秦岭北麓不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量分布及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0032

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 1003-1015.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0032 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0032

秦岭北麓不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量分布及其影响因素

吴光进¹, 郭垚鑫², 任成杰³, 王俊¹, 岳明²^,⁴, 赵发珠¹^,^*()

¹ 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127
² 西北大学生命科学学院, 西安 710127
³ 西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
⁴ 陕西省西安植物园(陕西省植物研究所), 西安 710061

收稿日期:2025-01-21 接受日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-09
通讯作者: ^*赵发珠(zhaofazhu@nwu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
陕西秦岭北麓主体山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程项目(2203-610100-04-05-321562)

Distribution of soil organic carbon content and its influencing factors in different vegetation type on northern foot of Qinling Mountains

WU Guang-Jin¹, GUO Yao-Xin², REN Cheng-Jie³, WANG Jun¹, YUE Ming²^,⁴, ZHAO Fa-Zhu¹^,^*()

¹ College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
² College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
³ College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
⁴ Xi’an Botanical Garden (Botanical Institute), Xi’an 710061, China

Received:2025-01-21 Accepted:2025-04-08 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2025-04-09
Contact: ^*ZHAO Fa-Zhu(zhaofazhu@nwu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
Restoration Project of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Fields, Lakes, Grasslands and Deserts in the Northern Foothills of Qinling in Shaanxi Province(2203-610100-04-05-321562)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究秦岭北麓不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量的高精度分布及其影响因素, 对秦岭土壤碳库准确评价及生态服务功能评估具有重要意义。以秦岭北麓生态保护区典型植被类型——阔叶林、针叶林、灌丛、草地、耕地为对象, 基于431个样点所获得的大量土壤有机碳数据, 通过克里金插值法, 评估了这5种植被类型0-100 cm土壤剖面上有机碳的分布规律, 并结合路径分析研究5种植被类型土壤有机碳库的主要影响因素。结果显示: 在秦岭北麓地区, 土壤表层0-10 cm有机碳含量达到峰值, 其中阔叶林的平均有机碳含量最高为19.45 g·kg^-1, 相比之下, 灌丛平均有机碳含量最低仅为14.50 g·kg^-1, 约为阔叶林的74.6%; 在整个0-100 cm土壤剖面中, 阔叶林、针叶林、灌丛、草地、耕地的土壤有机碳含量变化范围分别为2.60-37.27、3.02-14.01、4.41-13.38、4.00-10.83、3.05-14.31 g·kg^-1, 平均有机碳含量分别为7.32、6.44、6.95、6.03、5.90 g·kg^-1, 耕地平均有机碳含量最低, 约为阔叶林的80.6%; 在不同植被类型中, 不同因子对土壤有机碳含量的影响程度不同, 地形(海拔、坡度、坡向)、植被覆盖状况、气候(年平均气温、年降水量)、土壤理化性质(pH、总氮、总磷、总钾含量)、土壤质地(砂粒、粉粒、黏粒含量)等因子对阔叶林、针叶林、灌丛、草地、耕地土壤有机碳含量空间变异的解释度分别为25%、30%、38%、59%和16%, 气候因子和土壤理化性质影响程度最大, 其中年平均气温、总氮含量是影响0-100 cm土壤有机碳含量分布的主要因素。

关键词: 秦岭北麓, 植被类型, 土壤有机碳含量, 空间分布, 环境因子

Abstract:

Aims Exploring the high-precision distribution and influencing factors of soil organic carbon (SOC) content under different vegetation types in the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, which is of great significance for accurately assessing the region’s soil carbon pool and evaluating its ecosystem service functions.

Methods Taking the typical vegetation types of broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, shrubland, grassland, and cropland in the ecological protection area of the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains as the research objects, this study evaluated the distribution patterns of SOC in the 0-100 cm soil profile across these five vegetation types based on a large amount of SOC data obtained from 431 sample points using the Kriging interpolation method. Additionally, path analysis was employed to investigate the main influencing factors of SOC pools in these five vegetation types.

Important findings In the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, the SOC content in the surface layer (0-10 cm) reaches its peak. Among the vegetation types, broadleaf forest has the highest average organic carbon content of 19.45 g·kg^-1, while shrubland has the lowest average organic carbon content of 14.50 g·kg^-1, which is approximately 74.6% of that in broadleaf forests. Across the entire 0-100 cm soil profile, the SOC content ranges for the five vegetation types—broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, shrubland, grassland, and cropland—are 2.60-37.27, 3.02-14.01, 4.41-13.38, 4.00-10.83, and 3.05-14.31 g·kg^-1, respectively. The average SOC contents are 7.32, 6.44, 6.95, 6.03, and 5.90 g·kg^-1, respectively. Cropland has the lowest average SOC content, which is approximately 80.6% of that in broadleaf forests. The influence of various factors on SOC content varied among vegetation types. Terrain features (elevation, slope, aspect), vegetation cover, climatic conditions (mean annual temperature and precipitation), soil physicochemical properties (pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium contents), and soil texture (sand, silt, and clay content) collectively explained 25%, 30%, 38%, 59%, and 16% of the spatial variability in SOC content for broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, shrubland, grassland, and cropland, respectively. Climatic factors and soil physicochemical properties exerted the greatest influence, with mean annual temperature and total nitrogen content being the primary affecting factors.

