农林复合系统固碳潜力研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农林复合系统是解决当前资源枯竭、农林用地紧张和实现环境保护的一种可持续土壤管理模式。自《京都议定书》签订以来, 农林复合系统因其较高的固碳潜力引起了科学家的广泛关注。深入理解农林复合系统的固碳过程及其对气候变化、环境条件的改变和管理措施的响应, 是准确地预测农林复合系统在全球变化情景下固碳潜力的关键。该文综述了农林复合系统的概念和分类, 探讨了农林复合系统相比单一系统的固碳潜力及固碳机理, 分析了农林复合系统固碳潜力的测定方法和当前面临的挑战, 综述了气候因子、环境条件和人为管理措施对农林复合系统固碳潜力的影响。我国农林复合系统的固碳潜力相比全球其他区域还处于较低水平, 为提高我国农林复合系统的固碳潜力, 未来需要加强以下四个方面的工作: 扩大农林复合系统的分布面积、加强农林复合系统的合理配置和管理、选择适宜的物种组合和优化系统的群体结构。

关键词: 农林复合系统, 固碳潜力, 碳储量, 全球变化, 管理措施

Abstract:

Agroforestry is regarded as a sustainable land-use management due to its potential for solving the problem of resource deficiency, improving the livelihood of rural areas and reducing environmental degradation. Agroforestry has attracted considerable scientific attention since the Kyoto Protocol because it has relatively high potential for carbon sequestration. Comprehensively understanding the process of carbon sequestration in agroforestry and its response to climate change, environmental variation and management practices is essential for predicting the carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry under varying climate and land-use patterns. This paper first reviews the concept and classification of agroforestry and then proposes the mechanism of higher carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems compared with monocropping or monoculture pasture systems. Furthermore, the methods used for quantifying the carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry and the present challenges are discussed. Based on the systematic review of previous studies, the effects of climatic factors, environmental conditions and management practices on carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry are illustrated. The carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry is relatively low in China compared with other regions around the world. In order to improve the carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry, future studies should focus on enlarging the area of agroforestry, developing appropriate designs and management of agroforestry, selecting appropriate species composition and optimizing the multi-layer structure of agroforestry.

Key words: agroforestry, carbon sequestration potential, carbon stock, global change, management practices

平晓燕, 王铁梅, 卢欣石. 农林复合系统固碳潜力研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(1): 80-92. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00009

PING Xiao-Yan, WANG Tie-Mei, LU Xin-Shi. Review of advances in carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(1): 80-92. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00009

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00009

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I1/80

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	区域 Region	农林复合系统类型 Agroforestry type	固碳速率 Carbon sequestration rate (Mg C·hm^-2·a^-1)	估算时间 Calculation time (a)	分布面积 Distribution area (Mhm²)	固碳潜力 Carbon sequestration potential	参考文献 Reference
全球World		农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.72	50	585-1 215	1.2-2.2 Pg C?a^-1	Watson et al., 2000 Dixon, 1995
非洲 Africa	加纳 Ghana	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.34-2.32	38	2.5	0.85-5.8 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	喀麦隆 Cameroon	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.53-1.93	30	1.6	0.85-3.09 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	东非 East Africa	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.4-0.8	20-25			Luedeling et al., 2011
	南非 South Africa	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.5-1.2	6-25			Luedeling et al., 2011
	西非撒哈拉 West Africa Sahel	农林牧复合型Agrisilvicultural	0.4	50	27.87	11.15 Tg C?a^-1	Luedeling et al., 2011
		农林复合型 Agroforestry	4.17	10			Thangata & Hildebrand, 2012
		林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	0.22-0.4	50			Luedeling et al., 2011
南美洲 South America	墨西哥 Mexico	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.55	38	1.9	1.04 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	湿润热带低地 Humid tropical lowland	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.78-2.04	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
	干旱低地 Dry lowland	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.78-3.9	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
澳大利亚Australia	湿润热带低地 Humid tropical lowland	林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	0.56-1.02	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
北美洲 North America	湿润热带高地 Humid tropical highland	林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	2.68-3.08	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
	干旱低地 Dry lowland	林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	1.8-3.5	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
	美国 USA	植物篱 Alley cropping	3.4	10	80	272 Tg C?a^-1	Montagnini & Nair, 2004
		林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	6.1		77.7	474 Tg C?a^-1	Udawatta & Jose, 2011
		防风带型 Windbreaks	0.97	20	8.95	8.6 Tg C?a^-1	Montagnini & Nair, 2004
		河岸缓冲区 Riparian buffer	2.6	50	1.69	4.7 Tg C?a^-1	Montagnini & Nair, 2004
	加拿大 Canada	农林复合型 Agroforestry	16.10	13			Peichl et al., 2006
		农林复合型 Agroforestry	4.00	13			Peichl et al., 2006
亚洲 Asia	蒙古 Mongolia	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.33	30			Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	南亚和东南亚 South and southeast Asian	庭院复合型 Homegarden	8.0		8.0	64 Tg C?a^-1	Zomer et al., 2009
	中国 China	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.5	30	75.9	37.95 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	巴基斯坦 Pakistan	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.99	30	1.2	1.19 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	印度 India	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.85	30	96.0	81.3 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	印度 India	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.52-2.06	9			Yadava, 2010
	印度 India	林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	1.96	9			Yadava, 2010

	区域 Region	农林复合系统类型 Agroforestry type	固碳速率 Carbon sequestration rate (Mg C·hm^-2·a^-1)	估算时间 Calculation time (a)	分布面积 Distribution area (Mhm²)	固碳潜力 Carbon sequestration potential	参考文献 Reference
全球World		农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.72	50	585-1 215	1.2-2.2 Pg C?a^-1	Watson et al., 2000 Dixon, 1995
非洲 Africa	加纳 Ghana	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.34-2.32	38	2.5	0.85-5.8 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	喀麦隆 Cameroon	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.53-1.93	30	1.6	0.85-3.09 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	东非 East Africa	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.4-0.8	20-25			Luedeling et al., 2011
	南非 South Africa	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.5-1.2	6-25			Luedeling et al., 2011
	西非撒哈拉 West Africa Sahel	农林牧复合型Agrisilvicultural	0.4	50	27.87	11.15 Tg C?a^-1	Luedeling et al., 2011
		农林复合型 Agroforestry	4.17	10			Thangata & Hildebrand, 2012
		林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	0.22-0.4	50			Luedeling et al., 2011
南美洲 South America	墨西哥 Mexico	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.55	38	1.9	1.04 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	湿润热带低地 Humid tropical lowland	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.78-2.04	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
	干旱低地 Dry lowland	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.78-3.9	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
澳大利亚Australia	湿润热带低地 Humid tropical lowland	林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	0.56-1.02	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
北美洲 North America	湿润热带高地 Humid tropical highland	林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	2.68-3.08	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
	干旱低地 Dry lowland	林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	1.8-3.5	50			Albrecht & Kandji, 2003
	美国 USA	植物篱 Alley cropping	3.4	10	80	272 Tg C?a^-1	Montagnini & Nair, 2004
		林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	6.1		77.7	474 Tg C?a^-1	Udawatta & Jose, 2011
		防风带型 Windbreaks	0.97	20	8.95	8.6 Tg C?a^-1	Montagnini & Nair, 2004
		河岸缓冲区 Riparian buffer	2.6	50	1.69	4.7 Tg C?a^-1	Montagnini & Nair, 2004
	加拿大 Canada	农林复合型 Agroforestry	16.10	13			Peichl et al., 2006
		农林复合型 Agroforestry	4.00	13			Peichl et al., 2006
亚洲 Asia	蒙古 Mongolia	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.33	30			Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	南亚和东南亚 South and southeast Asian	庭院复合型 Homegarden	8.0		8.0	64 Tg C?a^-1	Zomer et al., 2009
	中国 China	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.5	30	75.9	37.95 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	巴基斯坦 Pakistan	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.99	30	1.2	1.19 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	印度 India	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.85	30	96.0	81.3 Tg C?a^-1	Sathaye & Ravindranath, 1998
	印度 India	农林复合型 Agroforestry	0.52-2.06	9			Yadava, 2010
	印度 India	林牧复合型 Silvopastoral	1.96	9			Yadava, 2010