樟树幼苗机械损伤叶片对挥发性有机化合物及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00671

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨植物在机械损伤后C₆-C₁₀醛类化合物的释放机理, 及C₆-C₁₀醛类化合物对叶片光系统II (PSII)的影响, 以樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)为材料, 采用动态顶空气体循环法和热脱附/气相色谱/质谱联用技术(TDS-GC-MS), 对樟树幼苗叶片损伤后释放的C₆-C₁₀醛类化合物进行采集与分析, 并同步测定了脂氧合酶活性和损伤叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数。结果表明: 樟树幼苗叶片损伤后, 其挥发性有机化合物中己醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛和癸醛的释放量比损伤前分别增加了2.47、0.99、1.34、0.91和28.38倍(p < 0.01); 同时新增4种醛类化合物, 分别是: 2-己烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛和(E)-2-壬烯醛。脂氧合酶活性比损伤前增加1.2倍(p < 0.01)。PSII单位反应中心复合体吸收的能量和被核心捕获的能量分别比损伤前下降12.8%和9.8% (p < 0.01)。单位面积反应中心的数量、电子传递量子产额、捕获激子能导致电子传递效率和叶片性能指数分别比损伤前增加23.3%、24.4%、22.6%和82.7% (p < 0.01)。损伤24 h后, 醛类化合物的种类、释放量、脂氧合酶活性及叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数基本恢复到损伤前水平。说明机械损伤使PSII供体侧受损、脂氧合酶活性升高, 致使C₆-C₁₀醛类化合物大量释放, 樟树幼苗通过增加单位面积反应中心的数量来提高光合效率应对胁迫。

关键词: 醛类化合物, 叶绿素荧光, 樟树, 机械损伤, 热脱附/气相色谱/质谱联用技术(TDS-GC-MS)

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to reveal the mechanism of the effects of mechanical damage of leaves on emission of C₆-C₁₀aldehydes and the variation of PSII in Cinnamomum camphora leaves.

Methods We analyzed the composition and content of the C₆-C₁₀ aldehydes in seedlings of damaged C. camphora by the dynamic headspace air-circulation method and thermal desorption system/gas chromatography/mass spectrum (TDS-GC-MS), measured the activity of lipoxygenases (LOX) in leaves after mechanical damage, and investigated the effects of mechanical damage of leaves on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters.

Important findings Results showed that the emissions of hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal and decanal were increased by 2.47, 0.99, 1.34, 0.91 and 28.38 (p < 0.01) times, respectively, and four kinds of C₆-C₁₀ aldehydes were induced: (E)-2-hexenal, (E, E)-2,4-hexadienal, (E)-2-octenal and (E)-2-nonenal. The activity of LOX was increased by 1.2 times. The absorption flux per PSII reaction center and trapping flux were significantly decreased by 12.8% (p < 0.05) and 11.1% (p < 0.01), respectively. The density of the active reaction centers per cross section, quantum yield of electron transport, electron transport chain further than primary quinone acceptor of PSII (Q_A ^-) and the performance of PSII activity were increased by 23.3%, 24.4%, 22.6% and 82.7% (p < 0.01), respectively. The species and emissions of C₆-C₁₀aldehydes, activity of LOX and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters nearly recovered after 24 h. This suggested that the damage caused by mechanically damaged stress is more prominent at the donor side of PSII. The activity of LOX was increased, and as a result the emission of C₆-C₁₀aldehydes increased. In response to high salt stress, C. camphora seedlings improve the quantity of the active reaction centers.

Key words: aldehydes, chlorophyll fluorescence, Cinnamomum camphora, mechanical damage, Thermal Desorption System/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrum (TDS-GC-MS)

周帅, 林富平, 王玉魁, 沈应柏, 张汝民, 高荣孚, 高岩. 樟树幼苗机械损伤叶片对挥发性有机化合物及叶绿素荧光参数的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(7): 671-680. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00671

ZHOU Shuai, LIN Fu-Ping, WANG Yu-Kui, SHEN Ying-Bai, ZHANG Ru-Min, GAO Rong-Fu, GAO Yan. Effects of mechanical damage of leaves on volatile organic compounds and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(7): 671-680. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00671

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I7/671

图/表 5

图1 机械损伤后樟树幼苗叶片挥发性有机化合物总离子流。A, 峰面积; DA, 癸醛; FA, 糠醛; HA, 己醛; HEA, 庚醛; 2-HEA, (E)-2-己烯醛; 2,4-HEA, (E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛; 2-NEA, (E)-2-壬烯醛; NA, 壬醛; OA, 辛醛; 2-OEA, (E)-2-辛烯醛。

Fig. 1 Total ion current of volatile organic compounds in mechanically damaged leaves of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings. A, peak area; DA, decanal; FA, furfural; HA, hexanal; HEA, heptanal; 2-HEA, (E)-2-hexenal; 2,4-HEA, (E,E)- 2,4-hexadienal; 2-NEA, (E)-2-nonenal; NA, nonanal; OA, octanal; 2-OEA, (E)-2-octenal.

