养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物钠猪毛菜功能性状的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00012

植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 134-146.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00012

所属专题：植物功能性状

养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物钠猪毛菜功能性状的影响

赵新风¹, 徐海量¹^,²^,^*(), 张鹏¹, 张青青³

¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011
²新疆生态与地理研究所阿克苏水平衡试验站, 新疆阿拉尔 843300
³新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2013-01-11 接受日期:2013-06-17 出版日期:2014-01-11 发布日期:2014-02-12
通讯作者: 徐海量
作者简介:* (E-mail: xuhl@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421102);家自然科学基金(41101534);家自然科学基金(41171427)

Influence of nutrient and water additions on functional traits of Salsola nitraria in desert grassland

ZHAO Xin-Feng¹, XU Hai-Liang¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Peng¹, ZHANG Qing-Qing³

¹Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China
²Aksu Water Balancing Test Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aral, Xinjiang 843300, China
³College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, ürümqi 830052, China

Received:2013-01-11 Accepted:2013-06-17 Online:2014-01-11 Published:2014-02-12
Contact: XU Hai-Liang
About author:* (E-mail: xuhl@ms.xjb.ac.cn)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析水分与养分添加对植物功能性状的影响, 对揭示植物对环境变化的响应和适应规律至关重要。该文通过施氮与增水(包括增雨、增雪)共6种处理(对照(N₀W₀)、雨添加(N₀W₁)、雪添加(N₀W₂)、氮添加(N₁W₀)、氮雨添加(N₁W₁)、氮雪添加(N₁W₂)), 对荒漠草地进行氮肥添加、水分添加的实验。实验持续了3年, 第4年以荒漠草地建群种植物钠猪毛菜(Salsola nitraria)植物功能性状为研究对象, 量化分析了钠猪毛菜10种植物功能性状对氮素和水分添加的不同响应。得出以下结论: (1)双因素方差分析结果表明, 施氮、增水的交互作用对钠猪毛菜的茎鲜质量、叶鲜质量、叶面积、比叶面积、叶饱和含水量、叶干物质含量存在显著影响(p < 0.05), 而施氮主效应对钠猪毛菜各植物功能性状指标不存在显著影响、增水主效应对钠猪毛菜各植物功能性状指标不存在显著影响。(2)在钠猪毛菜10种植物功能性状指标中, 株高、茎鲜质量、茎干质量、叶饱和鲜质量、叶干质量、叶面积、比叶面积的最大值均出现于N₁W₂处理中(p < 0.05), 其次为N₀W₀处理。叶饱和含水量的最大值出现于N₀W₀中, 其次为N₁W₂处理中。N₁W₀处理显著降低了叶饱和含水量(p < 0.05); 叶干物质含量值在各处理下均高于N₀W₀, 其中N₀W₁处理的叶干物质含量显著高于N₀W₀ (p < 0.05)。(3)各处理下, 叶干物质含量与比叶面积为负相关关系。在准噶尔荒漠草地, 钠猪毛菜植物功能性状在不同处理下的不同表现是适应环境变化的结果。

null

关键词: 荒漠草地, 氮添加, 植物功能性状, 水分添加

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to better understand the response of plant functional traits of Salsola nitraria to environmental change, such as global climate change and nutrient addition, in desert grassland.
Methods We conducted field experiments of moisture and nutrient additions for three years (2009-2011) in a desert grassland of northwest Xinjiang in China. We investigated plant functional traits of S. nitraria and in the fourth year (2012) measured plant height, stem fresh mass, stem dry mass, leaf fresh mass, leaf dry mass, etc. under different treatments of nutrient and water additions.
Important findings The combination of fertilizer and moisture had a significant influence on stem fresh mass, leaf fresh mass, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf saturated water content, and leaf dry matter content (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05), while the effect of either fertilizer or moisture alone was not significant. None of the treatment effects on plant height were significant. The maximum values of plant height, stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, leaf saturated fresh weight, leaf dry weight, leaf area, and specific leaf area appeared in the snow and fertilizer additions (N₁W₂), and the second highest was in the control (N₀W₀). Maximum leaf saturated water content was observed in the control (N₀W₀), and the second highest appeared in the snow and fertilizer additions (N₁W₂). The fertilizer addition (N₁W₀) could significantly decrease the level of leaf saturated water content. In all of the treatments, leaf dry matter content was higher than that under the control, and among them, the rain addition (N₀W₂) significantly increased leaf dry matter content. In the control, there were many significant negative correlations between leaf dry matter content and other functional traits and many significant positive correlations between different functional traits. After the fertilizer and/or moisture addition, the correlation coefficient was reduced. In desert grassland of the Junggar Basin, the different performance of S. nitraria under different treatments was the result of plant adaptations to environmental changes.

