养分添加对退化草地豆科植物草木犀功能性状的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0132

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 926-938.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0132

所属专题：植物功能性状

养分添加对退化草地豆科植物草木犀功能性状的影响

苏华¹, 许宏¹, 苏本营², 李永庚¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²北京市门头沟区国家生态修复科技综合示范基地, 北京 102300

收稿日期:2020-06-19 修回日期:2020-08-06 出版日期:2020-09-20 发布日期:2020-07-03
通讯作者: *李永庚 (liyonggeng@ibcas.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31770577);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500708);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500904)

Effects of nutrient addition on the functional traits of Melilotus officinalis growing in a degraded grassland

SU Hua¹, XU Hong¹, SU Ben-Ying², LI Yong-Geng¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²The Science and Technology of Ecology Restoration State Comprehensive Model Bases of Beijing Mentougou District, Beijing 102300, China

Received:2020-06-19 Revised:2020-08-06 Online:2020-09-20 Published:2020-07-03
Contact: LI Yong-Geng
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770577);the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0500708);the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0500904)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

养分亏缺是造成草地生态系统退化的重要因素, 养分添加被认为是促进退化草地恢复的重要手段。豆科植物作为草地生态系统的重要功能种群, 其对养分添加的响应尚不清楚。该研究选取典型豆科植物草木犀(Melilotus officinalis)为研究对象, 在浑善达克沙地开展了鸡粪添加(L0-L6分别为0、500、1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500和3 000 kg·hm_-2·a^-1)控制实验, 探究了养分添加对豆科植物功能性状的影响。鸡粪添加对草木犀的叶片氮(N)含量、磷(P)含量、钾(K)含量、最大净光合速率(P_nmax)、水分利用效率(WUE)、株高(H)和比叶面积(SLA)均有显著影响。随鸡粪添加量的升高, 草木犀叶片N、P、K含量均线性升高, 当添加量达到3 000 kg·hm_-2·a^-1 (L6)时, N、P、K含量升高幅度分别达到15%、67%和25%; 草木犀的H、SLA、P_nmax和WUE先上升后下降, 转折点出现在鸡粪添加量为1 500 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 (L3)时, 以8月份为例, L3较L0的升高幅度分别达到51%、18%、12%和38%, 而L6与L0则无显著差异。因此, 适量的鸡粪添加能显著提高豆科植物的光合能力和水分利用能力, 改善其生长状况, 有利于豆科植物种群的维持。

关键词: 退化草地, 豆科植物, 鸡粪添加, 牧鸡, 功能性状

Abstract:

Aims Nutrient deficiency is one of the important factors that cause grassland ecosystem degradation. Nutrient addition was regarded as an effective method to restore the degraded grassland. Legumes, an important component of grassland ecosystems, would be significantly affected nutrient addition. This study aims to clarify the effects of nutrient addition on the functional traits of legumes.
Methods We carried out a nutrient addition experiment in Onqin Daga Sandy Land, in which different amount of chicken manure (CMA, L0-L6 were 0, 500, 1 000, 1 500, 2 000, 2 500 and 3 000 kg·hm_-2·a^-1) was used as the nutrients. Then we explored the effects of nutrient addition on Melilotus officinalis, a typical legume plant.
Important findings The results showed that the leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) content, maximum photosynthetic rate (P_nmax), water use efficiency (WUE), specific leaf area (SLA) and plant height (H) of M. officinalis were significantly affected by CMA. Leaf N, P and K content of M. officinalis increased linearly with the increase of CMA. When CMA amount arrived at 3 000 kg·hm_-2·a^-1 (L6), the leaf N, P, and K content of M. officinalis increased by 15%, 67% and 25% respectively compared with L0. CMA also influenced H, SLA, P_nmax and WUE of M. officinalis, and the responses of these functional traits to CMA was hump shaped. When CMA amount was lower than 1 500 kg·hm_-2·a^-1 (L3), H, SLA, P_nmax and WUE of M. officinalis in August increased significantly by 51%, 18%, 12% and 38% respectively; when CMA amount was higher than 1 500 kg·hm_-2·a^-1 they all decreased significantly. There was no significant difference in the values of H, SLA, P_nmax and WUE between L6 and L0. CMA in an appropriate amount could improve the photosynthetic capacity and water use capacity of legumes growing in grassland, and then promote their growth, ultimately improve the maintenance of their population.

