外生菌根真菌对青藏高原东缘岷江冷杉和糙皮桦氮获取的贡献及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0252

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 731-741.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0252 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0252

外生菌根真菌对青藏高原东缘岷江冷杉和糙皮桦氮获取的贡献及其影响因素

陈淼¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 陈健¹^,², 刘顺¹^,², 许格希¹^,², 冯秋红³^,⁴, 史作民¹^,²^,⁵^,^*()

¹ 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所, 森林生态系统保护修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100091
² 四川米亚罗森林生态系统定位观测研究站, 四川理县 623100
³ 四川省林业科学研究院, 森林和湿地生态保护修复与资源挖掘利用四川省重点实验室, 成都 610081
⁴ 四川大熊猫国家公园定位观测研究站, 卧龙森林生态四川省野外科学观测研究站, 四川阿坝 623006
⁵ 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037

收稿日期:2025-07-02 接受日期:2025-12-13 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-03
通讯作者: *史作民(shizm@caf.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2200404-03);2021YFD2200405和2024YFD2201402(2021YFD2200405);2021YFD2200405和2024YFD2201402(2024YFD2201402);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2021ZA002-2);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2022QC002);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2022SY021);四川省科技计划(2024ZYD0169)

Contribution and influencing factors of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen acquisition for Abies fargesii var. faxoniana and Betula utilis on the eastern Qingzang Plateau

CHEN Miao¹^,²^,³^,⁴, CHEN Jian¹^,², LIU Shun¹^,², XU Ge-Xi¹^,², FENG Qiu-Hong³^,⁴, SHI Zuo-Min¹^,²^,⁵^,^*()

¹ Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
² Sichuan Miyaluo Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Li Xian, Sichuan 623100, China
³ Ecological Conservation, Restoration and Resource Utilization in Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China
⁴ Sichuan Giant Panda National Park Observation and Research Station, Wolong Forest Ecology Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Aba, Sichuan 623006, China
⁵ Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2025-07-02 Accepted:2025-12-13 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-03
Contact: *SHI Zuo-Min(shizm@caf.ac.cn)
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2200404-03);National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2200405);National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2201402);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution(CAFYBB2021ZA002-2);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution(CAFYBB2022QC002);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution(CAFYBB2022SY021);Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024ZYD0169)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外生菌根树木既通过细根直接吸收土壤中的氮(根途径), 也通过外生菌根真菌菌丝吸收土壤氮(菌丝途径)后转移到细根中。然而, 目前对于菌丝途径对外生菌根树木氮获取的相对贡献(f_fungi)的量化估算仍具有较大的不确定性, 其关键影响因素亦不甚明确。该研究以青藏高原东缘岷江冷杉(Abies fargesii var. faxoniana)和糙皮桦(Betula utilis)为对象, 采用¹⁵N自然丰度法量化了菌丝途径对其氮获取的相对贡献, 并进一步分析了f_fungi的关键影响因素。研究发现, 岷江冷杉和糙皮桦通过菌丝途径获取的氮在总氮吸收中的贡献与根途径相当, 菌丝途径对岷江冷杉总氮吸收的贡献率为33.6%-71.8%, 对糙皮桦的贡献率为41.6%-63.0%。此外, 土壤碳氮比、年平均温度及土壤pH是f_fungi的关键影响因素。该研究为深入理解自然生态系统中外生菌根树木氮获取策略及其影响因素提供了新的思路和见解。

关键词: 氮稳定同位素, 外生菌根树木, 菌丝途径, 氮吸收, 亚高山森林

Abstract:

Aims Ectomycorrhizal trees obtain nitrogen (N) through direct root uptake from soil (root pathway) and via ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelia translocated to roots (mycelia pathway). However, the relative contribution of the mycelial pathway to tree N acquisition (f_fungi) remain highly uncertain, and the key influencing factors are not well defined in natural ecosystems.

Methods In this study, we employed the ¹⁵N natural abundance method to quantify the relative contribution of the mycelial pathway to N acquisition in two ectomycorrhizal trees (Abies fargesii var. faxoniana and Betula utilis) on the eastern Qingzang Plateau. We further analyzed the influencing factors of f_fungi.

