中亚热带植被恢复对土壤有机碳含量、碳密度的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0021

植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 595-608.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0021

所属专题：凋落物；碳循环；碳储量

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

中亚热带植被恢复对土壤有机碳含量、碳密度的影响

辜翔¹,张仕吉¹,刘兆丹¹,李雷达¹,陈金磊¹,王留芳¹,方晰^1,^2,^3,^*()

1 中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院, 长沙 410004
2 南方林业生态应用技术国家工程实验室, 长沙 410004
3 湖南会同杉木林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 湖南会同 438107

收稿日期:2018-01-15 修回日期:2018-05-09 出版日期:2018-05-20 发布日期:2018-07-20
通讯作者: 方晰
基金资助:
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201504411);国家自然科学基金项目(30771720);国家自然科学基金项目(31170426)

Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon concentration and density in the mid-subtropical region of China

GU Xiang¹,ZHANG Shi-Ji¹,LIU Zhao-Dan¹,LI Lei-Da¹,CHEN Jin-Lei¹,WANG Liu-Fang¹,FANG Xi^1,^2,^3,^*()

1 School of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
2 National Engineering Laboratory of South China Forestry Ecology Applicable Technologies, Changsha 410004, China
3 Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem of Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China

Received:2018-01-15 Revised:2018-05-09 Online:2018-05-20 Published:2018-07-20
Contact: Xi FANG
Supported by:
Supported by the National Forestry Public Welfare Industry Research Project(201504411);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30771720);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31170426)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示植被恢复对土壤有机碳(SOC)库的影响机制, 采用空间代替时间的方法, 以湘中丘陵区地域相邻、环境条件基本一致的檵木(Loropetalum chinense)-南烛(Vaccinium bracteatum)-杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)灌草丛(LVR)、檵木-杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)-白栎(Quercus fabri)灌木林(LCQ)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)-柯(又名石栎)(Lithocarpus glaber)-檵木针阔混交林(PLL)和柯-红淡比(Cleyera japonica)-青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)常绿阔叶林(LAG)作为一个恢复演替序列, 设置固定样地, 采集0-10、10-20、20-30、30-40 cm土层土壤样品, 测定不同恢复阶段SOC含量(C_SOC)和SOC密度(D_SOC), 通过主成分分析方法和逐步回归分析方法分析影响C_SOC、D_SOC变化的主要因子。结果表明: (1)各土层C_SOC、D_SOC随着植被恢复呈增加趋势, 且LAG显著高于其他3个恢复阶段。LAG 0-40 cm土层C_SOC分别比LVR、LCQ、PLL增加12.5、9.3和4.7 g·kg ^-1, 分别提高了248.5%、113.1%和58.5%; D_SOC分别增加67.1、46.1和32.5 t C·hm ^-2, 分别提高了182.0%、79.7%和45.6%。(2) C_SOC、D_SOC与群落植物多样性指数、群落总生物量、地上部分生物量、根系生物量、凋落物层现存量、凋落物层全氮(N)含量、凋落物层全磷(P)含量、土壤全磷(TP)、土壤有效磷(AP)含量、土壤C/N(除C_SOC外)、C/P、N/P、<0.002 mm黏粒百分含量呈显著或极显著正相关关系, 与凋落物层C/N (除D_SOC外)、凋落物层C/P、土壤pH值和土壤容重呈极显著负相关关系, 表明C_SOC、D_SOC随着植被恢复的变化受到植被因子和土壤因子诸多因子的影响。其中, 土壤C/P、土壤pH值和凋落物层C/P对C_SOC、D_SOC影响显著; 此外, <0.002 mm黏粒百分含量也显著影响着D_SOC, 而土壤C/P对C_SOC和D_SOC影响最显著。植被恢复过程中, 凋落物层C/P和土壤C/P、pH值、质地的变化是影响SOC库变化的重要因素。

关键词: 湘中丘陵区, 植被恢复, 灌草丛, 灌木林, 针阔混交林, 常绿阔叶林, 植被因子, 土壤因子

Abstract:

Aims Vegetation restoration plays an important role in the accumulation and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). Our objectives were to investigate the effects of vegetation restoration on SOC and to explain the underlying mechanisms of carbon sequestration during vegetation restoration in the mid-subtropical China.

