不同类型草原土壤净氮矿化速率的温度敏感性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0346

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 523-533.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0346 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2022.0346

不同类型草原土壤净氮矿化速率的温度敏感性

王袼¹^,^*, 胡姝娅², 李阳², 陈晓鹏¹, 李红玉¹, 董宽虎¹, 何念鹏³, 王常慧¹^,²^,^**

¹山西农业大学草业学院, 草地生态保护与乡土草种质创新山西省重点实验室, 山西太谷 030801
²中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
³中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2022-08-25 接受日期:2023-02-20 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-05-11
通讯作者: **
作者简介:wg18335963261@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA23080402);国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604802);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0606);山西省重点实验室项目(202104010910017)

Temperature sensitivity of soil net nitrogen mineralization rates across different grassland types

WANG Ge¹^,^*, HU Shu-Ya², LI Yang², CHEN Xiao-Peng¹, LI Hong-Yu¹, DONG Kuan-Hu¹, HE Nian-Peng³, WANG Chang-Hui¹^,²^,^**

¹College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecological Protection and Native Grass Germplasm Innovation, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
²State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2022-08-25 Accepted:2023-02-20 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-05-11
Contact: **
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23080402);National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0604802);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program(2019QZKK0606);Key Laboratory Program of Shanxi Province(202104010910017)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤中的无机氮是维持陆地生态系统生产力的主要限制因子, 主要通过有机氮的矿化产生。土壤氮可利用性的高低取决于土壤微生物、地上植被类型以及土壤理化性质等。土壤微生物对环境变化极为敏感, 尤其是温度与微生物生长繁殖密切相关。因此, 在较大空间范围内研究微生物调控氮矿化速率的温度敏感性(Q₁₀)对于预测全球气候变化对陆地生态系统生产力的影响至关重要。该研究以中国三大高原(内蒙古高原、黄土高原和青藏高原)的不同类型草原为研究对象, 通过野外采集土壤样品, 室内不同温度培养测定三大高原不同类型草地土壤的净氮矿化速率, 计算其Q₁₀, 并分析其与土壤微生物及土壤理化性质参数的相关性。结果表明: (1)黄土高原不同类型草地土壤氮矿化速率的Q₁₀显著高于内蒙古高原和青藏高原; (2)在黄土高原和内蒙古高原, 草甸草原和典型草原土壤净氮矿化速率的Q₁₀显著高于荒漠草原, 而青藏高原高寒草甸草原土壤净氮矿化速率的Q₁₀显著低于高寒典型草原和高寒荒漠草原; (3)三大高原草地土壤微生物生物量碳含量与土壤净氮矿化速率的Q₁₀显著相关; (4) Q₁₀的空间格局受微生物、土壤质地以及底物的共同调控。该研究结果为中国不同类型草原土壤氮循环对全球变化响应的研究提供了重要数据, 对于陆地生态系统氮循环模型的完善具有一定的科学价值。

关键词: 氨氧化微生物, 微生物生物量碳, 微生物生物量氮, 净氮矿化速率, 温度敏感性(Q₁₀)

Abstract:

Aims Soil available nitrogen (N), generated from a series of soil mineralization processes, is a major limiting factor of terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Soil N availability depends on soil microorganisms, vegetation types, and soil physical and chemical properties. Soil microorganisms are very sensitive to environmental changes, especially the temperature change, which is closely related with microbial growth and reproduction. Therefore, it is important to understand the temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of microbial regulation of N mineralization rates in a large spatial scale for predicting the impacts of global climate changes on terrestrial ecosystem productivity.
Methods Three types of grasslands (namely meadow steppe, typical steppe, and desert steppe) were selected in Nei Mongol Plateau, Loess Plateau, and Qingzang Plateau, respectively. Soil net N mineralization rates were measured at different temperatures in the laboratory, and then Q₁₀ of N mineralization rates were calculated across different grassland types. Relative parameters, including soil microbe, soil physical and chemical properties, were also analyzed.
Important findings (1) The highest Q₁₀ of soil net N mineralization rates was found in all of three grassland types of Loess Plateau than those of Nei Mongol and Qingzang Plateaus. (2) The Q₁₀ values of soil net N mineralization rates in the meadow steppes and typical steppes on the Loess Plateau and Nei Mongol Plateau were significantly higher than those in the desert steppes, while on the Qingzang Plateau, the values in the alpine meadow steppes were significantly lower than that in the alpine typical steppes and alpine desert steppes. (3) Q₁₀ values of soil net N mineralization rates was closely correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon content across different grassland types. (4) The spatial pattern of Q₁₀ is jointly regulated by microorganisms, soil texture and substrate. The results of this study provide important data for understanding of the response of soil N cycle to global change in different grassland types in China, which is valuable for optimization of N cycle models of terrestrial ecosystems in the future.

