模拟增温对高寒沙区生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0018

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 916-925.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0018

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：植物-土壤-微生物

模拟增温对高寒沙区生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸的影响

赵河聚¹^,², 岳艳鹏¹^,², 贾晓红¹^,²^,^*(), 成龙¹^,², 吴波¹^,², 李元寿³, 周虹¹^,², 赵雪彬⁴

¹中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所, 北京 100091
²荒漠生态系统与全球变化国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100091
³中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081
⁴ 青海共和荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 青海共和 813000

收稿日期:2020-01-17 修回日期:2020-06-15 出版日期:2020-09-20 发布日期:2020-07-31
通讯作者: *贾晓红(jiaxiaohong@caf.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500801);科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100206);国家自然科学基金(41471096);国家自然科学基金(41371093)

Effects of simulated warming on biological soil crust-soil system respiration in alpine sandy lands

ZHAO He-Ju¹^,², YUE Yan-Peng¹^,², JIA Xiao-Hong¹^,²^,^*(), CHENG Long¹^,², WU Bo¹^,², LI Yuan-Shou³, ZHOU Hong¹^,², ZHAO Xue-Bin⁴

¹Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
²Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosystem and Global Change, State Administration of Forestry and Grassland, Beijing 100091, China
³Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
⁴ Qinghai Gonghe Desert Ecosystem National Positioning Research Station, Gonghe, Qinghai 813000, China

Received:2020-01-17 Revised:2020-06-15 Online:2020-09-20 Published:2020-07-31
Contact: JIA Xiao-Hong
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0500801);the Special Survey on Science and Technology Basic Resources(2017FY100206);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471096);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41371093)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物土壤结皮是高寒沙区重要的地表覆盖类型, 研究增温对高寒地区生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸的影响, 能够为准确评估高寒生态系统中生物土壤结皮对气候变化的响应和反馈提供一定的参考。该文以人工植被恢复区的苔藓和藻类结皮为研究对象, 采用开顶式被动增温装置(OTC)进行模拟增温, 观测增温条件下苔藓和藻类结皮-土壤系统呼吸速率的日动态和生长季动态, 探讨增温对其CO₂释放量和温度敏感性的影响。研究结果显示, 增温未改变苔藓和藻类结皮-土壤系统呼吸速率的日动态和生长季动态特征, 均呈“单峰”曲线, 日动态峰值出现在13:00左右, 生长季动态峰值出现在8月左右; 增温改变了生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸速率的日动态峰值。相对干旱年份(2017), 适度增温增加了两类生物土壤结皮-土壤系统生长季累积CO₂释放量, 过高幅度增温, 两类生物土壤结皮-土壤系统CO₂释放量的增加程度降低; 相对湿润年份(2018), 增温幅度越高, 两类生物土壤结皮-土壤系统CO₂释放量增加程度越大。两种类型生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸速率与温度间的关系均可用指数函数较好地描述, 相对干旱年份, 增温幅度越高, 苔藓和藻类结皮-土壤呼吸的温度敏感性越小, 变化范围分别为1.47-1.61和1.60-1.95; 相对湿润年份, 增温幅度越高, 温度敏感性越大, 变化范围分别为1.44-1.68和1.44-1.76。该研究表明, 全球气候变暖很大程度地增强了高寒生态系统中生物土壤结皮-土壤系统的呼吸作用, 因此在准确评估高寒生态系统碳循环过程时, 应充分考虑气候变暖对该区广泛分布的生物土壤结皮所产生的影响。

关键词: 高寒沙区, 生物土壤结皮, 增温, 呼吸, 温度敏感性

Abstract:

Aims Biological soil crust is an important type of surface cover in alpine sandy lands. Understanding of the effect of warming on respiration from the biological soil crust-soil system in alpine regions can provide theoretical reference to the assessment of the response and feedback of biological soil crusts to climate changes.
Methods The moss and algae crusts in the artificial vegetation restoration areas were taken as the research objects. The open top chamber (OTC) was used as a passive warming device to simulate warming. The daily and growing season dynamics of respiration rates in two types of biological soil crust-soil systems were measured. The effects of warming on CO₂ emission and its temperature sensitivity were discussed.
Important findings Both the daily and the growing season dynamics of respiration rate of the moss and algae crust-soil system showed “single-peak” curves and were not affected by warming. The daily peaks appeared around 13:00, and the growing season peaks appeared around August. Warming changed the daily peak value of respiration rate of the biological soil crust-soil system. In the relatively dry year (2017), moderate warming increased cumulative CO₂ emission from the two types of biological soil crust-soil system during growing season, but the increase declined under excessive warming. In the relatively wet year (2018), as warming got greater, CO₂ emission from the two types of biological soil crust-soil system increased more. The relationship between respiration rate and temperature of two types of biological soil crust-soil system followed the exponential function. In the relatively dry year, more increase of temperature induced smaller temperature sensitivity of CO₂ emission, and the temperature sensitivity varied from 1.47 to 1.61 and 1.60 to 1.95 in the moss and algae crust soil system respectively. In the relatively wet year, with the increase of temperature, temperature sensitivity of system respiration increased, and the temperature sensitivity varied from 1.44 to 1.68 and 1.44 to 1.76 in the moss and algae crust soil system respectively. This study shows that global warming has greatly increased the respiration of biological soil crust-soil system in alpine ecosystems. Therefore, we should fully consider the impact of climate warming on the wide spread biological soil crusts in this area for better evaluation of carbon cycling processes in alpine ecosystems.

Key words: alpine sandy area, biological soil crust, warming, respiration, temperature sensitivity

赵河聚, 岳艳鹏, 贾晓红, 成龙, 吴波, 李元寿, 周虹, 赵雪彬. 模拟增温对高寒沙区生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸的影响. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(9): 916-925. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0018

ZHAO He-Ju, YUE Yan-Peng, JIA Xiao-Hong, CHENG Long, WU Bo, LI Yuan-Shou, ZHOU Hong, ZHAO Xue-Bin. Effects of simulated warming on biological soil crust-soil system respiration in alpine sandy lands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(9): 916-925. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0018

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I9/916

图/表 8

表1 研究区生物土壤结皮主要特征(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Main characteristics of biological soil crust in the study area (mean ± SE)

结皮类型 Crust type	盖度 Coverage (%)	厚度 Thickness (cm)	生物量 Biomass (mg·cm^-2)
藻类结皮 Algae crust	＞51	1.01 ± 0.01	3.69 ± 0.21
苔藓结皮 Moss crust	＞41	1.49 ± 0.06	4.65 ± 0.25

表2 高寒沙区生长季内降水事件统计

Table 2 Statistics of precipitation events during the growing season in alpine sandy lands

年份 Year	总降水量 Total precipitation (mm)	增长率 Growth rate (%)
近30年平均 Average over the last 30 years	246.3	-
2017	226.7	-8
2018	372.4	51

图1 不同规格开顶式被动增温装置(OTC)内苔藓和藻类结皮下0-5 cm层土壤温度变化。A, 苔藓结皮-土壤系统(TX)。B, 藻类结皮-土壤系统(ZL)。CK为对照组, OTC1、OTC2、OTC3为不同增温处理。

Fig. 1 Changes of soil temperature (0-5 cm) under moss and algae crusts in open top chamber (OTC) a passive warming device with different specifications. A, Moss crust-soil system (TX). B, Algae crust-soil system (ZL). CK means control group; OTC1, OTC2, OTC3 represent different warming treatments.

图2 不同规格开顶式被动增温装置(OTC)内苔藓和藻类结皮下0-5 cm层土壤温度增温幅度。TX, 苔藓结皮-土壤系统; ZL, 藻类结皮-土壤系统。

Fig. 2 Increase in soil temperature (0-5 cm) under moss and algae crusts in open top chamber (OTC) a passive warming device with different specifications. TX, moss crust-soil system; ZL, algae crust-soil system.