Methods According to the disturbance intensity and the degree of restoration, we used the space-for-time substitution method by selecting four different types of vegetation communities, composed of Loropetalum chinense-Vaccinium bracteatum-Rhododendron simsii scrub-grass-land (LVR), Loropetalum chinense-Cunninghamia lanceolata-Quercus fabri shrubbery (LCQ), Pinus massoniana-Lithocarpus glaber-Loropetalum chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest (PLL), and Lithocarpus glaber-Cleyera japonica-Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest (LAG) to represent the successional sequence in the secondary forests in Changsha County, Hunan Province, China. Permanent plots were established in each vegetation communities. Soil samples (0-40 cm) were collected and divided into four layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). Soil organic carbon concentration (C_SOC) and soil organic carbon density (D_SOC) were measured. The main influencing factors on C_SOC and D_SOC were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis and Stepwise Regressions Analysis.

Important findings 1) Along vegetation restoration, C_SOC and D_SOC increased dramatically. The C_SOC was the highest in LAG, which was 12.5, 9.3 and 4.7 g·kg ^-1 higher than in LVR, LCQ and PLL in 0-40 cm soil depth, increasing by 248.5%, 113.1% and 58.5%, respectively. The increments of D_SOC in LAG at 0-40 cm soil depth were 67.1, 46.1 and 32.5 t C·hm ^-2, and increased by 182.0%, 79.7% and 45.6% compared to D_SOC in LVR, LCQ and PLL, respectively. 2) Correlation analysis showed that C_SOC and D_SOC were strongly and positively correlated with species diversity index, community total biomass, aboveground biomass, root biomass, existing biomass in litter layer, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) concentration in litter layer, soil total P, soil available P, soil C/N ratio (except C_SOC), soil C/P ratio, soil N/P ratio and percentage of soil clay (< 0.002 mm), but significantly and negatively correlated with C/N in litter layer (except D_SOC), C/P in litter layer, soil pH and soil bulk density, suggesting that the differences in C_SOC and D_SOC under different vegetation stages were related to both vegetation and soil properties. 3) The results of principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis revealed that soil C/P, pH, concentration of soil clay (except C_SOC) and C/P in litter layer were the dominant factors affecting C_SOC and D_SOC during vegetation restoration. Among them, soil C/P ratio ranked first. These results indicated that the differences in soil C/P ratio, pH, soil clay concentration and C/P in litter layer were responsible for the changes in SOC during vegetation restoration.

Key words: central hilly area of Hunan Province, vegetation restoration, scrub-grass-land, shrubbery, coniferous- broad leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, vegetation factor, soil factor

辜翔, 张仕吉, 刘兆丹, 李雷达, 陈金磊, 王留芳, 方晰. 中亚热带植被恢复对土壤有机碳含量、碳密度的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(5): 595-608. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0021

GU Xiang, ZHANG Shi-Ji, LIU Zhao-Dan, LI Lei-Da, CHEN Jin-Lei, WANG Liu-Fang, FANG Xi. Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon concentration and density in the mid-subtropical region of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(5): 595-608. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0021

