青藏高原高寒草甸植物花寿命与花吸引特征的关系及其对雌性繁殖成功的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0130

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 905-915.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0130 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2020.0130

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：种群生态学

青藏高原高寒草甸植物花寿命与花吸引特征的关系及其对雌性繁殖成功的影响

王玉贤¹, 侯盟¹, 谢言言¹, 刘左军², 赵志刚¹^,^*(), 路宁娜³

¹兰州大学生命科学学院, 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
²兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院, 兰州 730050
³西北师范大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730000

收稿日期:2020-05-06 修回日期:2020-07-23 出版日期:2020-09-20 发布日期:2020-08-10
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504801);国家自然科学基金(31570229);国家自然科学基金(31870411);甘肃省重点研发计划(18YF1FA053)

Relationships of flower longevity with attractiveness traits and their effects on female fitness of alpine meadow plants on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

WANG Yu-Xian¹, HOU Meng¹, XIE Yan-Yan¹, LIU Zuo-Jun², ZHAO Zhi-Gang¹^,^*(), LU Ning-Na³

¹School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou 730000
²School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050
³School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000

Received:2020-05-06 Revised:2020-07-23 Online:2020-09-20 Published:2020-08-10
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0504801);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570229);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870411);the Key Research Program of Gansu(18YF1FA053)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花寿命指花保持开放且具有功能的时间长度, 是开花植物繁殖成功的一个重要功能性状。可塑性延长花寿命是植物在不利的传粉环境中保障繁殖的一种策略, 但延长花寿命也会增加繁殖成本。花寿命的可塑性变异不仅受传粉环境的影响, 而且还受资源分配权衡的影响。花寿命的理论模型指出, 植物的花寿命与花吸引特征之间存在资源分配权衡。为了研究在花粉限制环境中, 植物花寿命与花吸引特征之间的资源权衡及其对雌性适合度的相对重要性。该研究以青藏高原高寒草甸不同海拔(2 900和3 600 m)的11种开花植物为研究对象, 分析了不同植物群落中, 物种水平上: (1)花寿命与花吸引特征(花大小以及开花数目)之间的相关关系; (2)花寿命与花吸引特征对植物雌性适合度的相对贡献。结果表明, 无论是低海拔还是高海拔植物群落, 植物的花寿命与开花数目之间均存在权衡关系, 且长的花寿命增加了植物的雌性适合度。但在高海拔环境中, 植物的雌性适合度只与花寿命有关。这说明相对于低海拔植物, 花寿命对高海拔植物的雌性繁殖成功更为重要。

关键词: 青藏高原, 花寿命, 花吸引特征, 权衡, 繁殖成功

Abstract:

Aims Flower longevity, the length of time that flowers remain open and functional, is an important floral trait that influences plant reproductive success. Prolonging floral longevity can provide reproductive assurance under unfavorable pollination environment, but may suffer some fitness costs. The theoretical models of flower longevity have suggested that there is a trade-off of resources allocation between the flower longevity and attractiveness traits. Flower longevity can adjust according to resource allocation. To understand the potential adaptive significance of flower longevity, it is necessary to disentangle the potential relationships between flower longevity and attractiveness traits (flower size and number) and their effects on female fitness of alpine meadow plants at the inter-species level on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
Methods In the alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (2 900 m vs. 3 600 m), we assessed how the relationships between floral longevity and flower attractiveness traits of 11 species varied at the inter-species level under different pollination contexts. And we quantified the relative contribution of flower longevity and flower attractiveness traits to the female fitness of plants at the inter-species level at low and high habitats.
Important findings Results show that there is a trade-off between flower longevity and flower number in both low and high altitude communities. And we found that both longer flower longevity and larger flower size increase the female fitness of plants in low-altitude communities, However, the female fitness of plants is only associated with flower longevity in high-altitude communities. Overall, our results suggest that flower longevity is more important for the female fitness in high-altitude plants than low-altitude plants.

