植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 506-518.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0142

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆草地蒸散与水分利用效率的时空特征

黄小涛1,2, 罗格平1,,A;*   

  1. 1中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 出版日期:2017-05-10 发布日期:2017-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 罗格平
  • 作者简介:

    * 通信作者Author for correspondence (E-mail:sunzhiqiang1956@sina.com)

  • 基金资助:
    基金项目 国家自然科学基金(41271126和41501098)和中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目(131965KYS-B20160004)

Spatio-temporal characteristics of evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in grasslands of Xinjiang

Xiao-Tao HUANG1,2, Ge-Ping LUO1,*   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China;

    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Online:2017-05-10 Published:2017-06-22
  • Contact: Ge-Ping LUO
  • About author:

    KANG Jing-yao(1991-), E-mail: kangjingyao_nj@163.com

摘要:

新疆地处中国西北干旱区, 草地分布广泛, 具有重要的经济和生态价值, 其蒸散(ET)与水分利用效率(WUE)的研究还比较薄弱, 尤其是草地WUE的研究还较为缺乏。该研究基于Biome-BGC模型对气候变化背景下1979-2012年新疆不同区域、不同草地类型的ETWUE的时空特征进行了系统模拟与分析。结果表明: 1979-2012年新疆草地年平均蒸散量为245.7 mm, 其年际变化趋势与降水变化趋势大体一致, 蒸散量总体低于降水量; 蒸散量高值区主要分布在天山、阿尔泰山、阿尔金山以及昆仑山北坡中低山带, 低值区主要分布在昆仑山高山区和平原荒漠区; 1979-2012年南疆草地年平均蒸散量为183.2 mm, 天山区域草地年平均蒸散量为357.9 mm, 北疆草地为221.3 mm, 冬季北疆草地蒸散量略大于天山区域草地; 新疆6类草地年平均蒸散量从大到小依次为中山草甸、沼泽草甸、典型草原、荒漠草原、高山草甸、盐生草甸, 这6类草地均是夏季蒸散量最高, 冬季最低, 春季略高于秋季。新疆草地WUE较高的区域主要集中在天山和阿尔泰山区域, WUE较低的区域主要集中在昆仑山高山区域及部分平原区域; 新疆草地全年WUE平均值为0.56 g·kg-1, 其中春、夏、秋季分别为0.43 g·kg-1、0.60 g·kg-1和0.48 g·kg-1; 1979-2012年WUE具有显著的区域差异: 北疆平均为0.73 g·kg-1, 南疆为0.26 g·kg-1, 天山区域为0.69 g·kg-1; 不同草地WUE差异也较为显著, 由高到低依次为中山草甸、典型草原、沼泽草甸、盐生草甸、高山草甸、荒漠草原。

关键词: 蒸散, 水分利用效率, 气候变化, Biome-BGC, 干旱区

Abstract:

Aims Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian arid areas, with grasslands widely distributed. Grasslands in Xinjiang provide significant economic and ecological benefits. However, research on evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the grasslands is still relatively weak. This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics on ET and WUE in the grasslands of Xinjiang in the context of climate change.Methods The Biome-BGC model was used to determine the spatio-temporal characteristics of ET and WUE of the grasslands over the period 1979-2012 across different seasons, areas and grassland types in Xinjiang.Important findings The average annual ET in the grasslands of Xinjiang was estimated at 245.7 mm, with interannual variations generally consistent with that of precipitation. Overall, the value of ET was lower than that of precipitation. The higher values of ET mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains, Altai Mountains, Altun Mountains and the low mountain areas on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains. The lower values of ET mainly distributed in the highland areas of Kunlun Mountains and the desert plains. Over the period 1979-2012, average annual ET was 183.2 mm in the grasslands of southern Xinjiang, 357.9 mm in the grasslands of the Tianshan Mountains, and 221.3 mm in grasslands of northern Xinjiang. In winter, ET in grasslands of northern Xinjiang was slightly higher than that of Tianshan Mountains. Average annual ET ranked among grassland types as: mid-mountain meadow > swamp meadow > typical grassland > desert grassland > alpine meadow > saline meadow. The highest ET value occurred in summer, and the lowest ET value occurred in winter, with ET in spring being slightly higher than that in autumn. The higher WUE values mainly distributed in the areas of Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains. The lower WUE values mainly distributed in the highland areas of Kunlun Mountains and part of the desert plains. The average annual WUE in the grasslands of Xinjiang was 0.56 g·kg-1, with the seasonal values of 0.43 g·kg-1 in spring, 0.60 g·kg-1 in summer, and 0.48 g·kg-1 in autumn, respectively. Over the period 1979-2012, the values of WUE displayed significant regional differences: the average values were 0.73 g·kg-1 in northern Xinjiang, 0.26 g·kg-1 in southern Xinjiang, and 0.69 g·kg-1 in Tianshan Mountains. There were also significant differences in WUE among grassland types. The values of WUE ranked in the order of mid-mountain meadow > typical grassland > swamp meadow > saline meadow > alpine meadow > desert grassland.

Key words: evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, climate change, Biome-BGC, arid area