树种菌根类型与根系性状对根际微生物网络复杂性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根际微生物网络深刻影响土壤碳周转、养分循环与植物生长等诸多生态过程。植物菌根类型与根系性状是影响植物生长与地下养分利用策略的重要因素, 然而不同菌根类型树种根系性状对根际微生物群落组成及网络性质的影响目前尚不清楚。该研究以帽儿山温带次生林为研究对象, 测定了5种丛枝菌根(AM)与7种外生菌根(EcM)树种的根系性状与根际土壤微生物群落组成, 探究不同树种菌根类型根系性状差异及其对根际微生物网络特性的影响。结果显示: (1) AM树种的细根比根长, 根系氮、磷含量均高于EcM树种, 不同菌根类型树种的根组织密度、根直径、根氮磷比无显著差异; (2) AM树种根际罗兹菌门的相对丰度显著高于EcM树种, 拟杆菌门相对丰度显著低于EcM树种, 不同菌根类型树种根际微生物群落多样性无显著差异; (3) EcM树种根际微生物网络更复杂, 细菌负凝聚力(Cohesion)显著强于AM树种; (4) AM树种根际微生物群落及其网络复杂性主要受比根长影响, 而EcM树种根际主要受根系直径、根氮磷比调节。研究结果表明, 树种菌根类型显著影响根系比根长和养分含量等资源获取性状, 并调控根系性状与根际微生物群落的联系, 从而改变微生物网络复杂性。

关键词: 菌根类型, 根系性状, 化学计量, 微生物共现网络

Abstract:

Aims The rhizosphere microbial network characteristics profoundly influence various ecological processes including soil carbon turnover, nutrient cycling and plant growth. Mycorrhizal types and root traits are crucial factors that affect plant growth and soil nutrient acquisition strategies. However, it is currently unclear how the root characteristics of different mycorrhizal tree species affect the topological structure of the rhizosphere microbial network.

Methods The present study focused on the secondary forest and investigated the root traits and rhizosphere soil microorganisms of five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species and seven ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree species to explore the impacts of mycorrhizal types on root traits and rhizosphere microbial network characteristics.

Important findings (1) Specific root length, root nitrogen, and root phosphorus contents of AM tree species were all higher than those of EcM tree species, while root tissue density, root diameter and root nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio showed no significant differences between the two mycorrhizal types. (2) The relative abundance of Rozellomycota in the rhizosphere of AM tree species was significantly higher than that of EcM tree species, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly lower in AM tree species compared to EcM tree species. There was no significant difference in the biodiversity of rhizosphere microbial communities between different mycorrhizal type tree species. (3) The rhizosphere microbial networks of EcM tree species were more complex, and the negative bacterial cohesions of EcM tree species were significantly stronger than AM tree species. (4) The specific root length of AM tree species and the root diameter and root nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio of EcM tree species were identified as key factors predicting rhizosphere microbial network. These findings suggest that the mycorrhizal type of tree species significantly influences root traits such as specific root length and nutrient content to regulate the relationship between root traits and rhizosphere microbial communities and microbial network complexity.

Key words: mycorrhizal types, root traits, stoichiometry, microbial co-occurrence network

郭李琦, 闫晓蕾, 曹磊, 高景, 刘瑞强, 周旭辉. 树种菌根类型与根系性状对根际微生物网络复杂性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(4): 573-584. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0001

GUO Li-Qi, YAN Xiao-Lei, CAO Lei, GAO Jing, LIU Rui-Qiang, ZHOU Xu-Hui. Effects of mycorrhizal types and root traits of tree species on rhizosphere microbial network complexity. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(4): 573-584. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0001

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0001

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I4/573

图/表 7

表1 采集树种的胸径状况(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 DBH of collected tree species (mean ± SE)

树种 Tree species	拉丁名 Latin name	菌根类型 Mycorrhizal type	胸径 DBH (cm)
卫矛	Euonymus alatus	丛枝根菌 AM	2.87 ± 0.12
青楷槭	Acer tegmentosum	丛枝根菌 AM	5.93 ± 1.05
色木槭	Acer mono	外生根菌 EcM	7.17 ± 3.67
春榆	Ulmus davidiana var. japonica	外生根菌 EcM	14.43 ± 3.13
红松	Pinus koraiensis	外生根菌 EcM	16.02 ± 2.97
白桦	Betula platyphylla	外生根菌 EcM	21.02 ± 1.25
落叶松	Larix gmelinii	外生根菌 EcM	24.17 ± 3.10
黄檗	Phellodendron amurense	丛枝根菌 AM	25.91 ± 1.28
胡桃楸	Juglans mandshurica	丛枝根菌 AM	27.08 ± 3.17
山杨	Populus davidiana	外生根菌 EcM	32.01 ± 5.17
蒙古栎	Quercus mongolica	外生根菌 EcM	32.23 ± 4.00
水曲柳	Fraxinus mandshurica	丛枝根菌 AM	36.20 ± 1.38

