶绿素荧光, 木荷

Abstract:

Aims This study aims to investigate the effects of varying nitrogen (N) addition levels and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratios on the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Schima superba, a dominant subtropical tree species. The objective is to clarify the short-term response mechanisms of photosynthesis physiology and growth of S. superba to different N nutrient environments.

Methods One-year-old seedlings of S. superba were rooted in sand potted sand culture nutrient solution with three N addition levels: 0.5 (low N), 1.0 (medium N), and 2.0 (high N) mmol·L^-1, and seven NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratios: 10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 2:8, 0:10. After 180 d of treatment, the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, biomass, and root-shoot ratio of S. superba seedlings were determined.

Important findings (1) Across the 21 experimental treatments with varying N addition levels and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratios, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), chlorophyll (a + b) content, aboveground biomass, and total biomass of S. superba seedlings were highest at the 4:6 ratio under high and medium N addition levels. However, these traits were highest at the 10:0 ratio under the low N addition level. The underground biomass peaked at the 4:6 ratio under high N addition, and at the 6:4 ratio under medium and low N addition levels. The root-shoot ratio was highest at the 10:0 ratio under high and medium N addition levels and at 6:4 ratio under low N addition. (2) The P_n, G_s, T_r, chlorophyll (a + b) content, aboveground biomass, and total biomass of S. superba seedlings were the highest under the high N addition level across all ratios except 10:0. The water use efficiency, underground biomass, and root-shoot ratio were highest under the low N addition level. (3) The chlorophyll fluorescence intensity was more pronounced under the high N addition level and significantly decreased at 4:6 ratio compared to other ratios under low N addition. The deviation of the OJIP curve was greatest at 0:10 ratio under medium N addition level. The fluorescence values in the J-I segment at ratios of 10:0, 0:10, 8:2, 2:8 under low N addition level, the O-J and J-I segments at ratios of 0:10, 8:2, 2:8, 4:6 under medium N addition, the J-I segment at ratios of 0:10, 2:8, 6:4, and the I-P segment at ratios of 0:10 and 4:6 were increased under high N addition. There was no significant difference in the deviation of the OJIP curve across three N addition levels, indicating that low N addition (N stress) and highly unbalanced ammonium to nitrate N ratios (10:0 and 0:10) did not stress the growth of S. superba seedlings. Overall, the energy utilization of the PSII reaction center could be optimized, photosynthetic capacity effectively improved, and aboveground growth and biomass accumulation promoted in S. superba seedlings under appropriate N addition levels and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratios. Under low N addition, the S. superba enhanced underground root growth to obtain more nutrients for development, although the photosynthetic capacity was weaker and the biomass accumulation was lower.

Key words: nitrogen addition, NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, Schima superba

闫小莉, 刘贵梅, 李小玉, 江宇翔, 全小强, 王燕茹, 曲鲁平, 汤行昊. 不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比环境下木荷幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(4): 624-637. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0379

YAN Xiao-Li, LIU Gui-Mei, LI Xiao-Yu, JIANG Yu-Xiang, QUAN Xiao-Qiang, WANG Yan-Ru, QU Lu-Ping, TANG Xing-Hao. Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under different level of nitrogen addition and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(4): 624-637. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0379

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I4/624

图/表 6

表1 OJIP曲线分析所使用的公式和术语

Table 1 Formulas and terms used in OJIP curve analysis

参数和公式 Parameter and formula	生物学意义 Biological meaning
ABS/CS_m = F_m	单位面积吸收的光能 Light energy absorbed per unit area
TR_o/CS_m = φP_o (ABS/CS_m)	单位面积捕获的光能 Light energy captured per unit area
ET_o/CS_m = φE_o (ABS/CS_m)	单位面积电子传递的量子产额 Quantum yield of electron transport per unit area
DI_o/CS_m = (ABS/CS_m) - (TR_o/CS_m)	单位面积的热耗散 Heat dissipation per unit area
ABS/RC = M_o × (1/V_j) × (1/φP_o)	单位反应中心吸收的光能 Unit of light energy absorbed by the reaction center
TR_o/RC = M_o × (1/V_j)	单位反应中心捕获的用于初级电子受体(Q_A)的能量 Unit of energy captured by the reaction center for primary electron acceptor (Q_A)
ET_o/RC = M_o × (1/V_j) × ψ_o	单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量 A unit of energy captured by a reaction center for electron transport
DI_o/RC = ABS/RC - TR_o/RC	单位反应中心耗散掉的能量 Unit of energy dissipated from the reaction center
PI_abs = (RC/ABS)[φP_o/(1 − φP_o)][ψ_o/(1 − ψ_o)]	以吸收光能为基础的性能指数 Performance index based on absorption of light energy

图1 不同氮添加水平(x)和铵硝态氮配比(y)下木荷幼苗的光合特征参数差异分析(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。LN、MN、HN, 氮添加水平分别为0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L-1。**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 1 Photosynthetic characteristics parameters of Schima superba seedlings under different nitrogen addition levels (x) and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (y) (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between varying nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (p < 0.05). LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图2 不同氮添加水平(x)和铵硝态氮配比(y)下木荷幼苗的叶绿素含量差异分析(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。LN、MN、HN, 氮添加水平分别为0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L-1。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Chlorophyll (Chl) content of Schima superba seedlings under varying nitrogen addition levels (x) and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (y) (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (p < 0.05). LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图3 不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比下木荷幼苗的叶绿素荧光动力学曲线。LN、MN、HN, 氮添加水平分别为0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L-1。Vt, 相对可变荧光; ΔVt, 相对可变荧光的差异。

Fig. 3 Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic curves of Schima superba seedlings under varying nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios. LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. Vt, relatively variable fluorescence; ΔVt, differences in relative variable fluorescence.

图4 不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比下木荷幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数比较雷达图。LN、MN、HN, 氮添加水平分别为0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L-1。荧光参数同表1。

Fig. 4 Comparative radar map of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under varying nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios. LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. Parameters see Table 1.

图5 不同氮添加水平(x)和铵硝态氮配比(y)下木荷幼苗生物量的差异(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。LN、MN、HN, 氮添加水平分别为0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L-1。**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p > 0.05。

Fig. 5 Biomass of Schima superba seedlings under varying nitrogen addition levels (x) and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (y) (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratio (p < 0.05). LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p > 0.05.

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不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比环境下木荷幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性

Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under different level of nitrogen addition and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio

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不同氮添加水平和铵硝态氮配比环境下木荷幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性

Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under different level of nitrogen addition and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratio

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Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under different level of nitrogen addition and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio