甘南亚高山草甸围封地群落演替及植物光合生理特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0033

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解甘南亚高山草甸围封地恢复演替动态, 探究围封恢复进程中植物光合生理特征的变化规律及其影响因子, 对围封试验地内5个典型群落样地进行样方调查, 测定了各群落优势种及3个共有种的光合参数和叶性状参数, 并测定了群落表层土壤(0-20 cm)的水分含量及全氮含量。结果显示: 该围封地内形成一个以草本植物→半灌木→灌木的演替序列, 群落表层土壤含水量及全氮含量随着演替的进行逐渐增加; 在演替的时间尺度上, 各演替阶段优势种光合生理特征间存在明显差异, 随着演替的进行, 群落优势种的净光合速率(A_area)、光合水分利用效率(WUE)、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)呈降低趋势, 其叶片氮含量(N_mass)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)、比叶面积(SLA)随演替变化没有严格一致的规律, 而更多地表现为不同植物功能型之间的差异; 从演替前期到后期, 同种植物的A_area、SPAD值逐渐降低, 非豆科植物披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)、老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii)的PNUE、WUE随演替进行呈降低趋势, 其N_mass、SLA随演替进行却呈增加趋势, 然而豆科植物紫苜蓿(Medicago sativa)由于具有固氮能力, 受养分限制不明显, 这些光合生理特征值没有随演替发生明显的变化。这些结果表明, 在恢复演替过程中, 该围封地由一个物质获得能力强的群落向物质保持能力强的群落过渡, 土壤水分含量及全氮含量是推动这种过渡发生的主要因子。掌握围封地群落演替过程中的光合生理动态对于亚高寒退化草甸恢复具有一定的理论指导意义。

关键词: 功能群, 光合生理特征, 恢复, 演替, 资源利用效率

Abstract: Aims

A plant’s photosynthetic characteristics reflect its adaptive strategies to a given environment. Using pasture plants within enclosures representing communities at different stages of habitat restoration, our objective was to determine how photosynthetic characteristics vary between these different communities and what causes these differences in order to find the theoretical basis to foster rehabilitation of degraded grassland in sub-alpine meadows.

Methods

We predicated a succession sequence according to the species richness and the Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, the important values of the main species, and the biotype of five different communities. We measured several photosynthetic parameters including area-based leaf CO₂ assimilation rate (A_area), special leaf area (SLA), foliar nitrogen content based on mass (N_mass), photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), water-use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) of dominant species and three common species in each succession stage. Soil water content and total nitrogen of surface soil (0-20 cm) for each community were measured as well. One-way ANOVA was used to find the differences between dominant species, while principal components analysis (PCA) was used to reveal the variation in different communities for each measured parameter.

Important findings

Photosynthetic traits were different among dominant species and different succession communities. The A_area, WUE and SPAD of the dominant species decreased as succession progressed, but the N_mass, PNUE and SLA showed no consistent patterns related to succession; they varied between different functional groups. For each of the non-dominant species, the A_area and SPAD gradually decreased as succession proceeded from initial stage to climax stage. With succession, WUE and PNUE of the non-leguminous plants (Elymus dahuricus and Geranium wilfordii) decreased while SLA and N_mass increased. However, there were no obvious changes in these parameters for the leguminous plant (Medicago sativa). Soil water content and total nitrogen increased with succession, suggesting that water content and nitrogen are two important factors affecting variation of community photosynthetic characteristics in different stages of restoration succession.

