青藏高原地区气候图解数据集

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0360

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候图解可以直观反映气象台站基本信息和气温、降水等气象数据, 是研究植被与气候关系的有效方式。为便于了解青藏高原不同植被区域气候特征, 进一步认识青藏高原植被与气候关系, 该文基于1951-1980年与1981-2010年青藏高原地区国家地面气象台站基本信息和各30年平均观测数据, 依据《中国植被》所述标准制作每个气象台站的气候图解。论文提供了青藏高原地区主要台站气候图解集, 包括两个30年时间段共计205幅图解。研究表明: (1)青藏高原地区气温和降水总体水平偏低, 前后30年年平均气温和年降水量整体呈上升趋势; (2)青藏高原地区各气象台站记录值随植被区域不同表现出较大差异。虽然青藏高原西部地区的气象台站数量很少, 但该数据集仍涵盖了高原面上的不同植被地带, 可有效运用于高原植被与气候关系研究, 为展示高原气候环境等提供便利。

关键词: 气候图解, 图集, 青藏高原, 植被区域, 气候变化

Abstract:

Climate diagram can be used to reflect visually observation data of temperature and precipitation as well as information of weather stations. It is an effective tool for studying the relationship between vegetation and climate. This paper aims to provide the atlas of climate diagrams of the Qingzang Plateau, based on the 30-year averaged observational records of national surface weather stations during 1951-1980 and 1981-2010, respectively, in order to understand the plateau climate feature of every vegetation region and to further explore the vegetation- climate relationships on the plateau. The atlas of climate diagrams of 205 weather stations on the Qingzang Plateau for both the two 30-year periods were produced according to the standard of climate diagrams in Vegetation of China. Results showed that the temperature and precipitation of the Qingzang Plateau were overall low in the whole year but relatively higher in summer, and differed obviously among different vegetation regions. The mean annual temperature and annual precipitation showed an increasing trend from the first 30-year period of 1951-1980 to the later one of 1981-2010. Although the number of weather stations in the western plateau is very sparse, this climate diagram dataset covers every vegetation regions of the plateau surface. This atlas can be used effectively to study the relationships between vegetation and climate, and conveniently to display the climate environment of the plateau.

Key words: climate diagram, atlas, Qingzang Plateau, vegetation region, climate change

胡潇飞, 魏临风, 程琦, 吴星麒, 倪健. 青藏高原地区气候图解数据集. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(4): 484-492. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0360

HU Xiao-Fei, WEI Lin-Feng, CHENG Qi, WU Xing-Qi, NI Jian. A climate diagram atlas of Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(4): 484-492. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0360

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0360

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I4/484

图/表 4

图1 青藏高原地区气象台站分布。A, 1951-1980年。B, 1981-2010年。C, 植被区划图。D, 1951-2010年台站数量变化。III, 暖温带落叶阔叶林区域; IIIii, 暖温带南部落叶栎林地带; IV, 亚热带常绿阔叶林区域; IVAi, 北亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林地带; IVAii, 中亚热带常绿阔叶林地带; IVBi, 中亚热带常绿阔叶林地带; IVBiii, 亚热带山地寒温性针叶林地带; V, 热带季雨林、雨林区域; VBi, 北热带季节雨林、半常绿季雨林地带; VI, 温带草原区域; VIAii, 温带南部草原地带; VII, 温带荒漠区域; VIIBi, 温带半灌木、灌木荒漠地带; VIIBii, 暖温带灌木、半灌木荒漠地带; VIII, 青藏高原高寒植被区域; VIIIAi, 高寒灌丛、高寒草甸地带; VIIIAii, 高寒草甸地带; VIIIBi, 高寒草原地带; VIIIBii, 温性草原地带; VIIICi, 高寒荒漠地带; VIIICii, 温性荒漠地带。植被区划图依据《中国植被图集(1:1 000 000)》(中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会, 2001)绘制。

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of weather stations on the Qingzang Plateau. A, 1951-1980. B, 1981-2010. C, Vegetation regionalization map. D, Temporal change of the number of stations. III, warm-temperate deciduous broadleaf forest region; IIIii, southern warm-temperate deciduous Quercus forest zone; IV, subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest region; IVAi, northern subtropical broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest zone; IVAii, middle subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest zone; IVBi, middle subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest zone; IVBiii, subtropical mountains cold-temperate needleleaf forest zone; V, tropical monsoon rain forest and rain forest region; VBi, northern tropical seasonal rain forest, semi-evergreen monsoon rain forest zone; VI, temperate steppe region; VIAii, southern temperate steppe zone; VII, temperate desert region; VIIBi, temperate semi-shrubby and shrubby desert zone; VIIBii, warm-temperate shrubby and semi-shrubby desert zone; VIII, Qingzang Plateau alpine vegetation region; VIIIAi, subalpine scrub and alpine meadow zone; VIIIAii, alpine meadow zone; VIIIBi, alpine steppe zone; VIIIBii, temperate steppe zone; VIIICi, alpine desert zone; VIIICii, temperate desert zone. Vegetation regionalization map was drew based on Vegetation Atlas of China (1:1 000 000) (The Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2001).

表1 青藏高原地区气温和降水变化

Table 1 Changes of temperature and precipitation on the Qingzang Plateau

气候指标 Climate variable	年 Years	平均数±标准差 Mean ± SD	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	1951-1980	3.0 ± 4.2	14.7	-5.6
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	1981-2010	5.3 ± 4.7	17.0	-5.0
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	1951-1980	469.9 ± 235.2	1 667.6	17.6
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	1981-2010	528.5 ± 250.9	1 778.5	15.5

图2 1951-1980年和1981-2010年地理位置一致台站的气候指标差值。

Fig. 2 Differences of climatic variables in stations with the same location during 1951-1980 and 1981-2010.

表2 青藏高原各植被区域气候特征

Table 2 Characteristics of climate in different vegetation regions on the Qingzang Plateau

气候指标 Climate variable	年份 Years	植被区域 Vegetation region
气候指标 Climate variable	年份 Years	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII
T (℃)	1951-1980	3.2	7.0	3.7	4.2	1.6	0.4
T (℃)	1981-2010	4.1	8.9	8.0	6.2	3.3	1.3
T₁ (℃)	1951-1980	-9.0	-2.3	-4.7	-9.7	-12.7	-11.1
T₁ (℃)	1981-2010	-7.7	-0.3	0.8	-7.0	-10.5	-10.0
T₇ (℃)	1951-1980	13.7	15.0	11.2	15.6	14.2	10.6
T₇ (℃)	1981-2010	14.3	16.8	14.9	17.4	15.8	11.4
T_max (℃)	1951-1980	32.0	36.7	31.9	35.1	35.5	32.0
T_max (℃)	1981-2010	35.0	39.0	32.6	40.3	36.4	33.7
T_min (℃)	1951-1980	-28.5	-33.7	-33.2	-34.1	-39.6	-48.1
T_min (℃)	1981-2010	-27.9	-30.6	-19.1	-31.9	-32.0	-45.2
P (mm)	1951-1980	487.1	701.3	550.3	407.8	202.0	435.2
P (mm)	1981-2010	503.5	677.9	723.3	388.0	169.5	452.6
N_tmin< 0	1951-1980	5.3	5.2	6.0	6.3	7.4	8.0
N_tmin< 0	1981-2010	6.2	4.2	4.0	5.5	6.9	7.7

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