帽儿山17个种源落叶松针叶的水分利用效率比较

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究环境变化下的树木水分利用效率对探讨森林生态系统碳水耦联关系及其对气候变化的响应和适应对策具有重要意义。落叶松(Larix gmelinii)为我国北方森林的建群种之一。将水热条件不同的17个种源落叶松种植在帽儿山森林生态系统研究站的同质园内30年后, 测定其针叶水分利用效率(WUE)及其相关因子。结果表明: WUE、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶片氮含量(N_L)均存在显著的种源差异(p < 0.05)。WUE和G_s呈显著指数相关关系, 当G_s< 0.2时WUE随G_s的增大而明显增大, 而当G_s> 0.2时WUE趋于稳定。WUE和SLA及N_L分别呈线性负相关和正相关关系, 且随种源原地的干燥度指数(AI)的增大其相关性明显增强。WUE和种源原地年平均气温、平均年降水量及AI分别呈线性负相关、负相关和正相关关系, 并且相关系数依次增大; T_r则仅和种源原地年平均气温呈线性正相关关系, 而P_n和种源原地AI呈线性正相关关系。不同种源落叶松由于对种源原地环境条件的适应而存在针叶结构和生理特征的显著差异, 并因此引起针叶水分利用效率的差异。

关键词: 落叶松, 水分利用效率, 光合生理, 干燥度指数, 气候变化

Abstract: Aims

Investigating tree water use efficiency (WUE) is important for understanding the coupling of carbon and water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems and its responses and adaptation to climatic change. Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii), the dominant tree species in the Chinese boreal forest, plays an important role in the regional carbon budget. In this study, we measured the foliar WUE and associated physiological parameters of 30-year-old Dahurian larch trees from 17 provenances with divergent climatic conditions in a common garden. Our specific aims were to compare differences in WUE among the provenances and explore whether the observed differences are attributed to potential adaptation or acclimation to local habitats.

Methods

We have measured net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), and leaf nitrogen concentration (N_L) of three replicate trees per provenance from mid June to mid September of 2010. WUE was calculated as the ratio of P_n to T_r. Specific leaf area (SLA) was calculated as one-side projected leaf area divided by the leaf dry mass. The aridity index (AI) of each provenance was calculated as the ratio of mean annual evaporation to mean annual precipitation.

Important findings

WUE, P_n, G_s, T_r, SLA and N_L all differed significantly among the provenances. WUE showed a significant exponential relationship with G_s. WUE increased significantly with the increase of G_s when the G_s was less than 0.2, and was relatively stable when the G_s was greater than 0.2. WUE was significantly and positively correlated with N_L, but negatively with SLA. The degree of these correlations increased with increasing AI values of the tree origins. WUE was negatively correlated with the mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation of the tree origins, but positively correlated with the AI of the tree origins. T_r and P_n were positively correlated with both mean annual temperature and AI of the tree origins, these results suggest that the trees may adapt to the local climatic conditions of their origins, which results in the significant difference in the needle morphological and physiological properties, and thus WUE among the provenances of Dahurian larch trees.

Key words: Larix gmelinii, water use efficiency, photosynthetic physiology, aridity index, climatic change

全先奎, 王传宽. 帽儿山17个种源落叶松针叶的水分利用效率比较. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(4): 352-361. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0034

QUAN Xian-Kui,WANG Chuan-Kuan. Comparison of foliar water use efficiency among 17 provenances of Larix gmelinii in the Mao’ershan area. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(4): 352-361. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0034

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0034

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I4/352

图/表 4

表1 落叶松17个种源原地的地理和气候条件

Table 1 The geographic and climatic conditions of the origins of the 17 provenances of Larix gmelinii

种源 Provenance	代码 Code	纬度Latitude (N)	经度Longitude (E)	年平均气温 MAT (℃)	平均年降水量 MAP (mm)	平均年蒸发量 MAE (mm)	干燥度 AI	≥10 ℃积温CT (℃)	相对湿度 RH (%)
友好 Youhao	1	47.80°	128.83°	-1.05	622.0	955.8	1.54	2 147.2	78
乌伊岭 Wuyiling	2	48.67°	129.42°	-1.19	584.6	1 038.0	1.78	1 851.2	73
新林 Xinlin	3	51.70°	124.33°	-3.35	507.3	912.0	1.80	1 535.3	69
桦皮窑 Huapiyao	4	50.70°	126.72°	-1.50	539.0	1 100.0	2.04	1 900.0	68
三站 Sanzhan	5	49.62°	126.80°	-1.30	527.2	1 076.0	2.04	1 650.0	70
十八站 Shibazhan	6	52.42°	125.27°	-2.03	480.0	999.1	2.08	1 680.0	70
沾河 Zhanhe	7	48.45°	126.50°	0.12	501.7	1 057.0	2.11	2 442.3	70
塔河 Tahe	8	52.32°	124.72°	-2.74	487.9	1 028.0	2.11	1 671.4	68
莫尔道嘎 Moerdaoga	9	51.25°	120.58°	-4.50	471.0	999.4	2.12	1 485.0	70
甘河 Ganhe	10	50.58°	123.22°	-2.50	470.0	1 059.0	2.25	1 616.8	68
根河 Genhe	11	50.68°	121.95°	-5.00	436.3	991.4	2.27	1 297.6	70
鹤北 Hebei	12	47.55°	130.42°	1.85	530.0	1 235.0	2.33	2 456.0	74
满归 Mangui	13	52.05°	122.18°	-5.83	466.0	1 100.0	2.36	1 550.0	72
绰尔 Chuoer	14	48.17°	121.25°	-3.40	462.3	1 122.0	2.43	1 238.4	70
库都尔 Kuerdu	15	49.78°	121.88°	-4.00	500.0	1 280.0	2.56	1 739.5	67
阿尔山 Aershan	16	47.17°	119.95°	-3.30	425.1	1 100.0	2.59	1 354.3	70
中央站 Zhongyangzhan	17	50.75°	125.20°	-2.20	484.4	1 387.0	2.86	1 780.0	69

图1 落叶松针叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、气孔导度(Gs)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶氮含量(NL)的种源比较(平均值±标准误差, n = 9)。不同字母表示种源间差异显著(p < 0.05)。种源代码同表1。

Fig. 1 Comparisons of foliar net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (Gs), special leaf area (SLA), and leaf nitrogen concentration (NL) of Larix gmelinii trees originating from 17 provenances (mean ± SE, n = 9). Different letters indicate significant differences among provenances (p < 0.05). Provenance codes see Table 1.

图2 不同干燥度指数(AI)范围内落叶松针叶水分利用效率(WUE)和气孔导度(Gs)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶氮含量(NL)间关系。

Fig. 2 Relationships between foliar water use efficiency (WUE) and stomatal conductance (Gs), special leaf area (SLA), and leaf nitrogen concentration (NL) for the Larix gmelinii trees within different groups of the aridity index (AI).

图3 落叶松针叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及水分利用效率(WUE)与种源原地年平均气温(MAT)、平均年降水量(MAP)及干燥度指数(AI)关系。

Fig. 3 Foliar water use efficiency (WUE), transpiration rate (Tr), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) for 17 Larix gmelinii provenances in relation to mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and aridity index (AI) of the origins.

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