Key words: functional group, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, restoration, succession, resource-use efficiency

陈世伟, 刘旻霞, 贾芸, 安琪, 安嫣菲. 甘南亚高山草甸围封地群落演替及植物光合生理特征. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(4): 343-351. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0033

CHEN Shi-Wei,LIU Min-Xia,JIA Yun,AN Qi,AN Yan-Fei. Community succession and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of pasture plants in a sub-alpine meadow in Gannan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(4): 343-351. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0033

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0033

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I4/343

图/表 7

表1 五个不同群落样地特征

Table 1 Characters of five different community plots

群落 Comm-unity	优势种及主要物种重要值 Important value of dominant and main species	丰富度 Richness	Shannon指数 Shannon indices
A	刺儿菜 Cirsium setosum (0.251)	20	3.55
	紫苜蓿 Medicago sativa (0.093)
	披碱草 Elymus dahuricus (0.054)
B	披碱草 Elymus dahuricus (0.429)	18	2.79
	刺儿菜 Cirsium setosum (0.069)
	二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca (0.060)
	紫苜蓿 Medicago sativa (0.055)
C	紫苜蓿 Medicago sativa (0.148)	32	4.00
	甘青蒿 Artemisia tangutica (0.068)
	老鹳草 Geranium wilfordii (0.047)
	披碱草 Elymus dahuricus (0.060)
	少花米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia verna (0.017)
D	沙蒿 Artemisia desertorum (0.140)	36	4.01
	羊茅 Festuca ovina (0.109)
	圆穗蓼 Polygonum macrophyllum (0.083)
	紫苜蓿 Medicago sativa (0.071)
	披碱草 Elymus dahuricus (0.056)
E	金露梅 Potentilla fruticosa (0.433)	40	4.15
	蕨麻 Potentilla anserina (0.060)
	披碱草 Elymus dahuricus (0.047)
	紫苜蓿 Medicago sativa (0.011)

表2 不同演替阶段优势种基于面积的CO2同化速率(Aarea)、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、基于质量的叶片氮含量(Nmass)及比叶面积(SLA) (平均值±标准偏差)

Table 2 Area-based leaf CO2 assimilation rate (Aarea), chlorophyll content (SPAD), foliar nitrogen content based on mass (Nmass) and specific leaf area (SLA) of dominant species at different succession stages (mean ± SD)

物种 Species	A_area (μmol CO₂m^-1·s^-1)	SPAD	N_mass (mg·g^-1)	SLA (cm²·g^-1)
刺儿菜 Cirsium setosum	15.25 ± 2.71^c	47.99 ± 2.36^e	18.14 ± 1.97^bcd	150.19 ± 5.48^a
披碱草 Elymus dahuricus	17.41 ± 0.64^c	39.69 ± 0.20^cd	11.52 ± 3.18^a	180.40 ± 4.88^ab
紫苜蓿 Medicago sativa	16.51 ± 2.95^c	50.96 ± 1.99^e	23.04 ± 1.77^de	241.35 ± 35.07^c
少花米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia verna	14.20 ± 1.48^bc	43.02 ± 1.97^d	26.23 ± 3.62^e	200.12 ± 10.21^bc
甘青蒿 Artemisia tangutica	13.52 ± 0.72^bc	30.75 ± 0.49^b	19.48 ± 2.66^cd	242.24 ± 15.87^c
老鹳草 Geranium wilfordii	16.06 ± 2.52^c	24.75 ± 1.72^a	15.43 ± 0.42^abc	165.20 ± 17.33^ab
圆穗蓼 Polygonum macrophyllum	10.40 ± 4.21^b	35.90 ± 5.62^c	13.19 ± 2.77^ab	194.10 ± 27.70^ab
沙蒿 Artemisia desertorum	13.30 ± 1.55^bc	35.48 ± 2.65^c	16.61 ± 3.09^abc	207.30 ± 31.33^bc
金露梅 Potentilla fruticosa	4.29 ± 0.92^a	27.10 ± 1.25^ab	18.82 ± 1.72^cd	203.66 ± 37.09^bc