Key words: the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, vegetation type, soil organic carbon content, spatial distribution, environmental factor

吴光进, 郭垚鑫, 任成杰, 王俊, 岳明, 赵发珠. 秦岭北麓不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量分布及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(4): 1003-1015. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0032

WU Guang-Jin, GUO Yao-Xin, REN Cheng-Jie, WANG Jun, YUE Ming, ZHAO Fa-Zhu. Distribution of soil organic carbon content and its influencing factors in different vegetation type on northern foot of Qinling Mountains. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(4): 1003-1015. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0032

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0032

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I4/1003

图/表 8

图1 秦岭北麓研究区及样点分布。

Fig. 1 Study area and sampling sites on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

图2 秦岭北麓阔叶林土壤有机碳含量空间分布。

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in broadleaf forest soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

图3 秦岭北麓针叶林土壤有机碳含量空间分布。

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in coniferous forest soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

图4 秦岭北麓灌丛土壤有机碳含量空间分布。

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in shrubland soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

图5 秦岭北麓草地土壤有机碳含量空间分布。

Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in grassland soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

图6 秦岭北麓耕地土壤有机碳含量空间分布。

Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of organic carbon content in cropland soil on the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.

表1 不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量垂直分布格局(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Differences in vertical distribution of soil organic carbon content in different vegetation types (mean ± SE)

植被类型 Vegetation type	土层深度 Soil layer (cm)
植被类型 Vegetation type	0-10	10-20	20-30	30-40	40-50	50-60	60-80	80-100	0-100
草地 Grassland	14.95 ± 1.29^Abc	8.50 ± 0.92^Bbc	6.33 ± 0.72^Cab	4.99 ± 0.50^Db	4.02 ± 0.30^Eb	3.29 ± 0.22^Fb	2.94 ± 0.15^FGab	2.42 ± 0.19^Hab	6.03 ± 0.47^ab
灌丛 Shrubland	14.50 ± 0.86^Abc	9.46 ± 0.62^Bab	8.12 ± 0.69^Ca	5.95 ± 0.56^Dab	4.77 ± 0.49^Eab	3.71 ± 0.34^EFb	3.11 ± 0.32^FGa	2.65 ± 0.17^GHa	6.95 ± 0.73^ab
针叶林 Coniferous forest	17.27 ± 0.90^Aab	9.63 ± 0.46^Ba	7.21 ± 0.38^Ca	6.01 ± 0.28^Da	4.94 ± 0.20^Ea	3.96 ± 0.15^Fa	3.03 ± 0.07^Ga	2.33 ± 0.04^Ha	6.44 ± 0.32^ab
阔叶林 Broadleaf forest	19.45 ± 0.80^Aa	11.44 ± 0.54^Ba	8.41 ± 0.43^Ca	6.23 ± 0.32^Da	5.13 ± 0.29^Ea	3.80 ± 0.16^Fab	2.95 ± 0.09^Gab	2.45 ± 0.07^Ha	7.32 ± 0.38^a
耕地 Cropland	15.27 ± 0.84^Ac	8.56 ± 0.44^Bbc	6.29 ± 0.23^Cbc	5.30 ± 0.16^Db	4.29 ± 0.11^Eb	3.46 ± 0.09^Fb	2.76 ± 0.05^Gb	2.18 ± 0.04^Hb	5.90 ± 0.18^bc

图7 秦岭北麓不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量影响因子相关性及路径分析。A, 阔叶林。B, 针叶林。C, 灌丛。D, 草地。E, 耕地。MAT, 年平均气温; MAP, 年降水量; NDVI, 归一化植被指数; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; TN, 土壤总氮含量; TP, 土壤总磷含量; TK, 土壤总钾含量。橙色线条代表正路径系数, 蓝色线条代表负路径系数。线的粗细表示路径系数相对大小; R2表示变量被解释比例。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 7 Path analysis and correlation of factors affecting soil organic carbon content in different vegetation types in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. A, Broadleaf forest. B, Coniferous forest. C, Shrubland. D, Grassland. E, Cropland. MAT, mean annual air temperature; MAP, mean annual precipitation; NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index; SOC, soil organic carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content in soil; TP, total phosphorus content in soil; TK, total potassium content in soil. Positive path coefficients are represented by the orange lines while negative ones are represented by the blue lines. The thickness of the line represents the relative magnitude of the path coefficient; R2 represents the proportion of variance explained by the variable. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

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秦岭北麓不同植被类型土壤有机碳含量分布及其影响因素

Distribution of soil organic carbon content and its influencing factors in different vegetation type on northern foot of Qinling Mountains

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