兰州北山不同坡向刺槐叶脉密度与气孔性状的关联性分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0215

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物叶脉和气孔性状的关系反映了叶片的水力特性, 对认识它们与植物水分利用有关的生理功能间的关系及其调控作用具有重要意义。该文利用GIS (geographic information system)与实验生态学相结合的方法, 采用标准化主轴估计方法, 研究了兰州市北山不同坡向人工林刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)叶脉密度与气孔密度、气孔大小的关系。结果表明: 随着坡向由南坡向东坡、西坡和北坡转变, 植被群落的郁闭度、高度和土壤含水量呈逐渐增加的趋势, 刺槐的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、叶脉密度和气孔密度呈逐渐减小的趋势, 气孔与叶面积呈逐渐增大的趋势; 各个坡向的刺槐叶脉密度与气孔密度呈显著正相关关系, 与气孔大小呈显著负相关关系, 且在南坡达到极显著相关关系。生长在南坡的刺槐具有高的叶脉密度和密而小的气孔, 生长在北坡的刺槐具有低的叶脉密度和疏而大的气孔。不同坡向刺槐叶脉密度与气孔特征间的资源分配模式, 反映了植物在异质性生境中根据其功能需求在自身性状之间进行投资权衡机制的优化。

关键词: 刺槐, 叶脉密度, 气孔密度, 气孔大小, 坡向

Abstract: AimsThe relationship between leaf venation and stomatal traits reflects leaf water potential of plants, and is fundamental to probe the relationship between physiological functions and water use. Our objective was to study the changes in the relationship between venation density and stomatal traits (stomatal density and stomatal length) in Robinia pseudoacacia with the changes in slope aspects.MethodsIn Beishan Mountain of Lanzhou in Gansu Province, China, 20 transects were laid out horizontally along the contour at intervals of 50 m from an elevation of 1550-1750 m in four different slope aspects, and 12 plots were set up along each transect at intervals of 5 m. A handed GPS (global positioning system) was used to measure latitude, longitude and altitude at each plot. Community characteristics, including crown density, tree height and soil moisture, were investigated. Robinia pseudoacacia within all plots were sampled and used for measurements of individual leaf area, venation density, stomatal density and stomatal length in laboratory in each plot. The 240 plots were categorized into groups of southern, eastern, western and northern aspects, and the standardized major axis (SMA) estimation method was then used to examine the relationship between the stomatal density, stomatal length and vein density.Important findings The results showed that with a change of the aspect from south to east, west, and north, the crown density, average tree height and soil moisture of the plant community increased, while leaf net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vein density and stomatal density decreased. In addition, stomatal length and individual leaf area increased. Venation density of each aspect of R. pseudoacacia was positively correlated with stomatal density (p < 0.05) and negatively with stomatal length (p < 0.05). These correlations were strongest in south slope (p < 0.01).

Key words: Robinia pseudoacacia, vein density, stomatal density, stomatal length, slope

段贝贝, 赵成章, 徐婷, 郑慧玲, 冯威, 韩玲. 兰州北山不同坡向刺槐叶脉密度与气孔性状的关联性分析. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(12): 1289-1297. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0215

Bei-Bei DUAN, Cheng-Zhang ZHAO, Ting XU, Hui-Ling ZHENG, Wei FENG, Ling HAN. Correlation analysis between vein density and stomatal traits of Robinia pseudoacacia in different aspects of Beishan Mountain in Lanzhou. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(12): 1289-1297. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0215

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0215

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I12/1289

图/表 4

表1 不同坡向样地的主要特征(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Main characteristics of plots in different slope aspects (mean ± SE)

坡向 Aspect	群落特征 Community characteristics		土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%)
坡向 Aspect	郁闭度 Crown density (%)	高度 Height (cm)	土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%)
南坡 South slope	67.38 ± 2.71^c	301.72 ± 15.14^c	6.83 ± 0.51^c
东坡 East slope	79.09 ± 4.01^b	341.03 ± 13.22^b	7.91 ± 0.38^b
西坡 West slope	78.77 ± 5.29^b	339.45 ± 11.99^b	7.84 ± 0.41^b
北坡 North slope	87.15 ± 4.91^a	398.55 ± 23.35^a	8.77 ± 0.29^a

表2 不同坡向上刺槐叶片性状和光合特征(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Leaf traits and photosynthetic characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia in different slope aspects (mean ± SE)

	南坡 South slope	东坡 East slope	西坡 West slope	北坡 North slope
叶脉密度 Vein density (cm·cm^-2)	195.74 ± 9.80^a	177.19 ± 8.56^b	166.59 ± 8.33^b	150.01 ± 7.50^c
气孔密度 Stomatal density (No.·mm^-2)	238.16 ± 11.90^a	224.74 ± 11.24^b	229.85 ± 11.49^b	214.77 ± 11.74^c
气孔大小 Stomatal length (μm)	7.89 ± 0.39^c	8.76 ± 0.44^b	8.71 ± 0.44^b	9.64 ± 0.48^a
单叶叶面积 Individual leaf area (cm²)	5.18 ± 0.26^c	6.27 ± 0.31^b	6.46 ± 0.32^b	7.61 ± 0.38^a
PAR (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	1 024.51 ± 51.22^a	925.34 ± 46.27^b	920.57 ± 46.03^b	780.48 ± 39.02^c
P_n (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	6.24 ± 0.31^a	5.02 ± 0.25^b	4.88 ± 0.25^b	4.35 ± 0.22^c
T_r (mmol H₂O·m^-2·s^-1)	5.81 ± 0.29^a	4.78 ± 0.24^b	4.62 ± 0.23^b	3.89 ± 0.19^c

图1 不同坡向上刺槐叶脉密度与气孔密度的关系。A, 南坡。B, 东坡。C, 西坡。D, 北坡。y和x指两个特征参数: 气孔密度对数和叶脉密度对数, yA = 0.39x + 1.50代表南坡气孔密度与叶脉密度对数间的线性关系, 以此类推。

Fig. 1 Relationship between vein density and stomatal density of Robinia pseudoacacia in different aspects. A, South slope. B, East slope. C, West slope. D, North slope. y and x is two parameter: log stomatal density and log vein density, yA = 0.39x + 1.50 represents the logarithms of the linear relationship between stomatal density and vein density, the rest can be done in the same manner.

图2 不同坡向上刺槐叶脉密度与气孔大小的关系。A, 南坡。B, 东坡。C, 西坡。D, 北坡。y和x指两个特征参数: 气孔大小对数和叶脉密度对数, yA = -0.16x + 1.25代表南坡气孔大小与叶脉密度对数间的线性关系, 以此类推。

Fig. 2 Relationship between vein density and stomatal length of Robinia pseudoacacia in different aspects. A, South slope. B, East slope. C, West slope. D, North slope. y and x is two parameter: log stomatal length and log vein density, yA = -0.16x + 1.25 represents the logarithms of the linear relationship between stomatal length and vein density, the rest can be done in the same manner.

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