图1 12个树种的根系性状及菌根类型效应(平均值±标准误)。AM, 丛枝菌根; EcM, 外生菌根。Am, 色木槭; AT, 青楷槭; BP, 白桦; EA, 卫矛; FM, 水曲柳; JM, 胡桃楸; LG, 落叶松; PA, 黄檗; PD, 山杨; PK, 红松; QM, 蒙古栎; UD, 春榆。不同小写字母代表不同树种间差异显著(p < 0.05)。括号内的百分数为不同菌根树种的变异系数; *代表混合效应模型中菌根类型效应的显著性水平: **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 1 Root traits among 12 tree species and the effect of mycorrhizal types on root traits (mean ± SE). AM, arbuscular mycorrhiza; EcM, ectomycorrhiza; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus. Am, Acer mono; AT, Acer tegmentosum; BP, Betula platyphylla; EA, Euonymus alatus; FM, Fraxinus mandshurica; JM, Juglans mandshurica; LG, Larix gmelinii; PA, Phellodendron amurense; PD, Populus davidiana; PK, Pinus koraiensis; UD, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; QM, Quercus mongolica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different tree species (p < 0.05). The percentage in parentheses represent the coefficient of variation on different mycorrhizal tree species; * indicate the significance levels of mycorrhizal type effects in the mixed effects model: **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图2 不同菌根类型树种根际微生物群落组成(平均值±标准误)。*代表菌根类型间相对丰度差异显著(p < 0.05)。AM, 丛枝菌根; EcM, 外生菌根。

Fig. 2 Microbial community composition between different mycorrhizal types of tree species (mean ± SE). * indicates a significant difference in relative abundance between mycorrhizal types (p < 0.05). AM, arbuscular mycorrhiza; EcM, ectomycorrhiza.

图3 不同菌根类型树种根际微生物群落多样性(平均值±标准误)。AM, 丛枝菌根; EcM, 外生菌根。Am, 色木槭; AT, 青楷槭; BP, 白桦; EA, 卫矛; FM, 水曲柳; JM, 胡桃楸; LG, 落叶松; PA, 黄檗; PD, 山杨; PK, 红松; QM, 蒙古栎; UD, 春榆。不同小写字母代表不同树种间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Microbial diversity between different mycorrhizal types of tree species (mean ± SE). AM, arbuscular mycorrhiza; EcM, ectomycorrhiza. Am, Acer mono; AT, Acer tegmentosum; BP, Betula platyphylla; EA, Euonymus alatus; FM, Fraxinus mandshurica; JM, Juglans mandshurica; LG, Larix gmelinii; PA, Phellodendron amurense; PD, Populus davidiana; PK, Pinus koraiensis; UD, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; QM, Quercus mongolica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different tree species (p < 0.05).

图4 不同菌根类型树种根际微生物网络。点的大小代表微生物类群度的大小。AM, 丛枝菌根; EcM, 外生菌根。

Fig. 4 Microbial network between different mycorrhizal types of tree species. The size of points indicates the degree of microbial taxonomies. AM, arbuscular mycorrhiza; EcM, ectomycorrhiza.

图5 不同菌根类型树种根际微生物群落复杂性(平均值±标准误)。AM, 丛枝菌根; EcM, 外生菌根。Am, 色木槭; AT, 青楷槭; BP, 白桦; EA, 卫矛; FM, 水曲柳; JM, 胡桃楸; LG, 落叶松; PA, 黄檗; PD, 山杨; PK, 红松; QM, 蒙古栎; UD, 春榆。不同小写字母代表不同树种间差异显著(p < 0.05); *代表混合效应模型中菌根类型效应显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Microbial community complexity between different mycorrhizal types of tree species (mean ± SE). AM, arbuscular mycorrhiza; EcM, ectomycorrhiza. Am, Acer mono; AT, Acer tegmentosum; BP, Betula platyphylla; EA, Euonymus alatus; FM, Fraxinus mandshurica; JM, Juglans mandshurica; LG, Larix gmelinii; PA, Phellodendron amurense; PD, Populus davidiana; PK, Pinus koraiensis; UD, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; QM, Quercus mongolica. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different tree species (p < 0.05); * represents a significant mycorrhizal type effect in the mixed effects model (p < 0.05).

表2 不同菌根类型树种根际微生物多样性、群落复杂性与根系性状的联系

Table 2 Relationship among microbial biodiversity, community complexity and root traits between different mycorrhizal types of tree species

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