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图/表 10

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恢复阶段 Restoration stage	优势植物 Dominant plants	组成比例 Composition proportion (%)	木本植物密度 Density of woody plants (trees·hm^-2)	多样性指数 Diversity index	重要值Important value (%)	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	平均树高 Average tree height (m)	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡向 Slope aspect	坡度 Slope
檵木-南烛- 杜鹃灌草丛 LVR	檵木 Loropetalum chinense	34.48	18125	0.87	27.46	-	0.85 (0.3-1.8)	120-131	东南 Southeast	18°
	南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum	21.55			18.96
	杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii	12.07			14.00
	白栎 Quercus fabri	7.76			10.66
	板栗 Castanea mollissima	5.17			2.72
	其他(8种) Others (8 species)	18.97			26.20
檵木-杉木- 白栎灌木林 LCQ	檵木 Loropetalum chinense	17.47	7633	1.06	22.02	2.74 (1.0-9.8)	3.37 (1.5-6.5)	120-135	西北 Northwest	22°
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	14.85			13.16
	白栎 Quercus fabri	12.66			11.10
	南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum.	12.66			9.26
	木姜子 Litsea spp.	11.35			10.13
	其他(16种) Others (16 species)	31.01			34.43
马尾松-柯- 檵木针阔混交林 PLL	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	39.69	17629	1.91	45.34	5.70 (1.0-28.0)	6.54 (1.5-20.0)	135-160	西南 Southwest	20°
	柯 Lithocarpus glaber	25.52			13.87
	檵木 Loropetalum chinense	11.06			7.43
	红淡比 Cleyera japonica	3.59			4.11
	连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	3.11			4.02
	其他(22种) Others (22 species)	17.03			25.23
柯-红淡比- 青冈常绿阔叶林 LAG	柯 Lithocarpus glaber	38.78	19970	2.29	25.75	5.63 (1.0-40.0)	5.75 (1.5-20.0)	200-260	东南 Southeast	22°
	红淡比 Cleyera japonica	18.70			11.05
	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	5.82			8.90
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	5.36			6.14
	格药柃 Eurya muricata Dunn	5.06			5.73
	其他(31种) Others (31 species)	26.28			42.44

恢复阶段 Restoration stage	优势植物 Dominant plants	组成比例 Composition proportion (%)	木本植物密度 Density of woody plants (trees·hm^-2)	多样性指数 Diversity index	重要值Important value (%)	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	平均树高 Average tree height (m)	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡向 Slope aspect	坡度 Slope
檵木-南烛- 杜鹃灌草丛 LVR	檵木 Loropetalum chinense	34.48	18125	0.87	27.46	-	0.85 (0.3-1.8)	120-131	东南 Southeast	18°
	南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum	21.55			18.96
	杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii	12.07			14.00
	白栎 Quercus fabri	7.76			10.66
	板栗 Castanea mollissima	5.17			2.72
	其他(8种) Others (8 species)	18.97			26.20
檵木-杉木- 白栎灌木林 LCQ	檵木 Loropetalum chinense	17.47	7633	1.06	22.02	2.74 (1.0-9.8)	3.37 (1.5-6.5)	120-135	西北 Northwest	22°
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	14.85			13.16
	白栎 Quercus fabri	12.66			11.10
	南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum.	12.66			9.26
	木姜子 Litsea spp.	11.35			10.13
	其他(16种) Others (16 species)	31.01			34.43
马尾松-柯- 檵木针阔混交林 PLL	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	39.69	17629	1.91	45.34	5.70 (1.0-28.0)	6.54 (1.5-20.0)	135-160	西南 Southwest	20°
	柯 Lithocarpus glaber	25.52			13.87
	檵木 Loropetalum chinense	11.06			7.43
	红淡比 Cleyera japonica	3.59			4.11
	连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	3.11			4.02
	其他(22种) Others (22 species)	17.03			25.23
柯-红淡比- 青冈常绿阔叶林 LAG	柯 Lithocarpus glaber	38.78	19970	2.29	25.75	5.63 (1.0-40.0)	5.75 (1.5-20.0)	200-260	东南 Southeast	22°
	红淡比 Cleyera japonica	18.70			11.05
	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	5.82			8.90
	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	5.36			6.14
	格药柃 Eurya muricata Dunn	5.06			5.73
	其他(31种) Others (31 species)	26.28			42.44