Key words: Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, flower longevity, floral attractiveness traits, trade-off, reproductive success

王玉贤, 侯盟, 谢言言, 刘左军, 赵志刚, 路宁娜. 青藏高原高寒草甸植物花寿命与花吸引特征的关系及其对雌性繁殖成功的影响. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(9): 905-915. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0130

WANG Yu-Xian, HOU Meng, XIE Yan-Yan, LIU Zuo-Jun, ZHAO Zhi-Gang, LU Ning-Na. Relationships of flower longevity with attractiveness traits and their effects on female fitness of alpine meadow plants on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(9): 905-915. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0130

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0130

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I9/905

图/表 7

Table 1 Mean plant height, flower size, flower number, flower longevity and seeds number of 16 research populations at low (2 900 m) and high (3 600 m) altitudes (mean土SE)

Table 2 Potential effects of plant height, flower size (log transform), and flower number on flower longevity of studied species in low (2 900 m) and high (3 600 m) altitude communities

海拔 Altitude	因素 Effect	估计值±标准误差 Estimate ± SE	t	p
低海拔 Low altitude	截距 Intercept	3.98 ± 1.69	2.353	0.023
	植株高度 Plant height (cm)	0.07 ± 0.03	2.183	0.032
	Log (花大小) log (flower size)	0.21 ± 0.28	0.751	0.454
	开花数目 Flower number	-0.25 ± 0.11	-2.366	0.020
高海拔 High altitude	截距 Intercept	2.85 ± 1.77	1.609	0.123
	植株高度 Plant height (cm)	0.06 ± 0.03	2.224	0.030
	Log (花大小) log (flower size)	0.49 ± 0.24	2.038	0.046
	开花数目 Flower number	-0.14 ± 0.07	-2.065	0.044

图1 在低海拔植物群落中, 植物花寿命与植株高度(A)和开花数目(B)之间的关系。不同的点代表不同的个体, 不同颜色代表不同的物种。红线表示不同物种的平均响应。

Fig. 1 Scatterplots of the relationships between flower longevity and plant height (A), and flower number (B) at low altitude plant communities. Data points represent individuals, and each colored point represents different species. Red line indicates the mean response across species.

图2 在高海拔植物群落中, 花寿命与植株高度(A), 花大小(B)以及开花数目(C)之间的关系。不同的点代表不同的个体, 不同颜色代表不同的物种。红线表示不同物种的平均响应。

Fig. 2 Scatterplots of the relationships between flower longevity and plant height (A), log (flower size)(B), and flower number (C) at high altitude plant communities. Data points represent individuals, and each colored point represents different species. Red line indicates the mean response across species.

Table 3 Effects of plant height, flower size (log transform), flower longevity and flower number on female fitness (seeds number) of studied species in low (2 900 m) and high (3 600 m) communities

海拔 Altitude	因素 Effect	估计值±标准误差 Estimate ± SE	z	p
低海拔 Low altitude	截距 Intercept	1.62 ± 0.46	3.545	0.000
	植株高度 Plant height (cm)	0.01 ± 0.01	0.856	0.392
	Log (花大小) log (flower size)	0.18 ± 0.08	2.319	0.020
	花寿命 Flower longevity (day)	0.07 ± 0.03	2.213	0.027
	开花数目 Flower number	0.01 ± 0.03	0.101	0.919
高海拔 High altitude	截距 Intercept	1.89 ± 0.60	3.131	0.002
	植株高度 Plant height (cm)	0.01 ± 0.01	1.094	0.274
	Log (花大小) log (flower size) (mm²)	-0.03 ± 0.09	-0.340	0.734
	花寿命 Flower longevity (day)	0.16 ± 0.05	3.380	0.001
	开花数目 Flower number	-0.01 ± 0.03	-0.200	0.841

图3 在低海拔植物群落中, 植物雌性适合度(结籽数)与花大小(A)和花寿命(B)之间的关系。不同的点代表不同的个体, 不同颜色代表不同的物种。红线表示不同物种的平均响应。

Fig. 3 Scatterplots of the relationships between female fitness (seed number) and log (flower size)(A), and flower longevity (B) at low altitude plant communities. Data points represent individuals, and each colored point represents different species. Red line indicates the mean response across species.

图4 在高海拔植物群落中, 植物雌性适合度与花寿命之间的关系。不同的点代表不同的个体, 不同颜色代表不同的物种。红线表示不同物种的平均响应。

Fig. 4 Relationships between seed set and flower longevity at high altitude plant communities. Data points represent individuals, and each colored point represents different species. Red line indicates the mean response across species.

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青藏高原高寒草甸植物花寿命与花吸引特征的关系及其对雌性繁殖成功的影响

Relationships of flower longevity with attractiveness traits and their effects on female fitness of alpine meadow plants on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

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