长白山白桦径向生长季节动态及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0144

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

白桦(Betula platyphylla)作为温带次生林的典型先锋树种, 在森林生长研究中具有重要意义。该研究利用微树芯法连续监测了长白山两个生长季(2020-2021年)白桦径向生长的季节动态, 并分析了其与环境因子的响应关系。结果表明, 白桦形成层于5月中下旬开始活动, 6月和7月为快速生长期, 9月下旬木质化结束。2021年早春温度升高导致白桦径向生长提前开始, 但两年径向生长停止的时间无显著差异。在快速生长期, 白桦径向生长速率与平均气温、最低气温、相对空气湿度和土壤温度呈显著正相关关系, 与饱和水汽压差呈显著负相关关系; 而在慢速生长期, 白桦径向生长速率仅与最低气温和土壤温度呈显著正相关关系; 在较干燥年份, 土壤含水量降低显著抑制了白桦径向生长, 温度始终是影响白桦年内径向生长的主要气候因子。研究结果对白桦林的经营和可持续管理具有参考价值。

关键词: 白桦, 微树芯, 温度, 形成层, 木质部

Abstract:

Aims Betula platyphylla, as a typical pioneer tree species in temperate secondary forests, has important significance in forest growth research.

Methods In this study, microcoring method was used to continuously monitor the seasonal dynamics of radial growth of B. platyphylla in Changbai Mountains during two growing seasons (2020-2021), and the relationship between radial growth and environmental factors was analyzed.

Important findings The results indicated that the cambium of B. platyphylla became active in mid to late May, with June and July being the periods of rapid growth, and the lignification ended in late September. The increase of temperature in early spring in 2021 led to an early onset of cambial activity, but there was no significant difference in the time of radial growth cessation between the two years. During the rapid growth period, the radial growth rate of B. platyphylla showed a significant positive correlation with mean air temperature, minimum air temperature, relative air humidity and soil temperature, while it exhibited a significant negative correlation with the saturation vapor pressure deficit. During the slow growth period, the radial growth rate showed a significant positive correlation only with the minimum air temperature and soil temperature. In the drier year, the decrease of soil water content significantly inhibited radial growth of B. platyphylla. Temperature was the main factor affecting intra-annual radial growth. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the sustainable management of B. platyphylla forests.

Key words: Betula platyphylla, microcoring, temperature, cambium, xylem

钱尼澎, 高浩鑫, 宋超杰, 董淳超, 刘琪璟. 长白山白桦径向生长季节动态及其对环境因子的响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(8): 1001-1010. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0144

QIAN Ni-Peng, GAO Hao-Xin, SONG Chao-Jie, DONG Chun-Chao, LIU Qi-Jing. Seasonal dynamics of radial growth of Betula platyphylla and its response to environmental factors in Changbai Mountains. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(8): 1001-1010. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0144

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0144

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I8/1001

图/表 7

图1 长白山北坡天然次生白桦林气候季节变化特征。Tmax, 最高气温; Tmean, 平均气温; Tmin, 最低气温; Ts, 土壤温度。

Fig. 1 Seasonal climate variation characteristics of natural secondary Betula platyphylla forest on the north slope of Changbai Mountains. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative air humidity; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; Ts, soil temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

图2 白桦木质部发生过程中形成层细胞各分化阶段的变化。点表示对应日期白桦4株样木细胞宽度的平均值, 阴影区域表示标准差。

Fig. 2 Changes of cambium cell in different differentiation stages during xylem formation of Betula platyphylla. The points represent the average cell width of 4 sampled trees on the corresponding date, and the shaded areas represent the standard deviation.

表1 2020和2021年白桦径向生长季节特征(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Seasonal characteristics of radial growth of Betula platyphylla in 2020 and 2021(mean ± SD)

年份 Year	增大阶段 Enlargement		细胞分裂持续时间(天) Duration of cell division (d)	壁增厚阶段 Wall-thickening		成熟阶段 Lignification		生长季持续时间(天) Duration of growing season (d)
年份 Year	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	细胞分裂持续时间(天) Duration of cell division (d)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	开始 Onset (DOY)	结束 End (DOY)	生长季持续时间(天) Duration of growing season (d)
2020	143 ± 3	255 ± 3	113 ± 4	150 ± 2	260 ± 3	171 ± 4	265 ± 3	123 ± 4
2021	138 ± 2	254 ± 3	117 ± 4	140 ± 4	259 ± 4	163 ± 3	264 ± 4	128 ± 3

图3 白桦木质部生长过程的季节模式。点表示白桦各样木径向生长总长度(包括增大细胞、细胞壁增厚细胞和成熟细胞); A、B中曲线为各样木Gompertz模型拟合曲线; C、D中曲线为各样木日生长速率曲线。

Fig. 3 Seasonal patterns of xylem growth in Betula platyphylla. The points represent the total length of radial growth of the sampled tree of Betula platyphylla (including enlarging, wall-thickening and mature cells). Curves in A and B represent the Gompertz fitting curve of the sampled trees; and curves in C and D represent the corresponding daily growth rate.

表2 白桦各样树Gompertz函数拟合的参数特征

Table 2 Parameter characteristics of Gompertz function fitting for each sampled tree of Betula platyphylla

年份 Year	样树 Sampled tree	A	β	k	R²	R_max(μm·d^-1)	R_mean(μm·d^-1)	t_p (d)
2020	1	876.29	4.87	0.025	0.95	8.23	5.02	191
	2	1 314.61	8.09	0.043	0.90	20.97	12.79	186
	3	308.11	9.65	0.056	0.85	6.41	3.91	170
	4	1 814.03	7.03	0.039	0.91	25.80	15.73	182
2021	1	1 400.39	10.39	0.061	0.84	31.33	19.11	171
	2	2 095.70	6.76	0.038	0.92	29.12	17.75	178
	3	1 156.22	12.53	0.076	0.96	32.38	19.74	164
	4	2 303.34	5.24	0.029	0.96	24.22	14.77	184

图4 白桦径向生长速率与环境因子的关系。PAR, 光合有效辐射; Pre, 降水量; RH, 相对湿度; SWC, 土壤含水量; Tmax, 最高气温; Tmean, 平均气温; Tmin, 最低气温; Ts, 土壤温度; VPD, 饱和水汽压差。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 4 Pearson correlation between radial growth rate of Betula platyphylla and climatic factors. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative air humidity; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; Ts, soil temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图5 白桦快速生长期(A)和慢速生长期(B)径向生长速率与气候因子的主成分(PC)分析。PAR, 光合有效辐射; Pre, 降水量; RH, 相对湿度; RGR, 径向生长速率; SWC, 土壤含水量; Tmax, 最高气温; Tmean, 平均气温; Tmin, 最低气温; Ts, 土壤温度; VPD, 饱和水汽压差。

Fig. 5 Principal component (PC) analysis of radial growth rate of Betula platyphylla and climatic factors during rapid (A) and slow (B) growth periods. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pre, precipitation; RH, relative air humidity; RGR, radial growth rate; SWC, soil water content; Tmax, maximum air temperature; Tmean, mean air temperature; Tmin, minimum air temperature; Ts, soil temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

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