植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 515-525.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0317

所属专题: 全球变化与生态系统

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

极端干旱对陆地生态系统的影响: 进展与展望

周贵尧, 周灵燕, 邵钧炯, 周旭辉*()   

  1. 华东师范大学全球变化与生态预测研究中心, 上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-22 接受日期:2020-02-25 出版日期:2020-05-20 发布日期:2020-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 周旭辉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31930072);国家自然科学基金(31600387);国家自然科学基金(31600352);博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20200133)

Effects of extreme drought on terrestrial ecosystems: review and prospects

ZHOU Gui-Yao, ZHOU Ling-Yan, SHAO Jun-Jiong, ZHOU Xu-Hui*()   

  1. and Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2019-11-22 Accepted:2020-02-25 Online:2020-05-20 Published:2020-04-30
  • Contact: ZHOU Xu-Hui
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930072);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600387);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600352);Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Program(BX20200133)

摘要:

作为地球表层重要的组成部分, 陆地生态系统是人类生存和发展的重要场所。进入21世纪以来, 气候变化导致干旱事件发生的强度、频度和持续时间显著增加, 对陆地生态系统带来深远的影响, 严重制约甚至威胁人类社会的可持续发展。因此, 开展极端干旱对陆地生态系统影响的研究并评估其生态风险效应, 是当前全球变化领域研究的重点问题。该文从植物生理生态过程、生物地球化学循环、生物多样性以及生态系统结构和功能4个方面综述了极端干旱对陆地生态系统的影响, 并对当前的研究热点进行探讨, 深度剖析当前研究中存在的难点问题和未来可能的发展方向, 以期为未来开展干旱对陆地生态系统影响的观测与预测研究提供参考, 为在未来干旱影响下加强陆地生态系统风险评估和管理提供新思路。

关键词: 碳饥饿, 极端干旱, 生物多样性, 生态系统生产力, 碳循环

Abstract:

As an important compartment of the Earthʼs surface, terrestrial ecosystems act as a vital harbor for human survival and development. Climate change significantly increased the frequency, intensity and duration of drought since the beginning of the 21st century, which have marked impact on ecosystems, leading to serious restriction or even threat on the sustainable development of human beings. Therefore, developing integrative research on effects of drought on terrestrial ecosystems and assessing the associated ecological risk are impressive in global change field. This study reviewed the effects of drought on plant physiological and ecological processes, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, and ecosystem structure and functions in terrestrial ecosystems, and discussed current hotspot issues in this field as well as deeply analyzing the existing problems and the potential development direction. This study aims to provide some suggestions for the future observation, manipulative experiments, and modeling prediction on effects of drought on terrestrial ecosystems, and offer new insights to enhance risk assessment and management under drought.

Key words: carbon starvation, extreme drought, biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, carbon cycle