恢复阶段 Restoration stage	群落总生物量 Community total biomass (kg·hm^-2)	地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass (kg·hm^-2)	根系生物量 Root biomass (kg·hm^-2)	凋落物层现存量 Existing biomass in litter layer (kg·hm^-2)	凋落物层 C含量 C concentration in litter layer (g·kg^-1)	凋落物层 N含量 N concentration in litter layer (g·kg^-1)	凋落物层 P含量 P concentration in litter layer (g·kg^-1)	凋落物层 C/N比 C/N ratio in litter layer	凋落物层 C/P比 C/P ratio in litter layer	凋落物层N/P比 N/P ratio in litter layer
LVQ	5 185.4 ± 2 702.5^a	2 244.5 ± 1 153.9^a	2 029.6 ± 1 515.7^a	911.4 ± 653. 9^a	315.8 ± 25.3^ac	9.84 ± 0.3^a	0.30 ± 0.02a	35.8 ± 2.6^a	1532.2 ± 95.2^a	41.5 ± 2.9^a
LCQ	2 0591.5 ± 9 728.9^b	10 346.7 ± 7 143.2^b	5 443.0 ± 3 467.5^a	4 801.8 ± 1 030.2^b	277.2 ± 33.3^a	11.2 ± 0.9^a	0.34 ± 0.03^ab	26.0 ± 0.2^b	914.2 ± 69.4^b	35.7 ± 3.6^a
PLL	129 112.7 ± 19 713.5^c	107 692.6 ± 16 361.6^c	16 332.9 ± 3 047.6^b	5 087.2 ± 1 246.1^b	424.1 ± 8.6^b	11.5 ± 0.5^a	0.33 ± 0.05^ab	38.0 ± 1.6^a	1389.7 ± 227.9^ab	36.6 ± 4.4^a
LAG	148 975.4 ± 43 906.4^c	120 695.2 ± 13 647.7^c	24 400.4 ± 5 124.8^c	3 879.8 ± 1 171.5^b	332.3 ± 53.9^c	14.0 ± 0.2^b	0.38 ± 0.04^b	23.9 ± 3.5^b	953.1 ± 44.6^b	40.3 ± 4.0^a

恢复阶段 Restoration stage	群落总生物量 Community total biomass (kg·hm^-2)	地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass (kg·hm^-2)	根系生物量 Root biomass (kg·hm^-2)	凋落物层现存量 Existing biomass in litter layer (kg·hm^-2)	凋落物层 C含量 C concentration in litter layer (g·kg^-1)	凋落物层 N含量 N concentration in litter layer (g·kg^-1)	凋落物层 P含量 P concentration in litter layer (g·kg^-1)	凋落物层 C/N比 C/N ratio in litter layer	凋落物层 C/P比 C/P ratio in litter layer	凋落物层N/P比 N/P ratio in litter layer
LVQ	5 185.4 ± 2 702.5^a	2 244.5 ± 1 153.9^a	2 029.6 ± 1 515.7^a	911.4 ± 653. 9^a	315.8 ± 25.3^ac	9.84 ± 0.3^a	0.30 ± 0.02a	35.8 ± 2.6^a	1532.2 ± 95.2^a	41.5 ± 2.9^a
LCQ	2 0591.5 ± 9 728.9^b	10 346.7 ± 7 143.2^b	5 443.0 ± 3 467.5^a	4 801.8 ± 1 030.2^b	277.2 ± 33.3^a	11.2 ± 0.9^a	0.34 ± 0.03^ab	26.0 ± 0.2^b	914.2 ± 69.4^b	35.7 ± 3.6^a
PLL	129 112.7 ± 19 713.5^c	107 692.6 ± 16 361.6^c	16 332.9 ± 3 047.6^b	5 087.2 ± 1 246.1^b	424.1 ± 8.6^b	11.5 ± 0.5^a	0.33 ± 0.05^ab	38.0 ± 1.6^a	1389.7 ± 227.9^ab	36.6 ± 4.4^a
LAG	148 975.4 ± 43 906.4^c	120 695.2 ± 13 647.7^c	24 400.4 ± 5 124.8^c	3 879.8 ± 1 171.5^b	332.3 ± 53.9^c	14.0 ± 0.2^b	0.38 ± 0.04^b	23.9 ± 3.5^b	953.1 ± 44.6^b	40.3 ± 4.0^a