Key words: degraded grassland, legume, chicken manure addition, chicken farming, functional trait

苏华, 许宏, 苏本营, 李永庚. 养分添加对退化草地豆科植物草木犀功能性状的影响. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(9): 926-938. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0132

SU Hua, XU Hong, SU Ben-Ying, LI Yong-Geng. Effects of nutrient addition on the functional traits of Melilotus officinalis growing in a degraded grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(9): 926-938. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0132

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0132

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I9/926

图/表 10

表1 鸡粪添加处理和取样月份对草木犀叶片有机碳(OC)、氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)含量的影响显著性分析

Table 1 Effect of chicken manure addition and month on the content of leaf organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) of Melilotus officinalis

功能性状 Functional trait	影响因子 Factor	自由度 df	平方和 Sum Sq	均方 Mean Sq	F	p
OC	处理 Treatment (T)	6	184.70	30.78	0.64	0.70^ns
	月份 Month (M)	1	2.10	2.06	0.04	0.84^ns
	处理×月份 T × M	6	597.60	99.60	2.07	0.08^ns
N	处理 Treatment (T)	6	170.53	28.42	97.28	0.00^*
	月份 Month (M)	1	25.99	25.99	88.96	0.00^*
	处理×月份 T × M	6	9.16	1.53	5.22	0.00^*
P	处理 Treatment (T)	6	2.65	0.44	2.36	0.05^*
	月份 Month (M)	1	0.49	0.49	2.60	0.11^ns
	处理×月份 T × M	6	0.71	0.12	0.63	0.71^ns
K	处理 Treatment (T)	6	71.13	11.86	43.89	0.00^*
	月份 Month (M)	1	29.96	29.96	110.93	0.00^*
	处理×月份 T × M	6	5.05	0.84	3.12	0.01^*

图1 草木犀叶片氮(N)含量(A)、磷(P)含量(B)和钾(K)含量(C)对鸡粪添加的响应。

Fig. 1 Responses of the leaf nitrogen (N)(A), phosphorus (P)(B) and potassium (K)(C) contents of Melilotus officinalis to chicken manure addition.

Fig. 2 Effects of chicken manure addition on the content of leaf organic carbon (OC)(A, B), nitrogen (N)(C, D), phosphorus (P)(E, F) and potassium (K)(G, H) of Melilotus officinalis in July and August. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at p < 0.05 level.

表2 鸡粪添加处理和取样月份对草木犀最大净光合速率(Pnmax)和水分利用效率(WUE)影响的显著性分析

Table 2 Effect of chicken manure addition and month on the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) and water use efficiency (WUE) of Melilotus officinalis

功能性状 Functional trait	影响因子 Factor	自由度 df	平方和 Sum Sq	均方 Mean Sq	F	p
P_nmax	处理 Treatment (T)	6	1672.90	278.82	170.91	0.00^*
	月份 Month (M)	1	2.00	1.95	1.20	0.28^ns
	处理×月份 T × M	6	58.30	9.71	5.95	0.00^*
WUE	处理 Treatment (T)	6	139.04	23.17	18.17	0.00^*
	月份 Month (M)	1	48.82	48.82	38.28	0.00^*
	处理×月份 T × M	6	32.64	5.44	4.27	0.00^*

图3 草木犀叶片最大净光合速率(Pnmax)(A)和水分利用效率(WUE)(B)对鸡粪添加的响应。

Fig. 3 Response of the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax)(A) and water use efficiency (WUE)(B) of Melilotus officinalis to chicken manure addition.

Fig. 4 Effects of chicken manure addition on the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax)(A, B) and water use efficiency (WUE)(C, D) of Melilotus officinalis in July and August. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at p < 0.05 level.

表3 鸡粪添加处理和取样月份对草木犀单叶质量(DM)、株高(H)和比叶面积(SLA)的影响显著性分析

Table 3 Effect of chicken manure addition and month on the leaf dry mass (DM), height (H) and specific leaf area (SLA) of Melilotus officinalis

功能性状 Functional trait	影响因子 Factor	自由度 df	平方和 Sum Sq	均方 Mean Sq	F	p
DM	处理 Treatment (T)	6	6.04	1.01	2.29	0.06^ns
	月份 Month (M)	1	1.92	1.92	4.37	0.04^*
	处理×月份 T × M	6	1.53	0.26	0.58	0.74^ns
H	处理 Treatment (T)	6	428.80	71.47	3.65	0.01^*
	月份 Month (M)	1	124.00	124.02	6.33	0.02^*
	处理×月份 T × M	6	571.30	95.22	4.86	0.00^*
SLA	处理 Treatment (T)	6	6 604.00	1 100.60	2.66	0.03^*
	月份 Month (M)	1	154.00	154.50	0.37	0.54^ns
	处理×月份 T × M	6	3 862.00	643.60	1.56	0.18^ns

图5 草木犀株高(H)(A)和比叶面积(SLA)(B)对鸡粪添加的响应。

Fig. 5 Responses of the height (H)(A) and specific leaf area (SLA)(B) of Melilotus officinalis to chicken manure addition.

Fig. 6 Effects of chicken manure addition on the height (H)(A, B) and specific leaf area (SLA)(C, D) of Melilotus officinalis in July and August. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at p < 0.05 level.

Fig. 7 Effects of chicken manure addition on the leaf dry mass (DM) of Melilotus officinalis in July and August. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at p < 0.05 level.

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养分添加对退化草地豆科植物草木犀功能性状的影响

Effects of nutrient addition on the functional traits of Melilotus officinalis growing in a degraded grassland

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