华北盐渍化草地土壤净氮矿化速率对不同水平氮添加的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0153

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 85-95.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0153

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统

华北盐渍化草地土壤净氮矿化速率对不同水平氮添加的响应

徐小惠¹^,², 刁华杰¹^,³, 覃楚仪⁴, 郝杰³, 申颜¹, 董宽虎³, 王常慧¹^,³^,^*()

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³山西农业大学草业学院, 山西太谷 030801
⁴武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉 430079

收稿日期:2020-05-15 接受日期:2020-07-17 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2020-09-03
通讯作者: 王常慧
作者简介:*(wangch@ibcas.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500703);国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604802);国家自然科学基金(31872406)

Response of soil net nitrogen mineralization to different levels of nitrogen addition in a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China

XU Xiao-Hui¹^,², DIAO Hua-Jie¹^,³, QIN Chu-Yi⁴, HAO Jie³, SHEN Yan¹, DONG Kuan-Hu³, WANG Chang-Hui¹^,³^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801
⁴School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2020-05-15 Accepted:2020-07-17 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2020-09-03
Contact: WANG Chang-Hui
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0500703);National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0604802);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872406)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对于养分贫瘠的盐渍化草地生态系统, 大气氮沉降如何影响土壤氮循环过程是一个目前尚未解决的问题。该研究在位于华北地区山西省右玉县境内的盐渍化草地建立了一个模拟氮沉降的试验平台, 设置8个氮添加水平, 分别为0、1、2、4、8、16、24、32 g·m^-2·a^-1 (N0、N1、N2、N4、N8、N16、N24、N32), 生长季5-9月, 每月月初以喷施的方式等量添加NH₄NO₃。从2017年5月到2019年10月, 运用顶盖PVC管法每月一次进行净氮矿化速率的测定同时计算了净氮矿化速率对不同水平氮添加的敏感性。主要结果表明: (1)高水平氮添加(N16、N24、N32)显著增加土壤无机氮库; (2)该盐渍化草地土壤氮矿化以硝化作用为主, 经过3年氮添加以后, 高氮添加(N24、N32)显著促进了土壤净硝化速率, 并且不同氮添加水平在不同的月份和年份中表现出差异性响应; (3)不同氮添加水平对土壤净氮矿化敏感性的影响在不同降水年份差异显著, 短期低水平氮添加提高了土壤净氮矿化的敏感性, 而高水平氮添加降低土壤净氮矿化敏感性; (4)盐渍化草地土壤净氮矿化速率与土壤温度和水分呈正相关关系, 与土壤pH呈负相关关系。因此, 在当前氮沉降增加的背景下, 北方盐渍化草地土壤氮矿化速率对低氮添加的敏感性较高, 结合氮沉降的特点, 未来模型预测应该同时考虑氮沉降对盐渍化草地的可能影响。

关键词: 氮添加, 盐渍化草地, 土壤净矿化速率, 敏感性, 硝化速率

Abstract:

Aims The salinized grassland ecosystem has low level of nutrients, and how increasing nitrogen (N) deposition affects N cycling has not been solved yet.
Methods An experimental platform was set up to simulate increasing N deposition in the saline alkaline grassland ecosystem in Youyu County, Shanxi Province, eight levels of N addition were designed, expressed by 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 g·m^-2·a^-1 (N0, N1, N2, N4, N8, N16, N24, N32). The same amount of ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) was sprayed at the beginning of each month during the growing seasons from May to September every year. From May of 2017, net N mineralization rate was measured once a month using top-cover PVC cylinders. The experiment has been conducted for three years from 2017 to 2019.
Important findings The results showed that, (1) High N addition levels (N16, N24, N32) significantly increased soil inorganic N pool. (2) Soil N mineralization in the salinized grassland ecosystem was dominated by nitrification. After three years of N addition, high levels of N addition (N24, N32) significantly promoted the rate of soil net nitrification, and different N levels showed different effects in different months and years. (3) The sensitivity of soil net N mineralization to different levels of N addition showed significant difference among three years with different precipitation. Lower N addition improved the sensitivity of soil net N mineralization, while higher N addition reduced the sensitivity of soil net N mineralization. (4) There was a positive correlation between soil net N mineralization rate and soil temperature, water content, and a negative correlation between soil net N mineralization rate and soil pH value. The sensitivity of soil N cycle to N addition was higher at low level of N addition than at high level of N addition in the saline-alkaline grassland of north China. The influence of increasing N deposition on soil N cycle should be considered in process-based models in the future.