恢复阶段 Restoration stage	土层深度 Soil layer (cm)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	0.05-2 mm 砂粒百分含量 Soil sand (0.05-2 mm) percentage (%)	0.002-0.05 mm粉粒百分含量 Soil silt (0.002- 0.05 mm) percentage (%)	<0.002 mm 黏粒百分含量 Soil clay (<0.002 mm) percentage (%)	pH	TP (g·kg^-1)	AP (mg·kg^-1)	C/N	C/P	N/P
LVR	0-10	1.4 ± 0.2^Aa	43.6 ± 4.8^Aa	44.7 ± 6.4^Aa	11.7 ± 4.6^Aa	4.5 ± 0.2^Aa	0.17 ± 0.16^Aa	2.1 ± 0.7^Aa	22.4 ± 12.5^Aa	109.1 ± 44.7^Aa	5.3 ± 2.4^Aa
	10-20	1.5 ± 0.1^Aab	39.5 ± 4.1^Aa	57.0 ± 5.2^Ab	3.5 ± 1.1^Ab	4.7 ± 0.2^Ab	0.12 ± 0.03^Aab	1.4 ± 0.6^Ab	20.0 ± 9.3^Aab	59.5 ± 51.4^Ab	3.3 ± 3.0^Ab
	20-30	1.5 ± 0.1^Aab	42.0 ± 5.6^Aa	56.5 ± 6.2^Ab	2.7 ± 0.9^Ab	4.8 ± 0.2^Ab	0.11 ± 0.04^Ab	1.3 ± 0.5^Ab	17.7 ± 9.5^Aab	42.9 ± 40.9^Ab	2.5 ± 2.2^Ab
	30-40	1.5 ± 0.1^Ab	43.1 ± 5.6^Aa	54.4 ± 6.1^ACb	2.5 ± 0.6^Ab	5.0 ± 0.2^Ac	0.11 ± 0.04^Ab	1.2 ± 0.5^Ab	13.7 ± 7.7^ABb	30.5 ± 37.4^Ab	2.5 ± 2.5^Ab
LCQ	0-10	1.4 ± 0.1^Ab	67.9 ± 2.1^Ba	21.6 ± 2.5^Ba	10.6 ± 2.4^Aa	4.8 ± 0.2^Ba	0.12 ± 0.03^Aa	2.6 ± 1.1^ABa	17.7 ± 6.8^Aa	164.4 ± 45.5^Ba	10.0 ± 3.1^Ba
	10-20	1.6 ± 0.1^Ab	60.1 ± 11.1^Bb	27.2 ± 9.1^Bb	12.9 ± 5.0^Ba	4.9 ± 0.2^ABab	0.10 ± 0.03^Ab	1.9 ± 0.6^Bab	16.3 ± 4.6^ABab	90.2 ± 29.9^Bb	6.0 ± 2.8^Bb
	20-30	1.6 ± 0.1^Ab	63.3 ± 3.9^Bab	26.0 ± 4.9^Bab	10.7 ± 3.5^Ba	5.0 ± 0.2^ABb	0.09 ± 0.02^Ab	1.9 ± 0.7^Bb	17.0 ± 7.5^ABab	72.4 ± 47.2^Bb	4.8 ± 2.84^Bbc
