增温条件下花粉来源对红雉凤仙花生殖成功的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花粉来源影响着植物的生殖成功和种群的遗传结构, 母体效应则有利于子代适应母代经历的环境。然而, 气候变暖背景下, 花粉来源联合母体效应对植物生殖成功的影响仍不明了。该研究以兼性异交的中国特有植物红雉凤仙花(Impatiens oxyanthera)为研究对象, 采用双因素随机区组设计, 设置母代增温(+0 ℃和+2 ℃)嵌套子代增温(+0 ℃、+2 ℃和+4 ℃)共6种实验处理, 探讨不同母代增温条件下子代增温对红雉凤仙花花粉来源限制的影响。结果显示: 红雉凤仙花异交的结实率和种子数均高于自交的相应值, 且随着子代增温幅度提升, 这2个值均呈现不同程度降低, 特别是自交结实率和种子数随子代增温明显降低, 而母代增温则减缓了自交引起的生殖成功率降低的效应。上述结果说明, 红雉凤仙花异交生殖成功率大于自交。子代增温显著降低了兼性异交植物自交的适合度, 母代增温可以减缓这种不利影响, 从而表现出对增温的跨代适应性。

关键词: 增温, 红雉凤仙花, 花粉来源限制, 异交, 自交, 跨代可塑性, 生殖成功

Abstract:

Aims Pollen source influences the reproductive success of plants and the genetic structure of their populations, and maternal effects facilitate the adaptation of offspring to the environmental conditions that their parental generation were exposed to. However, the effect of pollen source combined with maternal effects on reproductive success of plants remains unknown under climate warming.

Methods In this study, Impatiens oxyanthera, a facultative outcrossing plant endemic to China, was taken as the research object. This study was designed using a randomized block design with two factors (warmed at 0 and 2 °C in parental generation, warmed at 0, 2 and 4 °C in offspring generation). From these two factors, six treatment combinations were obtained, aiming to better understand the effects of warming treatments in offspring generation on pollen source limitation of I. oxyanthera under different warming treatments in parental generation.

Important findings The seed setting rate and seeds of allogamous treatments were all higher than the corresponding values of autogamous, and two values showed different degrees of decrease with the increase of offspring temperature, in particular, seed set rate and seed number of selfing decreased significantly with warming treatments in offspring generation, while warming treatments in parental generation moderated the decreasing effect of reproductive success caused by autogamouy. This results suggested that the reproductive success of allogamy was greater than that of autogamy. Warming treatments in the offspring generation significantly reduced the fitness of self-fertilization, but warming treatments in the parental generation could mitigate this adverse effects, thus showed adaptive transgenerational plasticity in responses to warming.

Key words: warming, Impatiens oxyanthera, pollen source limitation, cross-pollination, self-pollination, transgenerational plasticity, reproductive success

钟楠蝶, 王力, 肖杰, 王琼. 增温条件下花粉来源对红雉凤仙花生殖成功的影响. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(4): 416-427. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0169

ZHONG Nan-Die, WANG Li, XIAO Jie, WANG Qiong. Effect of pollen source on reproductive success of Impatiens oxyanthera under warming conditions. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(4): 416-427. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0169

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0169

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I4/416

图/表 11

图1 模拟增温期间3个子代增温处理的日平均气温变化。O0, 子代+0 ℃; O2, 子代+2 ℃; O4, 子代+4 ℃。

Fig. 1 Daily mean air temperature changes of three temperature treatments in offspring generation during artificial warming. O0, warmed 0 °C in the offspring generation; O2, warmed 2 °C in the offspring generation; O4, warmed 4 °C in the offspring generation.

图2 2019年部分混合授粉(A)和2020年单一授粉(B)示意图。空心圆圈和NP代表自然授粉, 灰色圆圈和CP代表异株异花授粉, 黑色圆圈和SP代表同株异花授粉。

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of partial mixed pollination in 2019 (A) and single pollination in 2020 (B). Hollow circles and NP represent natural pollination, grey circles and CP represent cross-pollination, and black circles and SP represent self-pollination.