Key words: desert grassland, nitrogen addition, plant functional trait, water addition

赵新风, 徐海量, 张鹏, 张青青. 养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物钠猪毛菜功能性状的影响. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2): 134-146. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00012

ZHAO Xin-Feng, XU Hai-Liang, ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Qing-Qing. Influence of nutrient and water additions on functional traits of Salsola nitraria in desert grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(2): 134-146. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00012

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图/表 5

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		水分 Water	养分 Fertilizer	水分×养分 Water × fertilizer
株高 Plant height (cm)	F	1.19	0.85	1.91
株高 Plant height (cm)	p	0.46	0.45	0.16
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	F	0.33	0.28	1.33
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	p	0.75	0.65	0.27
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass (g)	F	0.61	0.58	4.22
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass (g)	p	0.62	0.53	0.02^*
茎干质量 Stem dry mass ( g)	F	0.83	0.27	1.76
茎干质量 Stem dry mass ( g)	p	0.55	0.65	0.18
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass (g)	F	0.37	0.00	5.83
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass (g)	p	0.73	0.97	0.00^**
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass (g)	F	1.23	0.10	2.66
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass (g)	p	0.45	0.78	0.08
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	F	0.45	0.08	5.34
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	p	0.69	0.81	0.01^*
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²·g^-1)	F	0.33	0.10	4.99
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²·g^-1)	p	0.75	0.78	0.01^*
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content (%)	F	0.23	0.04	4.14
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content (%)	p	0.81	0.86	0.02^*
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg·g^-1)	F	0.02	0.01	3.95
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg·g^-1)	p	0.98	0.93	0.02^*

		水分 Water	养分 Fertilizer	水分×养分 Water × fertilizer
株高 Plant height (cm)	F	1.19	0.85	1.91
株高 Plant height (cm)	p	0.46	0.45	0.16
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	F	0.33	0.28	1.33
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	p	0.75	0.65	0.27
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass (g)	F	0.61	0.58	4.22
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass (g)	p	0.62	0.53	0.02^*
茎干质量 Stem dry mass ( g)	F	0.83	0.27	1.76
茎干质量 Stem dry mass ( g)	p	0.55	0.65	0.18
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass (g)	F	0.37	0.00	5.83
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass (g)	p	0.73	0.97	0.00^**
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass (g)	F	1.23	0.10	2.66
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass (g)	p	0.45	0.78	0.08
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	F	0.45	0.08	5.34
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	p	0.69	0.81	0.01^*
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²·g^-1)	F	0.33	0.10	4.99
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²·g^-1)	p	0.75	0.78	0.01^*
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content (%)	F	0.23	0.04	4.14
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content (%)	p	0.81	0.86	0.02^*
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg·g^-1)	F	0.02	0.01	3.95
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (mg·g^-1)	p	0.98	0.93	0.02^*