图1 不同优势种资源利用效率(平均值±标准偏差)。CE,刺儿菜; GQ, 甘青蒿; JL, 金露梅; LG, 老鹳草; MD, 少花米口袋; MX, 紫苜蓿; PJ, 披碱草; QH, 圆穗蓼; SH, 沙蒿。不同小写字母表示同一测定指标差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Resource-use efficiency of different dominant species (mean ± SD). CE, Cirsium setosum; GQ, Artemisia tangutica; JL, Potentilla fruticosa; LG, Geranium wilfordii; MD, Gueldenstaedtia verna; MX, Medicago sativa; PJ, Elymus dahuricus; QH, Polygonum macrophyllum; SH, Artemisia desertorum. PNUE, photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency; WUE, water-use efficiency. Different letters in the same column are significantly different (p < 0.05).

表3 光合生理特征之间相关系数矩阵下半区

Table 3 The lowerpart of coefficient matrix among photosynthetic characteristics

光合生理特征指标 Photosynthetic physiological characteristics	基于面积的CO₂同化速率 A_area	基质质量的叶片氮含量 N_mass	光合氮利用效率 PNUE	叶绿素含量 SPAD	气孔导度 G_s	水分利用效率 WUE	比叶面积 SLA
基于面积的CO₂同化速率A_area	1
基于质量的叶片氮含量 N_mass	0.151	1
光合氮利用效率 PNUE	0.725^***	-0.436^**	1
叶绿素含量 SPAD	0.469^**	0.311	0.103	1
气孔导度 G_s	0.319^*	0.060	0.398^*	0.140	1
水分利用效率 WUE	0.712^***	-0.136	0.369^*	0.293	-0.314^*	1
比叶面积 SLA	-0.215	0.511^**	-0.105	0.133	0.092	-0.353^*	1

图2 9种植物光合生理特征主成分分析。CE,刺儿菜; GQ, 甘青蒿; JL, 金露梅; LG, 老鹳草; MD, 少花米口袋; MX, 紫苜蓿; PJ, 披碱草; QH, 圆穗蓼; SH, 沙蒿。

Fig. 2 Principal components (PC) analysis of photosynthetic physiological characteristics of nine different species. CE, Cirsium setosum; GQ, Artemisia tangutica; JL, Potentilla fruticosa; LG, Geranium wilfordii; MD, Gueldenstaedtia verna; MX, Medicago sativa; PJ, Elymus dahuricus; QH, Polygonum macrophyllum; SH, Artemisia desertorum.

图3 5个群落共有种光合生理特征的主成分分析。■, 老鹳草; ○, 紫苜蓿; △, 披碱草; A, 刺儿菜-甘青蒿群落; B, 披碱草-刺儿菜群落; C, 紫苜蓿-甘青蒿群落; D, 沙蒿-羊茅群落; E, 金露梅群落。

Fig. 3 Principal components (PC) analysis of photosynthetic physiological characteristics of common species in five communities. ■, Geranium wilfordii; ○, Medicago sativa; △, Elymus dahuricus; A, Cirsium setosum-Artemisia tangutica community; B, Elymus dahuricus-Cirsium setosum community; C, Medicago sativa-Artemisia tangutica community; D, Artemisia desertorum-Festuca ovina community; E, Potentilla fruticosa community.

图4 五个群落样地土壤水分与全氮含量(平均值±标准偏差)。A, 刺儿菜-甘青蒿群落; B, 披碱草-刺儿菜群落; C, 紫苜蓿-甘青蒿群落; D, 沙蒿-羊茅群落; E, 金露梅群落。不同大写字母表示土壤水分含量间的差异显著; 不同小写字母表示土壤全氮含量间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Soil water content and total nitrogen content (TN) of five different community plots (mean ± SD). A, Cirsium setosum-Artemisia tangutica community; B, Elymus dahuricus- Cirsium setosum community; C, Medicago sativa-Artemisia tangutica community; D, Artemisia desertorum-Festuca ovina community; E, Potentilla fruticosa community. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among soil water contents; different small letters indicate significant differences among soil total nitrogen contents (p < 0.05).

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