Key words: nitrogen addition, saline-alkaline grassland, soil net nitrogen mineralization rate, sensitivity, soil nitrification rate

徐小惠, 刁华杰, 覃楚仪, 郝杰, 申颜, 董宽虎, 王常慧. 华北盐渍化草地土壤净氮矿化速率对不同水平氮添加的响应. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(1): 85-95. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0153

XU Xiao-Hui, DIAO Hua-Jie, QIN Chu-Yi, HAO Jie, SHEN Yan, DONG Kuan-Hu, WANG Chang-Hui. Response of soil net nitrogen mineralization to different levels of nitrogen addition in a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(1): 85-95. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0153

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0153

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I1/85

图/表 9

表1 华北盐渍化草地样地土壤基本理化性质(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Basic soil properties in the experiment sites in a saline-alkaline grassland sample plot of northern China (mean ± SE)

土壤特性 Soil property	2017年本底值 Original value of 2017
pH	9.82 ± 0.11
土壤全碳含量 TC (g·kg^-1)	7.01 ± 1.02
土壤全氮含量 TN (g·kg^-1)	0.61 ± 0.04
土壤全碳与全氮含量的比 TC:TN	11.57 ± 1.93

图1 华北盐渍化草地样地降水量和气温月动态变化。

Fig. 1 Monthly dynamics of precipitation and air temperature in a saline-alkaline grassland sample plot of northern China.

图2 华北盐渍化草地试验地示意图。N0、N1、N2、N4、N8、N16、N24、N32分别表示氮添加水平分别为0、1、2、4、8、16、24、32 g·m-2。

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of experimental design in a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China. N0, N1, N2, N4, N8, N16, N24 and N32 indicated that the nitrogen addition levels were 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g·m-2, respectively.

图3 2017-2019年华北盐渍化草地不同氮添加水平铵态氮、硝态氮和无机态氮含量变化(平均值+标准误)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。*表示施肥和对照的差异性在0.05水平上显著; **表示施肥和对照差异性在0.01水平上显著。小图中不同颜色对应柱状图的不同氮添加水平。

Fig. 3 Changes of soil NH4+-N, NO3--N and inorganic nitrogen concentration under different levels of nitrogen addition in 2017-2019 of a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China (mean + SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). * means the difference is significant at the level of p < 0.05, and ** means the difference is significant at the level of p < 0.01. Different colors in the small picture correspond to different nitrogen addition levels in the histogram.

表2 不同氮添加水平和处理时间对华北盐渍化草地土壤铵化速率、硝化速率、净氮矿化速率影响的双因素方差分析

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA on the effects of nitrogen addition and year on soil net ammonification, nitrification and net nitrogen mineralization rates of the salinized grassland of northern China

因素 Factor	铵化速率 Ammonification rate		硝化速率 Nitrification rate		净氮矿化速率 Net nitrogen mineralization rate
因素 Factor	F	p	F	p	F	p
年份 Year (Y)	6.167	<0.05	35.338	<0.001	5.275	<0.05
氮添加 Nitrogen addition (N)	7.879	<0.001	12.592	<0.001	9.455	<0.001
年份×氮添加 (Y × N)	3.664	<0.05	14.516	<0.001	2.315	<0.05

图4 华北盐渍化草地不同氮添加水平土壤净氮矿化速率的季节动态(平均值±标准误)。**表示差异性在0.01水平上显著。N0、N1、N2、N4、N8、N16、N24、N32分别表示氮添加水平分别为0、1、2、4、8、16、24、32 g·m-2。

Fig. 4 Seasonal dynamics of soil net N mineralization rates under different levels of nitrogen addition in a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China (mean ± SE). ** means the difference is significant at the level of 0.01. N0, N1, N2, N4, N8, N16, N24 and N32 indicated that the nitrogen addition levels were 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g·m -2, respectively.

图5 华北盐渍化草地不同氮添加水平土壤净氮矿化速率和净硝化速率(平均值+标准误)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Changes in soil net nitrogen (N) mineralization and net nitrification rates under different levels of N addition in a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China (mean + SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

图6 华北盐渍化草地不同氮添加水平土壤净氮矿化速率的敏感性(平均值+标准误)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05), 显著性均是以绝对值计算标注。

Fig. 6 Sensitivity of soil net nitrogen (N) mineralization rate under different levels of N addition in a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China (mean + SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in the absolute value among different treatments.

图7 华北盐渍化草地不同水平氮添加净氮矿化速率与土壤温度、湿度、土壤pH以及地下生物量的相关性。p > 0.05表示净氮矿化速率与土壤指标呈显著相关关系, p < 0.05表示净氮矿化速率与土壤指标无显著相关关系。N0、N1、N2、N4、N8、N16、N24、N32分别表示氮添加水平分别为0、1、2、4、8、16、24、32 g·m -2。

Fig. 7 Correlation between net nitrogen (N) mineralization rates and soil temperature (ST), soil moisture (SM), pH and below- ground biomass (BGB) under different levels of N addition in a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China. p > 0.05 indicated that there was a significant correlation between the net N mineralization rate and soil indicators; p < 0.05 indicated that there was no significant correlation between the net nitrogen mineralization rate and soil indicators. N0, N1, N2, N4, N8, N16, N24 and N32 indicated that the nitrogen addition levels were 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g·m -2, respectively.

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华北盐渍化草地土壤净氮矿化速率对不同水平氮添加的响应

Response of soil net nitrogen mineralization to different levels of nitrogen addition in a saline-alkaline grassland of northern China

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