Important findings Our results showed that the contribution of mycelia pathways to total N uptake was comparable to that of root pathways in both A. fargesii var. faxoniana and B. utilis. Specifically, the mycelia pathway contributed to 33.6%-71.8% of total N uptake in A. fargesii var. faxoniana and 41.6%-63.0% in B. utilis. Moreover, the soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, mean annual temperature and soil pH were identified as a key influencing factor for f_fungi. This study provides perspectives and insights for understanding N acquisition strategies and their influencing factors in ectomycorrhizal trees within natural ecosystems.

Key words: nitrogen stable isotope, ectomycorrhizal tree, mycelia pathway, nitrogen uptake, subalpine forest

陈淼, 陈健, 刘顺, 许格希, 冯秋红, 史作民. 外生菌根真菌对青藏高原东缘岷江冷杉和糙皮桦氮获取的贡献及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 731-741. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0252

CHEN Miao, CHEN Jian, LIU Shun, XU Ge-Xi, FENG Qiu-Hong, SHI Zuo-Min. Contribution and influencing factors of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen acquisition for Abies fargesii var. faxoniana and Betula utilis on the eastern Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(3): 731-741. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0252

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0252

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I3/731

图/表 7

图1 研究区样点分布图。FTZ, 蜂桶寨; MYL, 米亚罗; SDG, 三达古; SPG, 松坪沟; WL, 卧龙。

Fig. 1 Location of the sampling sites in the study area. FTZ, Fengtongzhai; MYL, Miyaluo; SDG, Sandagu; SPG, Songpinggou; WL, Wolong.

图2 不同森林类型土壤氮浓度和同位素特征以及植物氮同位素特征(平均值±标准误)。DON, 可溶性有机氮含量; TDN, 土壤总溶解氮含量。δ15NTDN, 土壤总溶解的氮稳定同位素组成; δ15Nplant, 全株植物的氮稳定同位素组成。不同小写字母表示不同林型间在p < 0.05水平下存在显著差异。不同大写字母表示同一林型内不同形态氮含量在p < 0.05水平下存在显著差异。

Fig. 2 Soil nitrogen (N) concentration and isotopic characteristics and plant nitrogen isotopic characteristics in different forest types (mean ± SE). DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; TDN, total dissolved nitrogen content. δ15NTDN, the stable nitrogen isotope value of soil total dissolved nitrogen; δ15Nplant, the stable nitrogen isotope value of whole-plant. Different lowercase letters denote significant differences between different forest types at p < 0.05. Different uppercase letters denote significant differences among different forms of N at p < 0.05.

表1 不同地点不同形态氮含量及氮同位素特征(平均值±标准误, n=4)

Table 1 Different forms of nitrogen content and nitrogen isotope characteristics in different sites (mean ± SE, n = 4)

森林类型 Forest type	地点 Site	不同形态氮含量 Different forms of nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)				氮同位素特征 Nitrogen isotope characteristics (‰)
森林类型 Forest type	地点 Site	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	DON	TDN	δ¹⁵N_TDN	δ¹⁵N_plant
岷江冷杉林 Abies fargesii var. faxoniana forest	WL	13.79 ± 2.79^aB	4.89 ± 0.79^aA	49.27 ± 3.12^aA	67.93 ± 4.83^aB	2.72 ± 0.64^aA	-2.51 ± 0.35^aABC
	MYL	27.70 ± 1.50^aA	0.75 ± 0.10^bA	53.95 ± 5.44^aA	82.39 ± 4.17^aAB	3.14 ± 0.62^aA	-2.71 ± 0.37^aBC
	FTZ	24.94 ± 2.62^aA	1.25 ± 0.40^bA	67.71 ± 7.45^aA	93.90 ± 8.55^aA	3.48 ± 0.38^aA	-1.59 ± 0.24^aA
	SDG	12.48 ± 0.41^aB	0.80 ± 0.17^bA	63.28 ± 8.13^aA	76.54 ± 7.93^aAB	0.93 ± 0.38^bB	-2.07 ± 0.04^bAB
	SPG	6.72 ± 1.01^aC	3.35 ± 0.97^aA	52.54 ± 3.58^aA	62.60 ± 4.05^aB	3.16 ± 0.59^aA	-3.27 ± 0.45^aC
糙皮桦林 Betula utilis forest	WL	9.09 ± 2.63^aBC	8.20 ± 1.79^aB	32.82 ± 6.16^bC	50.10 ± 7.95^bB	2.37 ± 0.14^aAB	-1.35 ± 0.60^aA
	MYL	27.42 ± 1.30^aA	5.51 ± 0.79^aB	55.28 ± 4.23^aAB	88.20 ± 3.16^aA	1.53 ± 0.60^aB	-2.52 ± 0.22^aBC
	FTZ	14.18 ± 1.52^bB	10.73 ± 3.15^aAB	72.56 ± 8.35^aA	97.47 ± 5.70^aA	3.01 ± 0.61^aAB	-1.90 ± 0.43^aAB
	SDG	13.97 ± 2.64^aB	13.63 ± 2.59^aA	51.76 ± 9.51^aB	79.35 ± 14.57^aA	2.42 ± 0.42^aAB	-3.21 ± 0.16^aC
	SPG	4.93 ± 0.71^aC	5.49 ± 1.33^aB	26.17 ± 5.96^bC	36.58 ± 6.75^bB	3.53 ± 0.77^aA	-1.75 ± 0.20^bAB

