种子异型性及其生态意义的研究进展

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子异型性是指同一植株产生不同形状或行为种子的现象。根据异型种子在植株上的生长位置, 种子异型性可划分为地上下结实性和地上种子异型性两类。此现象已在26科129属292种被子植物中报道。异型性种子植物主要分布于干旱半干旱区、荒漠和盐渍土地区等干扰强烈的环境, 在菊科和藜科中最为常见, 主要出现在一年生植物中。种子异型性在避免密集负效应、减弱同胞子代间的竞争、采取两头下注策略以适应时空异质性环境等方面具有重要的进化生态意义。该文系统总结了国内外种子异型性的研究工作, 主要内容包括: 1)种子异型性的概念、类型和种类, 2)具有异型种子植物的生境和生活型, 3)异型种子的生态学特性, 4)种子异型性的理论模型, 5)种子异型性的生态意义。在综述文献的基础上, 对今后的研究进行了展望。针对国内外的研究现状, 提出两点建议: 1)系统调查具有种子异型性现象的植物种类, 摸清其生物学特性; 2)确定研究种子异型性现象的模式植物, 从生态学、生理学和分子生物学等学科角度来研究种子异型性的个体发育机制及分子调控机理。

关键词: 两头下注, 传播, 休眠, 萌发, 生活史对策, 种子异型性

Abstract:

Seed heteromorphism is the production of seeds of different form or behavior by single individuals. According to the relative position of seeds on the plant, seed heteromorphism can be divided into amphicarpy and heterodiaspory. Seed heteromorphism has been reported in 26 families, 129 genera and 292 species of angiosperms. Most heteromorphic plants studied are annuals, often species in Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae faced with stochastic environments such as arid, semiarid, desert and saline soil. Seed heteromorphism is generally considered to play an important role in escaping from the negative effect of crowding, reducing sib competition and adapting to environment by following bet-hedging strategy. We review and analyze recent advances in seed heteromorphism research, with emphases on 1) conception and types of seed heteromorphism and the species of the heteromorphic plants, 2) habitats and life types of the heteromorphic plants, 3) ecological characteristics of heteromorphic seeds, 4) theoretical model of seed heteromorphism and 5) ecological significance of seed heteromorphism. In addition, we discuss prospects for further research in this area and suggest 1) species with seed heteromorphism should be investigated and their biological characteristics should be studied and 2) the model plant of seed heteromorphism needs to be selected and ecological, physiological and molecular biological methods should be used to reveal the ontogenetic and molecular controlling mechanisms.

Key words: bet-hedging, dispersal, dormancy, germination, life history strategy, seed heteromorphism

王雷, 董鸣, 黄振英. 种子异型性及其生态意义的研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(5): 578-590. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.012

WANG Lei, DONG Ming, HUANG Zhen-Ying. Review of research on seed heteromorphism and its ecological significance. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(5): 578-590. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.012

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I5/578

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科名 Family	物种 Species	类型 Type	生境 Habitat	生活型 Life form	参考文献 Reference
菊科 Asteraceae	小疮菊 Garhadiolus papposus	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Qu, 2004; Sun et al., 2008
菊科 Asteraceae	异喙菊 Heteracia szovitsii	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Qu, 2004
十字花科 Brassicaceae	异果芥 Diptychocarpus strictus	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒地 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Wu & Tan, 2007
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	榆钱菠菜 Atriplex hortensis	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	农田 Cropland	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	野榆钱菠菜 Atriplex aucheri	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	戟叶滨藜 Atriplex prostrata	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	湿地 Wetland	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	滨藜 Atriplex patens	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	盐渍土 Saline soil	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	光滨藜 Atriplex laevis	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	湿草地 Wet grassland	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	异苞滨藜 Atriplex micrantha	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	中亚滨藜 Atriplex centralasiatica	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	角果藜 Ceratocarpus arenarius	地上下结实性 Amphicarpy	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Gao & Wei, 2007
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	盐生草 Halogeton glomeratus	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Yu, 2008
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	紫翅猪毛菜 Salsola affinis	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	砾质荒漠 Gravel desert	一年生植物 Annual	Wei et al., 2007
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	散枝猪毛菜 Salsola brachiata	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Wang et al., 2007
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	异子蓬 Suaeda aralocaspica	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	盐生荒漠 Salinized desert	一年生植物 Annual	Wang et al., 2008
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	盐渍土 Saline soil	一年生植物 Annual	Li et al., 2005
豆科 Fabaceae	三籽两型豆 Amphicarpaea edgeworthii	地上下结实性 Amphicarpy	林下或草地 Understory or grassland	一年生植物 Annual	Zhang et al., 2006

科名 Family	物种 Species	类型 Type	生境 Habitat	生活型 Life form	参考文献 Reference
菊科 Asteraceae	小疮菊 Garhadiolus papposus	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Qu, 2004; Sun et al., 2008
菊科 Asteraceae	异喙菊 Heteracia szovitsii	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Qu, 2004
十字花科 Brassicaceae	异果芥 Diptychocarpus strictus	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒地 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Wu & Tan, 2007
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	榆钱菠菜 Atriplex hortensis	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	农田 Cropland	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	野榆钱菠菜 Atriplex aucheri	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	戟叶滨藜 Atriplex prostrata	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	湿地 Wetland	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	滨藜 Atriplex patens	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	盐渍土 Saline soil	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	光滨藜 Atriplex laevis	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	湿草地 Wet grassland	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	异苞滨藜 Atriplex micrantha	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	中亚滨藜 Atriplex centralasiatica	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	He & Li, 1995
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	角果藜 Ceratocarpus arenarius	地上下结实性 Amphicarpy	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Gao & Wei, 2007
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	盐生草 Halogeton glomeratus	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Yu, 2008
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	紫翅猪毛菜 Salsola affinis	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	砾质荒漠 Gravel desert	一年生植物 Annual	Wei et al., 2007
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	散枝猪毛菜 Salsola brachiata	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	荒漠 Desert	一年生植物 Annual	Wang et al., 2007
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	异子蓬 Suaeda aralocaspica	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	盐生荒漠 Salinized desert	一年生植物 Annual	Wang et al., 2008
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	地上种子异型性 Heterodiaspory	盐渍土 Saline soil	一年生植物 Annual	Li et al., 2005
豆科 Fabaceae	三籽两型豆 Amphicarpaea edgeworthii	地上下结实性 Amphicarpy	林下或草地 Understory or grassland	一年生植物 Annual	Zhang et al., 2006