	30-40	1.7 ± 0.0^Bb	63.4 ± 3.7^Bab	25.8 ± 5.0^Bab	10.8 ± 3.4^Ba	5.1 ± 0.2^Ab	0.10 ± 0.03^Ab	1.6 ± 0.7^ABb	12.5 ± 3.2^Ab	40.7 ± 17.7^ABc	3.5 ± 1.6^ABc
PLL	0-10	1.2 ± 0.3^Aa	49.0 ± 18.5^Aa	35.2 ± 14.0^Ca	15.8 ± 6.3^Ba	4.4 ± 0.2^Ba	0.15 ± 0.05^Aa	2.5 ± 0.9^ABa	21.5 ± 3.4^Aa	217.6 ± 54.6^Ca	10.2 ± 2.7^Ba
	10-20	1.4 ± 0.2^Aa	45.2 ± 19.3^Aa	43.3 ± 18.0^Ca	11.6 ± 8.3^Ba	4.5 ± 0.3^Bab	0.13 ± 0.06^Aa	2.0 ± 0.4^BCab	20.1 ±6.5^Aab	103.6 ± 33.3^Bb	5.5 ± 2.1^Bb
	20-30	1.5 ± 0.2^Aa	43.0 ± 18.2^Aa	45.6 ± 19.4^Ca	11.5 ± 6.8^Ba	4.6 ± 0.3^Bab	0.11 ± 0.06^Aa	1.7 ± 0.8^ABb	16.6 ± 4.9^ABb	72.7 ± 26.5^Bc	4.5 ± 1.7^Bbc
	30-40	1.5 ± 0.1^Aa	41.2 ± 18.7^Aa	48.8 ± 19.7^Aa	10.1 ± 7.9^Ba	4.7 ± 0.3^Ab	0.13 ± 0.08^Aa	2.0 ± 1.5^Bab	17.1 ± 5.6^Bb	46.8 ± 22.4^ABc	3.1 ± 2.1^Ac
LAG	0-10	1.3 ± 0.1^Aa	26.1 ± 7.4^Ca	56.5 ± 8.4^Da	17.4 ± 4.2^Ba	4.4 ± 0.3^Ca	0.25 ± 0.05^Ba	2.8 ± 0.9^Ba	16.5 ± 2.9^Aa	151.4 ± 55.8^Ba	8.6 ± 3.7^Ba
	10-20	1.4 ± 0.0^Ab	20.1 ± 3.6^Cb	61.2 ± 4.8^Dab	18.8 ± 4.8^Ca	4.6 ± 0.2^Ca	0.20 ± 0.04^Bb	2.5 ± 0.9^Cab	13.2 ± 1.2^Bb	84.7 ± 27.3^ABb	6.5 ± 2.1^Bb
	20-30	1.5 ± 0.0^Ab	21.8 ± 5.2^Cab	62.9 ± 5.0^Ab	15.3 ± 4.3^Cab	4.6 ± 0.2^Ca	0.19 ± 0.04^Bb	2.0 ± 1.0^Bb	11.9 ± 1.6^Bb	67.4 ± 25.0^ABb	5.6 ± 1.8^Bb
	30-40	1.5 ± 0.0^Ab	23.9 ± 6.3^Cab	62.5 ± 7.3^Cb	13.6 ± 4.5^Bb	4.6 ± 0.3^Ca	0.20 ± 0.05^Bb	1.9 ± 0.9^ABb	12.0 ± 1.7^Ab	63.3 ± 31.3^Bb	5.2 ± 2.4^Bb