	株高 Plant height	营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	茎鲜质量 Stem fresh weight	茎干质量 Stem dry weight	叶饱和鲜重 Leaf saturated fresh weight	叶干质量 Leaf dry weight	叶面积Leaf area	叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content
对照CK (N₀W₀)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	-0.225
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.852^**	0.057
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.675^*	0.142	0.908^**
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.835^**	-0.021	0.868^**	0.836^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.891^**	0.525	0.975^**	0.834^**	0.852^**
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.946^**	0.624	0.926^**	0.874^*	0.912^**	0.966^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.845^**	0.147	0.985^**	0.881^**	0.850^**	0.988^**	0.930^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	0.071	0.552	0.580	0.633	0.289	0.468	0.257	0.587
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.258	-0.326	-0.156	-0.240	-0.111	-0.068	0.152	-0.160	-0.993^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.759^*	0.740	0.980^**	0.974^**	0.831^*	0.955^**	0.854^*	0.981^**	0.668	-0.335
雨添加 Water addition (N₀W₁)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	0.703^*
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.333	0.492
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.336	0.602^*	0.759^**
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.309	0.617^*	0.505	0.753^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.268	0.433	0.960^**	0.592^*	0.436
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.219	0.407	0.855^**	0.524	0.557	0.905^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.389	0.473	0.945^**	0.683^*	0.580^*	0.956^**	0.860^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	0.021	0.017	0.222	0.094	-0.329	0.208	-0.203	0.152
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	-0.062	-0.108	-0.313	-0.166	0.246	-0.314	0.113	-0.285	-0.957^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.207	0.227	0.631^*	0.395	0.099	0.641^*	0.300	0.624^*	0.833^**	-0.827^**
雪添加 Snow addition (N₀W₂)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	-0.341
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.318	0.400
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.330	0.406	0.597^*
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.301	0.347	0.316	0.724^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.257	0.353	0.799^**	0.407	0.377
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.436	0.103	0.701^*	0.383	0.489	0.866^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.433	0.311	0.831^**	0.565	0.394	0.901^**	0.852^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	-0.242	0.473	0.424	0.187	-0.065	0.533	0.047	0.358
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.187	-0.373	-0.426	-0.121	0.106	-0.546	-0.076	-0.361	-0.974^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.296	0.433	0.825^**	0.559	0.292	0.891^**	0.652^*	0.919^**	0.685^*	-0.671^*
N添加 N addition (N₁W₀)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	0.182
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.705^*	0.486
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.001	0.439	0.288
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	-0.001	0.370	0.224	0.976^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.647^*	0.440	0.946^**	0.346	0.267
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.596^*	0.186	0.583^*	0.218	0.207	0.719^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.705^*	0.360	0.943^**	0.033	-0.027	0.899^**	0.548
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	0.062	0.416	0.529	0.303	0.236	0.416	-0.288	0.476
	株高 Plant height	营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	茎鲜质量 Stem fresh weight	茎干质量 Stem dry weight	叶饱和鲜重 Leaf saturated fresh weight	叶干质量 Leaf dry weight	叶面积Leaf area	叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	-0.153	-0.361	-0.505	-0.298	-0.259	-0.408	0.295	-0.476	-0.949^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.556	0.381	0.916^**	0.016	-0.059	0.831^**	0.329	0.949^**	0.680^*	-0.638^*
N、雨添加 N and water addition (N₁W₁)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	-0.210
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.030	0.618^*
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.050	0.493	0.878^**
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.154	0.302	0.758^**	0.933^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.203	0.567	0.950^**	0.780^**	0.711^**
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.060	0.344	0.801^**	0.736^**	0.795^**	0.838^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.257	0.452	0.883^**	0.800^**	0.795^**	0.954^**	0.880^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	-0.456	0.026	0.342	0.459	0.386	0.140	0.102	0.121
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.473	-0.084	-0.454	-0.511	-0.469	-0.279	-0.272	-0.254	-0.939^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.001	0.369	0.897^**	0.900^**	0.857^**	0.831^**	0.850^**	0.867^**	0.504	-0.576^*
N、雪添加 N and snow addition (N₁W₂)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	-0.729^**
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.374	0.024
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.295	-0.044	0.816^**
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.301	-0.073	0.423	0.796^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.368	0.154	0.874^**	0.483	0.109
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.215	0.402	0.706^*	0.325	0.062	0.888^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.369	0.033	0.973^**	0.707^*	0.283	0.905^**	0.761^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	0.142	-0.028	0.724^**	0.734^**	0.336	0.499	0.223	0.683^*
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	-0.117	0.061	-0.643^*	-0.598^*	-0.176	-0.452	-0.170	-0.625^*	-0.976^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.247	-0.198	0.696^*	0.869^**	0.618^*	0.313	0.108	0.645^*	0.826^**	-0.760^**