图3 根途径和菌丝途径对岷江冷杉和糙皮桦氮获取的贡献(平均值±标准误)。FTZ, 蜂桶寨; MYL, 米亚罗; SDG, 三达古; SPG, 松坪沟; WL, 卧龙。不同小写字母表示在给定地点的不同氮吸收途径之间的显著差异(p < 0.05)。不同大写字母表示在给定森林类型的不同地点之间的显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Contributions of root pathway and mycelia pathway to Abies fargesii var. faxonian and Betula utilis nitrogen acquisition (mean ± SE). FTZ, Fengtongzhai; MYL, Miyaluo; SDG, Sandagu; SPG, Songpinggou; WL, Wolong. Different lowercase letters denote significant differences between different nitrogen (N) uptake pathways in a given site at p < 0.05. Different uppercase letters denote significant differences among different sites in a given forest type at p < 0.05.

图4 同一地点岷江冷杉和糙皮桦的ffungi差异(平均值±标准误)。ffungi, 菌根真菌对树木氮获取的贡献率。FTZ, 蜂桶寨; MYL, 米亚罗; SDG, 三达古; SPG, 松坪沟; WL, 卧龙。不同小写字母表示存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Difference in ffungi between Abies fargesii var. faxoniana and Betula utilis at the same site (mean ± SE). ffungi, the contribution rate of the mycelia pathway to tree nitrogen acquisition. FTZ, Fengtongzhai; MYL, Miyaluo; SDG, Sandagu; SPG, Songpinggou; WL, Wolong. Different lowercase letters denote significant differences at p < 0.05.

图5 ffungi与气候因子、土壤特性、树木年龄之间的关系。AGE, 树木年龄; C:N, 土壤碳氮比; DON, 可溶性有机氮含量; ffungi, 菌根真菌对树木氮获取的贡献率; MAP, 年降水量; MAT, 年平均气温; SBD, 土壤容重; SWC, 土壤含水量。

Fig. 5 Relationship between ffungi and climate factors, soil characteristics, and tree age. AGE, tree age; C:N, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; ffungi, the contribution rate of the mycelia pathway to tree nitrogen acquisition; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; SBD, soil bulk density; SWC, soil water content.

图6 解释变量对ffungi变异的相对重要性。AGE, 树木年龄; C:N, 土壤碳氮比; DON, 可溶性有机氮含量; ffungi, 菌根真菌对树木氮获取的贡献率; MAP, 年降水量; MAT, 年平均气温; SBD, 土壤容重; SWC, 土壤含水量。

Fig. 6 Relative importance of explanatory variables to ffungi. AGE, tree age; C:N, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; ffungi, the contribution rate of the mycelia pathway to tree nitrogen acquisition; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; SBD, soil bulk density; SWC, soil water content.

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外生菌根真菌对青藏高原东缘岷江冷杉和糙皮桦氮获取的贡献及其影响因素

Contribution and influencing factors of ectomycorrhizal fungi to nitrogen acquisition for Abies fargesii var. faxoniana and Betula utilis on the eastern Qingzang Plateau

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