Key words: ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, net nitrogen mineralization rate, temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀)

王袼, 胡姝娅, 李阳, 陈晓鹏, 李红玉, 董宽虎, 何念鹏, 王常慧. 不同类型草原土壤净氮矿化速率的温度敏感性. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 523-533. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0346

WANG Ge, HU Shu-Ya, LI Yang, CHEN Xiao-Peng, LI Hong-Yu, DONG Kuan-Hu, HE Nian-Peng, WANG Chang-Hui. Temperature sensitivity of soil net nitrogen mineralization rates across different grassland types. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(4): 523-533. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0346

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0346

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I4/523

图/表 10

图1 中国三大草原采样点分布图。

Fig. 1 Layout of the sampling sites across three China grasslands.

表1 不同类型草原采样点地理位置、植被、土壤基本信息

Table 1 Geographical location, vegetation and soil basic information of sampling sites across different grassland types

采样点 Sample site	草原类型 Steppe type	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	土壤pH Soil pH	优势物种 Dominant species
黄土高原 Loess Plateau	山地草甸草原 Mountain meadow steppe	35.99-36.29	111.64-113.36	843.67 ± 7.82^c	10.82 ± 0.16^a	573.73 ± 2.58^a	8.05 ± 0.02^a	白羊草、兴安胡枝子、薹草 Bothriochloa ischaemum, Lespedeza davurica, Carex spp.
	山地典型草原 Mountain typical steppe	36.07-37.58	107.19-110.18	1 288.00 ± 37.47^b	8.23 ± 0.37^b	466.37 ± 9.60^b	8.09 ± 0.02^a	白羊草、兴安胡枝子、铁杆蒿 Bothriochloa ischaemum, Lespedeza davurica, Artemisia gmelinii
	山地荒漠草原 Mountain desert steppe	37.42-37.46	104.44-105.78	1 461.67 ± 37.90^a	7.05 ± 0.82^c	256.58 ± 9.53^c	8.23 ± 0.13^a	红砂、糙隐子草、阿尔泰狗娃花 Reaumuria songarica, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Aster altaicus
内蒙古高原 Nei Mongol Plateau	草甸草原 Meadow steppe	44.52-45.11	120.33-123.51	357.67 ± 45.83^c	4.87 ± 0.18^a	405.78 ± 6.29^a	8.18 ± 0.15^a	羊草、狗尾草、芦苇 Leymus chinensis, Setaria viridis, Phragmites australis
	典型草原 Typical steppe	43.55-44.77	116.52-118.36	1 111.00 ± 18.46^a	0.96 ± 0.12^c	362.39 ± 6.19^b	7.59 ± 0.05^b	羊草、针茅、薹草 Leymus chinensis, Stipa capillata, Carex spp.
	荒漠草原 Desert steppe	43.63-44.01	112.15-114.89	1 026.00 ± 12.44^b	2.09 ± 0.31^b	220.88 ± 9.68^c	7.05 ± 0.02^c	猪毛菜、蒙古韭、蒺藜 Kali collinum, Allium mongolicum, Tribulus terrestris
青藏高原 Qingzang Plateau	高寒草甸草原 Alpine meadow steppe	31.46-32.48	92.01-95.45	4 400.00 ± 44.15^b	-1.82 ± 0.41^a	552.67 ± 10.35^a	6.92 ± 0.07^b	薹草、高山嵩草、钉柱委陵菜 Carex spp., Carex parvula, Potentilla saundersiana
	高寒典型草原 Alpine typical steppe	31.38-31.92	85.84-90.74	4 678.25 ± 27.10^a	-4.04 ± 0.29^c	433.99 ± 10.66^b	8.16 ± 0.03^a	紫花针茅、薹草、针茅 Stipa purpurea, Carex spp., Stipa capillata
	高寒荒漠草原 Alpine desert steppe	32.30-32.48	80.15-83.34	4 488.00 ± 23.65^b	-2.89 ± 0.24^b	266.75 ± 11.28^c	8.23 ± 0.05^a	针茅、薹草、戈壁针茅 Stipa capillata, Carex spp., Stipa tianschanica var. gobica

表1 不同类型草原采样点地理位置、植被、土壤基本信息

Table 1 Geographical location, vegetation and soil basic information of sampling sites across different grassland types