	株高 Plant height	营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	茎鲜质量 Stem fresh weight	茎干质量 Stem dry weight	叶饱和鲜重 Leaf saturated fresh weight	叶干质量 Leaf dry weight	叶面积Leaf area	叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content
对照CK (N₀W₀)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	-0.225
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.852^**	0.057
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.675^*	0.142	0.908^**
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.835^**	-0.021	0.868^**	0.836^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.891^**	0.525	0.975^**	0.834^**	0.852^**
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.946^**	0.624	0.926^**	0.874^*	0.912^**	0.966^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.845^**	0.147	0.985^**	0.881^**	0.850^**	0.988^**	0.930^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	0.071	0.552	0.580	0.633	0.289	0.468	0.257	0.587
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.258	-0.326	-0.156	-0.240	-0.111	-0.068	0.152	-0.160	-0.993^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.759^*	0.740	0.980^**	0.974^**	0.831^*	0.955^**	0.854^*	0.981^**	0.668	-0.335
雨添加 Water addition (N₀W₁)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	0.703^*
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.333	0.492
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.336	0.602^*	0.759^**
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.309	0.617^*	0.505	0.753^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.268	0.433	0.960^**	0.592^*	0.436
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.219	0.407	0.855^**	0.524	0.557	0.905^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.389	0.473	0.945^**	0.683^*	0.580^*	0.956^**	0.860^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	0.021	0.017	0.222	0.094	-0.329	0.208	-0.203	0.152
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	-0.062	-0.108	-0.313	-0.166	0.246	-0.314	0.113	-0.285	-0.957^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.207	0.227	0.631^*	0.395	0.099	0.641^*	0.300	0.624^*	0.833^**	-0.827^**
雪添加 Snow addition (N₀W₂)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	-0.341
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.318	0.400
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.330	0.406	0.597^*
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.301	0.347	0.316	0.724^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.257	0.353	0.799^**	0.407	0.377
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.436	0.103	0.701^*	0.383	0.489	0.866^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.433	0.311	0.831^**	0.565	0.394	0.901^**	0.852^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	-0.242	0.473	0.424	0.187	-0.065	0.533	0.047	0.358
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.187	-0.373	-0.426	-0.121	0.106	-0.546	-0.076	-0.361	-0.974^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.296	0.433	0.825^**	0.559	0.292	0.891^**	0.652^*	0.919^**	0.685^*	-0.671^*
N添加 N addition (N₁W₀)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	0.182
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.705^*	0.486
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.001	0.439	0.288
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	-0.001	0.370	0.224	0.976^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.647^*	0.440	0.946^**	0.346	0.267
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.596^*	0.186	0.583^*	0.218	0.207	0.719^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.705^*	0.360	0.943^**	0.033	-0.027	0.899^**	0.548
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	0.062	0.416	0.529	0.303	0.236	0.416	-0.288	0.476
	株高 Plant height	营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	茎鲜质量 Stem fresh weight	茎干质量 Stem dry weight	叶饱和鲜重 Leaf saturated fresh weight	叶干质量 Leaf dry weight	叶面积Leaf area	叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	-0.153	-0.361	-0.505	-0.298	-0.259	-0.408	0.295	-0.476	-0.949^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.556	0.381	0.916^**	0.016	-0.059	0.831^**	0.329	0.949^**	0.680^*	-0.638^*
N、雨添加 N and water addition (N₁W₁)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	-0.210
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.030	0.618^*
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.050	0.493	0.878^**
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.154	0.302	0.758^**	0.933^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.203	0.567	0.950^**	0.780^**	0.711^**
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.060	0.344	0.801^**	0.736^**	0.795^**	0.838^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.257	0.452	0.883^**	0.800^**	0.795^**	0.954^**	0.880^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	-0.456	0.026	0.342	0.459	0.386	0.140	0.102	0.121
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	0.473	-0.084	-0.454	-0.511	-0.469	-0.279	-0.272	-0.254	-0.939^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.001	0.369	0.897^**	0.900^**	0.857^**	0.831^**	0.850^**	0.867^**	0.504	-0.576^*
N、雪添加 N and snow addition (N₁W₂)
营养枝数 Number of vegetative branch	-0.729^**
植物鲜质量 Plant fresh mass	0.374	0.024
茎鲜质量 Stem fresh mass	0.295	-0.044	0.816^**
茎干质量 Stem dry mass	0.301	-0.073	0.423	0.796^**
叶饱和鲜质量 Leaf saturated fresh mass	0.368	0.154	0.874^**	0.483	0.109
叶干质量 Leaf dry mass	0.215	0.402	0.706^*	0.325	0.062	0.888^**
叶面积 Leaf area	0.369	0.033	0.973^**	0.707^*	0.283	0.905^**	0.761^**
叶饱和含水量 Leaf saturated water content	0.142	-0.028	0.724^**	0.734^**	0.336	0.499	0.223	0.683^*
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	-0.117	0.061	-0.643^*	-0.598^*	-0.176	-0.452	-0.170	-0.625^*	-0.976^**
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.247	-0.198	0.696^*	0.869^**	0.618^*	0.313	0.108	0.645^*	0.826^**	-0.760^**

养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物钠猪毛菜功能性状的影响

Influence of nutrient and water additions on functional traits of Salsola nitraria in desert grassland

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样地编号 Plot No.	区 Zone	处理 Treatment	区 Zone	处理 Treatment	区 Zone	处理 Treatment
1	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
2	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
3	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
4	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
5	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
6	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
7	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
8	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
9	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
10	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
11	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
12	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
13	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
14	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
15	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
16	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
17	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂
18	A	N₁W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₁W₂
19	A	N₁W₀	C	N₁W₁	D	N₁W₂
20	A	N₀W₀	C	N₀W₁	D	N₀W₂

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