图3 模拟增温下生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸速率日动态。A, 苔藓结皮-土壤系统(TX)。B, 藻类结皮-土壤系统(ZL)。CK为对照组, OTC1、OTC2、OTC3为不同增温处理。

Fig. 3 Daily dynamics of respiration rate of the biological soil crust-soil system under simulated warming. A, Moss crust-soil system (TX). B, Algae crust-soil system (ZL). CK means control group; OTC1, OTC2, OTC3 represent different warming treatments.

图4 模拟增温下生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸速率生长季动态(平均值±标准误差)。A, 苔藓结皮-土壤系统(TX)。B, 藻类结皮-土壤系统(ZL)。CK为对照组, OTC1、OTC2、OTC3为不同增温处理。

Fig. 4 Growing season dynamics of respiration rate of the biological soil crust-soil system under simulated warming (mean ± SE). A, Moss crust-soil system (TX). B, Algae crust-soil system (ZL). CK means control group; OTC1, OTC2, OTC3 represent different warming treatments.

表3 模拟增温下生物土壤结皮-土壤系统生长季累积CO2释放量

Table 3 Cumulative CO2 emission from the biological soil crust-soil system in the growing season under simulated warming treatments

类型 Type	年份 Year	CO₂释放量 CO₂emission (g·m^-2)
类型 Type	年份 Year	CK (CV, %)	OTC1 (CV, %)	OTC2 (CV, %)	OTC3 (CV, %)
苔藓 Moss	2017	120.71 (31.62)	239.69 (27.64)	223.83 (30.83)	207.96 (34.96)
苔藓 Moss	2018	386.97 (30.91)	430.63 (33.54)	442.82 (32.31)	481.35 (33.53)
藻类 Algae	2017	79.03 (51.98)	115.87 (53.15)	105.86 (56.54)	94.94 (56.39)
藻类 Algae	2018	236.80 (46.93)	272.71 (45.30)	285.90 (43.74)	308.64 (42.13)

表4 模拟增温下生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸速率与0-5 cm层土壤温度间的回归关系及温度敏感性(Q10)比较

Table 4 Regression relationship between respiration rate of the biological soil crust-soil system and soil temperature in the 0-5 cm layer under simulated warming and comparison of temperature sensitivity (Q10) among different treatments

类型 Type	处理 Treatment	2017				2018
类型 Type	处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	Q₁₀	p	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	Q₁₀	p
苔藓 Moss	CK	y = 0.389e^0.0489^x	0.36^**	1.61	0.001	y = 1.131e^0.0364^x	0.37^**	1.44	0.000
	OTC1	y = 0.612e^0.0422^x	0.37^**	1.53	0.008	y = 1.163e^0.0419^x	0.51^**	1.52	0.001
	OTC2	y = 0.546e^0.0405^x	0.53^**	1.50	0.000	y = 0.901e^0.047^x	0.45^**	1.60	0.000
	OTC3	y = 0.502e^0.0385^x	0.66^**	1.47	0.000	y = 1.009e^0.0519^x	0.58^**	1.68	0.009
藻类 Algae	CK	y = 0.103e^0.0667^x	0.76^**	1.95	0.001	y = 0.615e^0.0363^x	0.33^**	1.44	0.000
	OTC1	y = 0.090e^0.064^x	0.35^**	1.90	0.005	y = 0.554e^0.0445^x	0.27^**	1.56	0.004
	OTC2	y = 0.149e^0.0501^x	0.66^**	1.65	0.000	y = 0.361e^0.0519^x	0.40^**	1.68	0.000
	OTC3	y = 0.204e^0.0467^x	0.31^**	1.60	0.000	y = 0.522e^0.0567^x	0.49^**	1.76	0.000

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模拟增温对高寒沙区生物土壤结皮-土壤系统呼吸的影响

Effects of simulated warming on biological soil crust-soil system respiration in alpine sandy lands

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