采样点 Sample site	草原类型 Steppe type	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	土壤pH Soil pH	优势物种 Dominant species
黄土高原 Loess Plateau	山地草甸草原 Mountain meadow steppe	35.99-36.29	111.64-113.36	843.67 ± 7.82^c	10.82 ± 0.16^a	573.73 ± 2.58^a	8.05 ± 0.02^a	白羊草、兴安胡枝子、薹草 Bothriochloa ischaemum, Lespedeza davurica, Carex spp.
	山地典型草原 Mountain typical steppe	36.07-37.58	107.19-110.18	1 288.00 ± 37.47^b	8.23 ± 0.37^b	466.37 ± 9.60^b	8.09 ± 0.02^a	白羊草、兴安胡枝子、铁杆蒿 Bothriochloa ischaemum, Lespedeza davurica, Artemisia gmelinii
	山地荒漠草原 Mountain desert steppe	37.42-37.46	104.44-105.78	1 461.67 ± 37.90^a	7.05 ± 0.82^c	256.58 ± 9.53^c	8.23 ± 0.13^a	红砂、糙隐子草、阿尔泰狗娃花 Reaumuria songarica, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Aster altaicus
内蒙古高原 Nei Mongol Plateau	草甸草原 Meadow steppe	44.52-45.11	120.33-123.51	357.67 ± 45.83^c	4.87 ± 0.18^a	405.78 ± 6.29^a	8.18 ± 0.15^a	羊草、狗尾草、芦苇 Leymus chinensis, Setaria viridis, Phragmites australis
	典型草原 Typical steppe	43.55-44.77	116.52-118.36	1 111.00 ± 18.46^a	0.96 ± 0.12^c	362.39 ± 6.19^b	7.59 ± 0.05^b	羊草、针茅、薹草 Leymus chinensis, Stipa capillata, Carex spp.
	荒漠草原 Desert steppe	43.63-44.01	112.15-114.89	1 026.00 ± 12.44^b	2.09 ± 0.31^b	220.88 ± 9.68^c	7.05 ± 0.02^c	猪毛菜、蒙古韭、蒺藜 Kali collinum, Allium mongolicum, Tribulus terrestris
青藏高原 Qingzang Plateau	高寒草甸草原 Alpine meadow steppe	31.46-32.48	92.01-95.45	4 400.00 ± 44.15^b	-1.82 ± 0.41^a	552.67 ± 10.35^a	6.92 ± 0.07^b	薹草、高山嵩草、钉柱委陵菜 Carex spp., Carex parvula, Potentilla saundersiana
	高寒典型草原 Alpine typical steppe	31.38-31.92	85.84-90.74	4 678.25 ± 27.10^a	-4.04 ± 0.29^c	433.99 ± 10.66^b	8.16 ± 0.03^a	紫花针茅、薹草、针茅 Stipa purpurea, Carex spp., Stipa capillata
	高寒荒漠草原 Alpine desert steppe	32.30-32.48	80.15-83.34	4 488.00 ± 23.65^b	-2.89 ± 0.24^b	266.75 ± 11.28^c	8.23 ± 0.05^a	针茅、薹草、戈壁针茅 Stipa capillata, Carex spp., Stipa tianschanica var. gobica

表2 荧光定量PCR所用引物及扩增条件

Table 2 Primer sequences and reaction conditions used for fluorescence quantitative PCR

扩增基因 Amplification gene	引物 Primer	引物序列(5′-3′) Primer sequence (5′-3′)	片段长度 Fragment length	扩增条件 Amplification procedure
氨氧化古菌-氨单加氧酶基因 AOA-amoA	Arch-amoAF	STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG	635 bp	94 ℃预变性3 min; 94 ℃变性30 s, 55 ℃退火30 s, 72 ℃延伸1 min, 共30个循环; 72 ℃延伸10 min Pre-denaturation at 94 °C for 3 min; follow by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 s, annealing at 55 °C for 30 s, extension at 72 °C for 1 min; extension at 72 °C for 10 min
氨氧化古菌-氨单加氧酶基因 AOA-amoA	Arch-amoAR	GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT	635 bp
氨氧化细菌-氨单加氧酶基因 AOB-amoA	AmoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	491 bp
氨氧化细菌-氨单加氧酶基因 AOB-amoA	AmoA-2R	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC	491 bp

图2 不同高原的不同草地类型(A)和不同高原(B)土壤净氮矿化速率的温度敏感性(Q10, 平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一高原不同草地类型间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母表示不同高原间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Temperature sensitivity of soil net nitrogen mineralization (Q10, mean ± SE) of different steppe types (A) and different plateau (B). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different steppe types on the same plateau (p < 0.05); different uppercase letters indicate significant difference between different plateaus (p < 0.05).