表1 母代增温、子代增温和花粉来源对红雉凤仙花结实率的影响(三因素方差分析)

Table 1 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations and pollen source on seed set of Impatiens oxyanthera (three-way ANOVA)

实验处理 Experimental treatment	2019	2020
母代增温 Warming treatments in the parental generations	1.350 (0.246)	0.236 (0.628)
子代增温 Warming treatments in the offspring generations	2.286 (0.103)	2.169 (0.119)
花粉来源 Pollen source	16.528 (<0.001)	8.963 (<0.001)
母代增温×子代增温 Warming treatments in the parental generations × warming treatments in the offspring generations	2.222 (0.110)	1.647 (0.197)
母代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the parental generations × pollen source	0.245 (0.783)	5.957 (0.003)
子代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the offspring generations × pollen source	1.687 (0.153)	0.098 (0.983)
母代增温×子代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the parental generations × warming treatments in the offspring generations × pollen source	0.175 (0.951)	3.366 (0.012)

图3 2019年母代增温和子代增温对红雉凤仙花结实率的影响(平均值±标准误)。不同大写字母代表3种子代增温处理之间平均值差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母代表同一子代增温条件下不同授粉处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。M0, 母代+0 ℃。M2, 母代+2 ℃。O0, 子代+0 ℃; O2, 子代+2 ℃; O4, 子代+4 ℃。CP, 异株异花授粉; NP, 自然授粉; SP, 同株异花授粉。

Fig. 3 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations on seed set of Impatiens oxyanthera in 2019 (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters represent significant difference among three warming treatments in the offspring generation (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different pollination treatments under the same warming treatments in the offspring generation (p < 0.05). M0, warmed 0 °C in the parental generation. M2, warmed 2 °C in the parental generation. O0, warmed 0 °C in the offspring generation; O2, warmed 2 °C in the offspring generation; O4, warmed 4 °C in the offspring generation. CP, cross-pollination; NP, natural pollination; SP, self-pollination.

图4 2020年母代增温和子代增温对红雉凤仙花结实率的影响(平均值±标准误)。相同大写字母代表3种子代增温处理之间的平均值差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05); 不同小写字母代表同一子代增温条件下不同授粉处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。M0, 母代+0 ℃。M2, 母代+2 ℃。O0, 子代+0 ℃; O2, 子代+2 ℃; O4, 子代+4 ℃。CP, 异株异花授粉; NP, 自然授粉; SP, 同株异花授粉。

Fig. 4 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations on seed set of Impatiens oxyanthera in 2020 (mean ± SE). Same uppercase letters represent no significant difference among three warming treatments in the offspring generation (p ≥ 0.05); different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different pollination treatments under the same warming treatments in the offspring generation (p < 0.05). M0, warmed 0 °C in the parental generation. M2, warmed 2 °C in the parental generation. O0, warmed 0 °C in the offspring generation; O2, warmed 2 °C in the offspring generation; O4, warmed 4 °C in the offspring generation. CP, cross-pollination; NP, natural pollination; SP, self-pollination.

表2 母代增温、子代增温和花粉来源对红雉凤仙花未受精胚珠数的影响(三因素方差分析)

Table 2 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations and pollen source on number of unfertilized ovules of Impatiens oxyanthera (three-way ANOVA)

实验处理 Experimental treatment	2019	2020
母代增温 Warming treatments in the parental generations	0.000 (0.991)	0.950 (0.332)
子代增温 Warming treatments in the offspring generations	3.667 (0.027)	1.681 (0.191)
花粉来源 Pollen source	13.769 (<0.001)	8.147 (<0.001)
母代增温×子代增温 Warming treatments in the parental generations × warming treatments in the offspring generations	3.208 (0.042)	1.585 (0.209)
母代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the parental generations × pollen source	0.214 (0.807)	4.939 (0.009)
子代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the offspring generations × pollen source	1.686 (0.153)	0.630 (0.642)
母代增温×子代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the parental generations × warming treatments in the offspring generations × pollen source	0.602 (0.648)	2.971 (0.022)

图5 2019年母代增温和子代增温对红雉凤仙花未受精胚珠数的影响(平均值±标准误)。不同大写字母代表3种子代增温处理之间的平均值差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母代表同一子代增温条件下不同授粉处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。M0, 母代+0 ℃。M2, 母代+2 ℃。O0, 子代+0 ℃; O2, 子代+2 ℃; O4, 子代+4 ℃。CP, 异株异花授粉; NP, 自然授粉; SP, 同株异花授粉。

Fig. 5 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations on number of unfertilized ovules of Impatiens oxyanthera in 2019 (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters represent significant difference among three warming treatments in the offspring generation (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different pollination treatments under the same warming treatments in the offspring generation (p < 0.05). M0, warmed 0 °C in the parental generation. M2, warmed 2 °C in the parental generation. O0, warmed 0 °C in the offspring generation; O2, warmed 2 °C in the offspring generation; O4, warmed 4 °C in the offspring generation. CP, cross-pollination; NP, natural pollination; SP, self-pollination.

