城市河道绿带宽度对空气温湿度的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以北京市北五环清河旁侧8段不同宽度的绿带为研究对象, 分别对样地和对照样地的气温和相对湿度进行同步测定, 每2 h测定一次, 每个季节连续测定7天。结果显示: 绿带在春、夏、秋季具有增湿降温效应, 并且此效应随着绿带宽度的增加而不断增强, 夏季的增湿降温效应最强, 春、秋季节的增湿降温效应差别不大; 绿带在冬季具有保温增湿效应, 随着绿带宽度的增加, 保温效应不断增强, 增湿效应不断减弱。四季中, 绿带温湿度变化受环境温度的影响较大, 在一天中的14:00-16:00时段, 春、夏、秋季增湿降温效应最强; 在此时段冬季的保温效应最弱, 增湿效应最强。

关键词: 四季, 相对湿度, 河流廊道, 温度, 宽度

Abstract:

Aims Our purpose is to provide a scientific basis for the construction of urban river corridors. We analyzed the effects of different widths of urban river greenbelts on air temperature and humidity.
Methods We studied eight greenbelts with different widths along the fifth ring in Beijing, China during one year. We measured air temperature and relative humidity of the greenbelts near the river and at a control location every two hours from 8:00 to 18:00 for seven continuous days in each season.
Important findings The greenbelt width affected the decrease of temperature and increase of humidity in spring, summer and autumn, and the effect increased with greater width. The effect was strongest on temperature and humidity in summer, and there was little difference between spring and autumn. The greenbelt affects the increase of temperature and decrease of humidity in summer. The temperature effect increased and the humidity effect decreased with greater width. The effects of different greenbelt widths on temperature and humidity were related to ambient temperature. It is greatest during the time that temperature was highest (14:00-16:00). The effect of greenbelt width on the decrease of temperature and increase of humidity was strongest in spring, summer and autumn, while the effect on the increase of temperature was weakest and decrease of humidity was strongest in winter.

Key words: four seasons, relative humidity, river corridor, temperature, width

纪鹏, 朱春阳, 李树华. 城市河道绿带宽度对空气温湿度的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(1): 37-44. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00004

JI Peng, ZHU Chun-Yang, LI Shu-Hua. Effects of greenbelt width on air temperature and humidity in urban river corridors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(1): 37-44. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00004

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00004

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I1/37

图/表 17

表1 8块样地的基本资料

Table 1 Basic information of eight sampling plots

样地编号 Number of plot	样地宽度 Width of plot (m)	样地植物构成 Plant constitution of plot	种植密度 Planting density (plants·m^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density (%)
1	8	槐、连翘 Sophora japonica and Forsythia suspensa	0.087	50-60
2	15	槐、圆柏、迎春花 Sophora japonica, Sabina chinensis and Jasminum nudiflorum	0.045	50-60
3	24	槐、圆柏、连翘 Sophora japonica, Sabina chinensis and Forsythia suspensa	0.044	50-60
4	35	油松、刺柏、绦柳、木槿 Pinus tabulaeformis, Juniperus formosana, Salix matsudana ‘Pendula’ and Hibiscus syriacus	0.045	50-60
5	45	油松、槐、金银忍冬 Pinus tabulaeformis, Sophora japonica and Lonicera maackii	0.045	50-60
6	53	绦柳、油松、槐、连翘 Salix matsudana ‘Pendula’, Pinus tabulaeformis, Sophora japonica and Forsythia suspensa	0.044	50-60
7	64	槐、白蜡树、玉兰、锦带花 Sophora japonica, Fraxinus chinensis, Magnolia denudata and Weigela florida	0.045	50-60
8	77	银杏、油松、槐、华北珍珠梅 Ginkgo biloba, Pinus tabulaeformis, Sophora japonica and Sorbaria kirilowii	0.045	50-60

图1 春、夏、秋、冬四季8:00-10:00时段绿带与对照样地平均气温差值的比较。

Fig. 1 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 8:00-10:00 within four seasons.

图2 春、夏、秋、冬四季10:00-12:00时段绿带与对照样地平均气温差值的比较。

Fig. 2 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 10:00-12:00 within four seasons.

图3 春、夏、秋、冬四季12:00-14:00时段绿带与对照样地平均气温差值的比较。

Fig. 3 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 12:00-14:00 within four seasons.

图4 春、夏、秋、冬四季14:00-16:00时段绿带与对照样地平均气温差值的比较。

Fig. 4 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 14:00-16:00 within four seasons.

图5 春、夏、秋、冬四季16:00-18:00时段绿带与对照样地平均气温差值的比较。

Fig. 5 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 14:00-16:00 within four seasons.

图6 春、夏、秋、冬四季8:00-10:00时段绿带与对照样地平均相对湿度差值的比较。

Fig. 6 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 8:00-10:00 within four seasons.

图7 春、夏、秋、冬四季10:00-12:00时段绿带与对照样地平均相对湿度差值的比较。

Fig. 7 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 10:00-12:00 within four seasons.

图8 春、夏、秋、冬四季12:00-14:00时段绿带与对照样地平均相对湿度差值的比较。

Fig. 8 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 12:00-14:00 within four seasons.

图9 春、夏、秋、冬四季14:00-16:00时段绿带与对照样地平均相对湿度差值的比较。

Fig. 9 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 14:00-16:00 within four seasons.

图10 春、夏、秋、冬四季16:00-18:00时段绿带与对照样地平均相对湿度差值的比较。

Fig. 10 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 16:00-18:00 within four seasons.

图11 春、夏、秋、冬四季绿带与对照样地3日平均气温值差异比较。

Fig. 11 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control in three days in four seasons.

图12 春、夏、秋、冬四季绿带与对照样地3日平均空气相对湿度值差异比较。

Fig. 12 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control in three days in four seasons.

表2 季节主效应关于气温的多重比较

Table 2 Multiple comparison of season main effect about air temperature

样地编号 No. of plot	样本数 Sample number	气温 Air temperature (℃)
1	12	-0.262 5^c
2	12	-0.368 3^c
3	12	-0.463 3^c
4	12	-0.574 2^bc
5	12	-0.920 0^ab
6	12	-0.979 2^a
7	12	-1.050 0^a
8	12	-1.120 0^a

表3 绿带宽度主效应关于气温的多重比较

Table 3 Multiple comparison of greenbelt width main effect about air temperature

季节 Season	样本数 Sample number	气温 Air temperature ( ℃)
夏季 Summer	24	-1.297 1^a
春季 Spring	24	-1.003 3^b
秋季 Autumn	24	-0.920 0^b
冬季 Winter	24	0.351 7^c

表4 季节主效应关于相对湿度的多重比较

Table 4 Multiple comparison of season main effect about relative humidity

样地编号 No. of plot	样本数 Sample number	相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)
1	12	1.686 7^a
2	12	2.123 3^ab
3	12	2.260 0^ab
4	12	2.843 3^b
5	12	4.100 0^c
6	12	4.383 3^c
7	12	4.466 7^c
8	12	4.725 0^c

表5 绿带宽度主效应关于相对湿度的多重比较

Table 5 Multiple comparison of greenbelt width main effect about relative humidity

季节 Season	样本数 Sample number	相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)
冬季 Winter	24	1.190 8^a
春季 Spring	24	3.460 8^b
秋季 Autumn	24	4.020 8^bc
夏季 Summer	24	4.621 7^c

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