表3 不同高原和草地类型对土壤净氮矿化速率的温度敏感性(Q10)、微生物特征的主效应及其交互效应的方差分析(F值)

Table 3 Results (F-value) of two-way ANOVA on the effect of different plateau and different steppe types and their interactions on temperature sensitivity of soil net nitrogen mineralization rates (Q10) and soil microorganism

因子 Factor	Q₁₀	微生物生物量碳含量 MBC content	微生物生物量氮含量 MBN content	微生物生物量碳氮含量比 MBC:MBN	氨氧化古菌丰度 AOA abundance	氨氧化细菌丰度 AOB abundance	氨氧化细菌与古菌丰度比 AOA:AOB
样带 Transect (T)	32.82^**	59.60^**	44.31	30.13^**	58.20^**	48.71^**	36.46^**
草地类型 Steppe type (S)	21.96^**	63.05^**	14 910.07^**	0.82	81.76^**	18.64^**	12.37^**
T × S	14.79^**	3.64^**	2 246.00^**	3.62^**	17.33^**	6.26^**	4.87^**

图3 不同高原和草地类型的铵态氮(A、B)、硝态氮(C、D)和无机氮(E、F)含量(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一高原不同草地类型间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示不同高原间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Contents of ammonium (A, B), nitrate (C, D) and inorganic nitrogen (E, F) in different plateau and steppe types (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different steppe types on the same plateau (p < 0.05); different uppercase letters indicate significant difference between different plateaus (p < 0.05).

图4 不同高原和草地类型的净铵化(A、B)、净硝化(C、D)、净氮矿化(E、F)速率(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示同一高原不同草地类型间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示不同高原间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Rate of net ammonization (A, B), net nitrification (C, D) and net nitrogen (N) mineralization (E, F) of different plateaus and steppe types (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different steppe types on the same plateau (p < 0.05); different uppercase letters indicate significant difference between different plateaus (p < 0.05).

图5 土壤净氮矿化速率的温度敏感性(Q10)与微生物生物量碳含量(A)、微生物生物量氮含量(B)、氨氧化古菌(AOA)丰度(C)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)丰度(D)的线性相关分析。

Fig. 5 Linear correlation analysis between temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil net nitrogen mineralization rates and microbial biomass carbon content (A), microbial biomass nitrogen content (B), ammonium-oxidation archaea (AOA) abundance (C) and ammonium-oxidation bacterial (AOB) abundance (D).

图6 土壤净氮矿化速率的温度敏感性(Q10)与年降水量(A)、年平均气温(B)、干燥度指数(C)、土壤黏粒含量(D)、土壤含水量(E)、pH (F)、土壤有机质(G)、全碳(H)、铵态氮(I)、硝态氮(J)、无机氮(K)含量的线性相关分析。

Fig. 6 Linear correlation analysis between temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil net nitrogen mineralization rates and mean annual precipitation (A), mean annual air temperature (B), aridity index (C), soil clay content (D), soil moisture content (E), pH (F), soil organic matter content (G), total carbon content (H), ammonium nitrogen content (I), nitrate nitrogen content content (J) and inorganic nitrogen content (K).

图7 年平均气温(MAT)、年降水量(MAP)、土壤有机质含量(SOM)、土壤黏粒含量(Clay)、土壤pH、微生物生物量碳含量(MBC)对草原土壤净氮矿化速率温度敏感性(Q10)影响的结构方程模型。红色和黑色实线分别表示正相关和负相关关系, 虚线表示相关性不显著。线段粗细分别代表相关性的显著程度, 箭头相邻的数字表示关系的标准化路径系数。χ2 = 8.581, p = 0.199, df = 6, 近似均方根误差(RMSEA) < 0.05。

Fig. 7 Structural equation model of effects of mean annual air temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), soil organic matter content (SOM), soil clay content (Clay), soil pH and microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) on temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil net nitrogen mineralization rate. The solid red and black lines indicate positive and negative effects, respectively, the dashed line indicates that the correlation is not significant. Arrow line thickness indicates the strength of the causal relationship. Numbers adjacent to arrows represented standardized path coefficients of the relationships. χ2 = 8.581, p = 0.199, df = 6, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.05.

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不同类型草原土壤净氮矿化速率的温度敏感性

Temperature sensitivity of soil net nitrogen mineralization rates across different grassland types

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