表1 机械损伤后樟树幼苗叶片C6-C10醛类化合物释放量的变化(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Variation of the release amount of C6-C10 aldehydes in mechanically damaged leaves of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings (mean ± SE)

C₆-C₁₀醛类化合物 C₆-C₁₀ aldehydes	时间 Time (h)
C₆-C₁₀醛类化合物 C₆-C₁₀ aldehydes	对照 Control	1	2	4	8	24	48
糠醛 Furfural	1.58 ± 0.54	2.61 ± 0.59^*	1.18 ± 0.42	0.83 ± 0.25	1.30 ± 0.35	1.08 ± 0.36	1.32 ± 0.34
己醛 Hexanal	9.53 ± 1.02	32.53 ± 4.92^**	33.05 ± 1.62^**	29.03 ± 3.19^**	18.39 ± 0.86^**	14.44 ± 3.01^*	7.06 ± 1.55
庚醛 Heptanal	6.23 ± 0. 97	8.82 ± 1.21^*	11.22 ± 0.84^**	12.53 ± 2.80^**	9.45 ± 0.87^*	7.67 ± 0.95	6.56 ± 0.84
辛醛 Octanal	10.11 ± 2.65	13.34 ± 3.67^*	23.66 ± 2.31^**	17.37 ± 3.33^*	16.43 ± 3.01^*	14.32 ± 2.95^*	11.03 ± 2.55
壬醛 Nonanal	14.26 ± 3.43	22.02 ± 4.07^**	27.24 ± 3.34^**	22.91 ± 3.90^*	19.97 ± 2.85^*	18.97 ± 3.56	15.59 ± 2.77
癸醛 Decanal	1.72 ± 0.67	44.67 ± 9.35^**	50.53 ± 4.94^**	48.84 ± 3.31^**	45.57 ± 4.06^**	36.43 ± 2.18^**	4.76 ± 1.23^*
(E)-2-己烯醛 (E)-2-hexenal	-	20.75 ± 2.72	22.05 ± 1.25	5.37 ± 1.63	1.85 ± 0.04	1.61 ± 0.41	1.22 ± 0.23
(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛 (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal	-	12.54 ± 3.46	16.43 ± 2.89	3.81 ± 1.06	1.32 ± 0.36	0.43 ± 0.16	-
(E)-2-壬烯醛 (E)-2-nonenal	-	-	0.43 ± 0.05	0.51 ± 0.10	0.64 ± 0.14	0.69 ± 0.13	0.30 ± 0.10
(E)-2-辛烯醛 (E)-2-octenal	-	-	-	-	0.68 ± 0.08	0.55 ± 0.06	0.30 ± 0. 10

图2 机械损伤后樟树幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光动力学曲线的变化。A, 机械损伤后樟树幼苗叶片O-J-I-P荧光诱导曲线(3次重复的平均值)。B, Fo与Fm间相对可变荧光强度(Vt)随时间的变化, Vt = (Ft -Fo)/(Fm-Fo), Ft表示t时的荧光强度, Fo表示暗适应后的最小荧光强度, Fm表示暗适应后的最大荧光强度。C, Vt与对照的差值△Vt, △Vt = Vt(处理) -Vt (对照)。O、J、I、P各点含义详见李鹏民等(2005)。

Fig. 2 Variation of chlorophyll fluorescence transients in mechanically damaged leaves of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings. A, O-J-I-P transient recorded in seedlings leaves of C. camphora after mechanical damage (average of three samples). B, relative variable fluorescence (Vt) between Fo and Fm, Vt = (Ft -Fo)/(Fm-Fo), Ft description fluorescence at time t, Fo description minimum fluorescence intensity after dark adaptation, Fm description maximum fluorescence intensity after dark adaptation. C, differences (?Vt) of Vt to the CK, ?Vt = Vt (treatment) - Vt (CK). Meaning of O, J, I and P referred to Li et al. (2005).

表2 机械损伤后樟树幼苗叶片主要叶绿素荧光参数的变化(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Variations of main chlorophyll ?uorescence parameters in mechanically damaged leaves of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings (mean ± SE)

参数 Parameter	时间 Time (h)
参数 Parameter	对照 Control	1	2	4	8	24
ABS/RC	2.35 ± 0.17	2.21 ± 0.15	2.05 ± 0.04^**	2.30 ± 0.06	2.37 ± 0.07	2.40 ± 0.17
TR_o/RC	1.84 ± 0.08	1.71 ± 0.05	1.66 ± 0.03^**	1.91 ± 0.07	1.86 ± 0.06	1.96 ± 0.14
ET_o/RC	0.96 ± 0.14	1.04 ± 0.09	1.01 ± 0.11	1.03 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.01	1.15 ± 0.06^**
ψ_o	0.52 ± 0.01	0.61 ± 0.01^*	0.64 ± 0.08^**	0.54 ± 0.03	0.50 ± 0.06	0.51 ± 0.00
ΦE_o	0.45 ± 0.19	0.43 ± 0.05	0.56 ± 0.01^**	0.41 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.00	0.48 ± 0.06
RC/CS	3.82 ± 0.37	4.26 ± 0.19^*	4.71 ± 0.59^**	3.77 ± 0.37	4.21 ± 0.08	3.91 ± 0.11
F_V/F_m	0.87 ± 0.01	0.89 ± 0.07	0.89 ± 0.06	0.85 ± 0.01	0.75 ± 0.07	0.74 ± 0.03
PI_ABS	1.86 ± 0.46	2.77 ± 1.06^**	3.41 ± 0.83^**	2.27 ± 0.16^*	1.99 ± 0.36	1.89 ± 0.51

图3 机械损伤后不同时间樟树幼苗叶片脂氧合酶的活性(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 3 Activity of lipoxygenase in leaves of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings at different time after mechanical damage (mean ± SE). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

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