图6 2020年母代增温和子代增温对红雉凤仙花未受精胚珠数的影响(平均值±标准误)。相同大写字母代表3种子代增温处理之间的平均值差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05); 不同小写字母代表同一子代增温条件下不同授粉处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。M0, 母代+0 ℃。M2, 母代+2 ℃。O0, 子代+0 ℃; O2, 子代+2 ℃; O4, 子代+4 ℃。CP, 异株异花授粉; NP, 自然授粉; SP, 同株异花授粉。

Fig. 6 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations on number of unfertilized ovules of Impatiens oxyanthera in 2020 (mean ± SE). Same uppercase letters represent no significant difference among three warming treatments in the offspring generation (p ≥ 0.05); different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different pollination treatments under the same warming treatments in the offspring generation (p < 0.05). M0, warmed 0 °C in the parental generation. M2, warmed 2 °C in the parental generation. O0, warmed 0 °C in the offspring generation; O2, warmed 2 °C in the offspring generation; O4, warmed 4 °C in the offspring generation. CP, cross-pollination; NP, natural pollination; SP, self-pollination.

表3 母代增温、子代增温和花粉来源对红雉凤仙花种子数的影响(三因素方差分析)

Table 3 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations and pollen source on seed number of Impatiens oxyanthera (three-way ANOVA)

实验处理 Experimental treatment	2019	2020
母代增温 Warming treatments in the parental generations	1.350 (0.246)	0.183 (0.669)
子代增温 Warming treatments in the offspring generations	2.286 (0.103)	1.380 (0.256)
花粉来源 Pollen source	16.528 (<0.001)	6.541 (0.002)
母代增温×子代增温 Warming treatments in the parental generations × warming treatments in the offspring generations	2.222 (0.110)	1.265 (0.286)
母代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the parental generations × pollen source	0.245 (0.783)	5.493 (0.005)
子代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the offspring generations × pollen source	1.687 (0.153)	0.167 (0.955)
母代增温×子代增温×花粉来源 Warming treatments in the parental generations × warming treatments in the offspring generations × pollen source	0.175 (0.951)	3.554 (0.009)

图7 2019年母代增温和子代增温对红雉凤仙花种子数的影响(平均值±标准误)。相同大写字母代表3种子代增温处理之间的平均值差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05); 不同小写字母代表同一子代增温条件下不同授粉处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。M0, 母代+0 ℃。M2, 母代+2 ℃。O0, 子代+0 ℃; O2, 子代+2 ℃; O4, 子代+4 ℃。CP, 异株异花授粉; NP, 自然授粉; SP, 同株异花授粉。

Fig. 7 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations on seed number of Impatiens oxyanthera in 2019 (mean ± SE). Same uppercase letters represent no significant difference among three warming treatments in the offspring generation (p ≥ 0.05); different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different pollination treatments under the same warming treatments in the offspring generation (p < 0.05). M0, warmed 0 °C in the parental generation. M2, warmed 2 °C in the parental generation. O0, warmed 0 °C in the offspring generation; O2, warmed 2 °C in the offspring generation; O4, warmed 4 °C in the offspring generation. CP, cross-pollination; NP, natural pollination; SP, self-pollination.

图8 2020年母代增温和子代增温对红雉凤仙花种子数的影响(平均值±标准误)。相同大写字母代表3种子代增温处理之间的平均值差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05); 不同小写字母代表同一子代增温条件下不同授粉处理之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。M0, 母代+0 ℃。M2, 母代+2 ℃。O0, 子代+0 ℃; O2, 子代+2 ℃; O4, 子代+4 ℃。CP, 异株异花授粉; NP, 自然授粉; SP, 同株异花授粉。

Fig. 8 Effects of warming treatments in the parental and offspring generations on seed number of Impatiens oxyanthera in 2020 (mean ± SE). Same uppercase letters represent no significant difference among three warming treatments in the offspring generation (p ≥ 0.05); different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different pollination treatments under the same warming treatments in the offspring generation (p < 0.05). M0, warmed 0 °C in the parental generation. M2, warmed 2 °C in the parental generation. O0, warmed 0 °C in the offspring generation; O2, warmed 2 °C in the offspring generation; O4, warmed 4 °C in the offspring generation. CP, cross-pollination; NP, natural pollination; SP, self-pollination.

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