西藏札达典型荒漠植被类型及群落特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0015

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 801-812.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0015

• 数据论文 • 上一篇

西藏札达典型荒漠植被类型及群落特征

王世松¹^,², 曲孝云²^,³, 董劭琼²^,³, 李佳鸿²^,³, 杨琦²^,³, 侯满福⁴, 赵利清⁵, 郭柯²^,³, 刘长成²^,^*()(), 胥晓¹^,^*()

¹西华师范大学生命科学学院, 四川南充 637000
²中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
⁴广西师范大学环境与资源学院, 广西桂林 541004
⁵内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 呼和浩特 010021

收稿日期:2025-01-08 接受日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-03-21
通讯作者: *刘长成(liuchangcheng@ibcas.ac.cn);
胥晓(xuxiao_cwnu@163.com)
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0301);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19050402)

Typical desert vegetation types and community characteristics in Zanda, Xizang, China

WANG Shi-Song¹^,², QU Xiao-Yun²^,³, DONG Shao-Qiong²^,³, LI Jia-Hong²^,³, YANG Qi²^,³, HOU Man-Fu⁴, ZHAO Li-Qing⁵, GUO Ke²^,³, LIU Chang-Cheng²^,^*()(), XU Xiao¹^,^*()

¹College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
²Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁴College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
⁵School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China

Received:2025-01-08 Accepted:2025-03-21 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-03-21
Supported by:
Second Comprehensive Scientific Investigation and Research on the Tibetan Plateau(2019QZKK0301);“Strategic Priority Research Program” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19050402)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西藏阿里西部札达县的象泉河河谷是青藏高原山地荒漠的主要分布区之一, 但关于该地区的荒漠植被资料较为缺乏。为摸清该地区荒漠植被的本底, 该研究基于2018-2023年在札达野外调查得到的42个荒漠样地, 对札达荒漠植被进行分类和群落特征分析。结果发现: 札达共计8种荒漠群系, 包括温性灌木荒漠2种: 变色锦鸡儿(Caragana versicolor)荒漠、中麻黄(Ephedra intermedia)荒漠; 温性半灌木与草本荒漠6种: 灌木亚菊(Ajania fruticulosa)荒漠、山岭麻黄(Ephedra gerardiana)荒漠、驼绒藜(Krascheninnikovia ceratoides)荒漠、心叶驼绒藜(Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana)荒漠、雀苣(Lactuca orientalis)荒漠和西藏绢蒿(Seriphidium thomsonianum)荒漠, 其中变色锦鸡儿荒漠、山岭麻黄荒漠、心叶驼绒藜荒漠、雀苣荒漠和西藏绢蒿荒漠为新记录的荒漠类型。该地区的荒漠植被中共记录到维管植物82种, 隶属于20科51属。其中, 生活型以地面芽植物或多年生杂类草为主; 水分生态类型以超旱生、典型旱生植物居多, 包括所有荒漠植被的建群种和大部分伴生种, 如灌木亚菊、中麻黄、驼绒藜、雀苣、心叶驼绒藜、燥原荠(Stevenia canescens)、盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)等; 区系地理成分以中亚-亚洲中部成分为多, 其次为青藏高原和东古北极成分。研究结果为了解该区域荒漠植被资源现状及其分布特征和开展区域生物多样性保护等相关研究提供基础数据和资料。

关键词: 青藏高原, 山地荒漠, 温性灌木荒漠, 温性半灌木与草本荒漠, 水分生态类型

Abstract:

The Xiangquan River valley of Zanda in the western Ngari Prefecture is one of the main distribution areas of the mountainous desert on the Qingzang Plateau, but there is a lack of data on the background of desert vegetation in this area. Based on the field survey of 42 desert plots in Zanda County, Nagri, Xizang from 2018-2023, this study analyzed the classification and community characteristics of desert vegetation in the Xiangquan River basin. The results showed that there were 8 desert alliances in Zanda County, Xizang, including two temperate shrub deserts: Caragana versicolor desert and Ephedra intermedia desert, and six temperate semi-shrub and herbaceous deserts, Ajania fruticulosa desert, Ephedra gerardiana desert, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert, Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana desert, Lactuca orientalis desert and Seriphidium thomsonianum desert. Notably, five desert alliances (C. versicolor, E. gerardiana, K. eversmanniana, L. orientalis, and S. thomsonianum deserts) are newly recorded desert types. A total of 82 species of vascular plants belonging to 51 genera and 20 families were recorded. Among them, the life forms were mainly hemicryptophytes and perennial forbs. The water ecological type were mostly hyperxerophytic and typical xerophytes, including most of the edificators and companions of desert vegetation, such as Ajania fruticulosa, Ephedra intermedia, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, Lactuca orientalis, and Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana. The Central Asia-Middle Asia component is the most important component of the geographical floristic type, followed by the Qingzang Plateau and the Eastern Paleoarctic. This study provides basic data and information for understanding the status and distribution of desert vegetation resources in this region, and for classifying the desert vegetation types in the Qingzang Plateau for better regional biodiversity conservation.

Key words: Qingzang Plateau, montane desert, temperate shrub desert, temperate semi-shrub and herb desert, ecological type for water

王世松, 曲孝云, 董劭琼, 李佳鸿, 杨琦, 侯满福, 赵利清, 郭柯, 刘长成, 胥晓. 西藏札达典型荒漠植被类型及群落特征. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(5): 801-812. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0015

WANG Shi-Song, QU Xiao-Yun, DONG Shao-Qiong, LI Jia-Hong, YANG Qi, HOU Man-Fu, ZHAO Li-Qing, GUO Ke, LIU Chang-Cheng, XU Xiao. Typical desert vegetation types and community characteristics in Zanda, Xizang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(5): 801-812. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0015

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0015

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I5/801

图/表 11

表1 札达荒漠样地基本信息

Table 1 The basic information of desert plots in Zanda

植被亚型 Vegetation Formation	群系 Alliance	样地 Plot	经度 Longitude (° E)	纬度 Latitude (° N)	海拔 Altitude (m)
温性灌木荒漠 Temperate Shrub Desert	变色锦鸡儿荒漠 Caragana versicolor Desert	S1	79.08	32.16	4 747
		S2	79.22	31.80	4 610
		S3	79.10	31.88	4 674
		S4	79.52	31.29	4 673
		S5	79.55	31.30	4 497
	中麻黄荒漠 Ephedra intermedia Desert	S6	79.75	31.55	3 755
		S7	79.39	31.78	4 232
		S8	78.76	31.80	3 236
		S9	78.79	31.80	3 124
		S10	79.66	31.49	3 611
温性半灌木与草本荒漠 Temperate Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert	灌木亚菊荒漠 Ajania fruticulosa Desert	S11	79.73	31.45	3 750
		S12	79.74	31.45	3 795
		S13	79.84	31.56	4 102
		S14	79.77	31.73	4 356
		S15	79.74	31.71	4 207
		S16	79.79	31.47	3 720
		S17	78.95	31.78	3 481
		S18	79.76	31.47	3 692
	山岭麻黄荒漠 Ephedra gerardiana Desert	S19	79.39	31.78	4 221
	驼绒藜荒漠 Krascheninnikovia ceratoides Desert	S20	79.12	31.86	4 658
		S21	80.00	31.17	4 488
		S22	79.75	31.59	3 779
		S23	79.76	31.41	3 950
		S24	79.19	31.79	4 605
		S25	79.20	31.99	4 541
		S26	78.97	31.80	4 383
		S27	79.75	31.47	3 681
		S28	79.84	31.33	4 081
		S29	80.03	31.15	4 481
		S30	80.07	31.17	4 087
	心叶驼绒藜荒漠 Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana Desert	S31	78.76	31.80	3 200
	心叶驼绒藜荒漠 Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana Desert	S32	78.92	31.79	3 210
	雀苣荒漠 Lactuca orientalis Desert	S33	78.76	31.80	3 201
	西藏绢蒿荒漠 Seriphidium thomsonianum Desert	S34	78.73	31.81	3 632
		S35	78.76	31.81	3 278
		S36	78.78	31.80	3 184
		S37	78.80	31.80	3 000
		S38	78.74	31.81	3 503
		S39	78.80	31.78	3 222
		S40	78.80	31.79	3 062
		S41	78.92	31.79	3 211
		S42	78.95	31.78	3 456