中亚热带植被恢复对土壤有机碳含量、碳密度的影响

Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon concentration and density in the mid-subtropical region of China

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项目 Item	植物多样性指数Species diversity index	群落总生物量 Community total biomass	地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	根系生物量 Root biomass	凋落物层现存量 Existing biomass in litter layer	凋落物层C含量 C concentration in litter layer	凋落物层N含量 N concentration in litter layer	凋落物层P含量 P concentration in litter layer	凋落物层C/N比 C/N ratio in litter layer	凋落物层C/P比 C/P ratio in litter layer	凋落物层N/P比 N/P ratio in litter layer
C_SOC	0.293^*	0.479^**	0.473^**	0.478^**	0.456^**	0.162	0.459^**	0.378^**	-0.240	-0.279^*	-0.070
D_SOC	0.326^*	0.476^**	0.468^**	0.495^**	0.470^**	0.102	0.496^**	0.424^**	-0.318^*	-0.348^*	-0.083

项目 Item	容重 Bulk density	0.05-2 mm 砂粒百分含量 Soil sand percentage (0.05-2 mm)	0.002-0.05 mm 粉粒百分含量 Soil silt percentage (0.002-0.05 mm)	<0.002 mm 黏粒百分含量 Soil clay percentage (<0.002 mm)	pH	TP	AP	C/N	C/P	N/P
C_SOC	-0.678^**	-0.246	0.027	0.637^**	-0.666^**	0.568^**	0.727^**	0.277^*	0.792^**	0.780^**
D_SOC	-0.551^**	-0.209	-0.007	0.623^**	-0.623^**	0.564^**	0.752^**	0.2430	0.796^**	0.811^**

因子 Factor	主成分 Component
因子 Factor	1	2	3	4	5
植物多样性指数 Species diversity index	0.687	-0.504	-0.200	-0.020	-0.259
群落总生物量 Community total biomass	0.877	0.247	-0.056	0.301	0.169
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	0.862	0.279	-0.054	0.311	0.162
根系部分生物量 Root biomass	0.913	0.132	-0.13	0.221	0.221
凋落物层现存量 Existing biomass in litter layer	0.841	-0.247	0.112	0.180	0.079
凋落物层C含量 C concentration in litter layer	0.281	0.562	0.149	0.708	0.001
凋落物层N含量 N concentration in litter layer	0.786	-0.123	-0.232	-0.011	0.218
凋落物层P含量 P concentration in litter layer	0.810	-0.360	-0.080	0.199	-0.263
凋落物层C/N比 C/N ratio in litter layer	-0.522	0.625	0.241	0.501	-0.106
凋落物层C/P比 C/P ratio in litter layer	-0.622	0.745	0.06	0.12	0.112
凋落物层N/P比 N/P ratio in litter layer	-0.204	0.439	-0.3	-0.533	0.577
土壤容重 Soil bulk density	-0.384	-0.614	-0.367	0.237	0.157
0.05-2 mm砂粒百分含量 Soil sand percentage (0.05-2.00 mm)	-0.531	-0.57	0.549	0.187	0.078
0.002-0.05 mm粉粒百分含量 Soil silt percentage (0.002-0.05 mm)	0.276	0.615	-0.65	-0.122	-0.098
<0.002 mm黏粒百分含量 Soil clay percentage (<0.002 mm)	0.914	-0.023	0.174	-0.21	0.043
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	-0.575	-0.702	-0.204	0.159	0.195
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus concentration	0.631	0.342	-0.248	-0.457	-0.291
土壤速效磷含量 Soil available phosphorus concentration	0.656	-0.095	0.482	-0.204	-0.187
土壤碳氮比 Soil C/N ratio	-0.244	0.446	0.616	-0.205	-0.273
土壤碳磷比 Soil C/P ratio	0.350	0.066	0.861	-0.155	0.191
土壤氮磷比 Soil N/P ratio	0.499	-0.120	0.720	-0.172	0.296
贡献率 Contribution rate	40.533	18.984	15.113	8.953	4.995
累积贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate	40.533	59.517	74.630	83.583	88.578

因子 Factor	模型 Model
因子 Factor	1	2	3
土壤碳磷比 Soil C/P ratio	0.141	0.111	0.101
土壤pH值 Soil pH value		-17.073	-19.492
凋落物层C/P比 C/P ratio in litter layer			-0.009
常数项 Constant term	-0.285	82.592	105.516
多元相关系数 Multiple correlation coefficient (R)	0.792	0.874	0.912
调整判定系数 Adjust R²	0.620	0.755	0.820
F	84.203	79.603	78.584
p	0.000	0.000	0.000

因子 Factor	模型 Model
因子 Factor	1	2	3	4
土壤C/P比 Soil C/P ratio	0.172	0.141	0.127	0.124
<0.002 mm黏粒百分含量 Soil clay percentage (< 0.002 mm)		0.763	0.565	0.107
土壤pH值 Soil pH value			-12.315	-20.204
凋落物层C/P比 C/P ratio in litter layer				-0.012
常数项 Constant term	1.416	-4.094	57.112	114.025
多元相关系数 Multiple correlation coefficient (R)	0.796	0.865	0.889	0.916
调整判定系数 Adjust (R²)	0.626	0.739	0.776	0.825
F	86.325	73.058	60.022	61.066
p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

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