图1 札达荒漠植物生长型(A)、生活型谱(B)、水分生态类型(C)和区系地理成分(D)。A: AH, 一、二年生草本; PBG, 多年生丛生禾草; PH, 多年生杂类草; PRG, 多年生根茎禾草; S&SS, 灌木和半灌木。B: Ch, 地上芽植物; Cr, 隐芽植物; H, 地面芽植物; P, 高位芽植物; T, 一年生植物。C: MP, 典型中生; MX, 中旱生; SX, 超旱生; TX, 典型旱生; XM, 旱中生。D: CA-MA, 中亚-亚洲中部; EA, 东亚; EPA, 东古北极; HA, 泛北极; MA, 亚洲中部; MWCA, 地中海、西亚至中亚; PA, 古北极; PanT, 泛温带; Te, 古地中海; TP, 青藏高原; Ws, 世界。

Fig. 1 Growth forms (A), life form spectrum (B), ecological type for water (C) and geographical floristic element (D) of the desert plants in Zanda. A: AH, annual and biennial herb; PBG, perennial tussock grass; PH, perennial forb; PRG, perennial rhizome grass; S&SS, shrub and semi-shrub. B: Ch, chamaephyte; Cr, cryptophyte; H, hemicryptophyte; P, phanerophyte; T, therophyte. C: MP, mesophyte; MX, meso-xerophyte; SX, super-xerophyte; TX, typical xerophytic; XM, xero-mesophytes. D: CA-MA, central Asia-Middle Asia; EA, East Asia; EPA, East Palearctic; HA, Holarctic; MA, Middle Asia; MWCA, Mediterranea & West to Central Asia; PA, Palearctic; PanT, Pan-temperate; Te, Tethys; TP, Qingzang Plateau; Ws, Widespread.

表2 札达荒漠植被类型及群丛数量

Table 2 Desert vegetation types and the number of Association in Zanda

植被亚型 Vegetation Formation	群系 Alliance	群丛数 Number of Association
温性灌木荒漠 Temperate Shrub Desert	变色锦鸡儿荒漠 Caragana versicolor Desert	3
温性灌木荒漠 Temperate Shrub Desert	中麻黄荒漠 Ephedra intermedia Desert	3
温性半灌木与草本荒漠 Temperate Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert	灌木亚菊荒漠 Ajania fruticulosa Desert	4
	山岭麻黄荒漠 Ephedra gerardiana Desert	1
	驼绒藜荒漠 Krascheninnikovia ceratoides Desert	7
	心叶驼绒藜荒漠 Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana Desert	2
	雀苣荒漠 Lactuca orientalis Desert	1
	西藏绢蒿荒漠 Seriphidium thomsonianum Desert	4

图2 变色锦鸡儿荒漠(左, 札达两侧高山带; 右, 噶尔河谷)。

Fig. 2 Caragana versicolor Desert (Left, the alpine belt on both sides of Zanda; Right, the Gar River valley).

图3 中麻黄荒漠。

Fig. 3 Ephedra intermedia Desert.

图4 灌木亚菊荒漠。

Fig. 4 Ajania fruticulosa Desert.

图5 山岭麻黄荒漠。

Fig. 5 Ephedra gerardiana Desert.

图6 驼绒藜荒漠。

Fig. 6 Krascheninnikovia ceratoides Desert.

图7 心叶驼绒藜荒漠。

Fig. 7 Krascheninnikovia eversmanniana Desert.

图8 雀苣荒漠。

Fig. 8 Lactuca orientalis Desert.

图9 西藏绢蒿荒漠。

Fig. 9 Seriphidium thomsonianum Desert.

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西藏札达典型荒漠植被类型及群落特征

Typical desert vegetation types and community characteristics in Zanda, Xizang, China

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