长期围封后高寒草原植物根系分泌物特征与环境因子关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0049

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 596-609.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0049 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0049

长期围封后高寒草原植物根系分泌物特征与环境因子关系

王娟¹, 张登山², 肖元明³^,⁴, 裴全帮⁵, 王博³^,⁶, 樊博³, 周国英³^,⁴^,^*()()

¹青海大学, 西宁 810016
²青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
³中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008
⁴中国科学院藏药研究重点实验室, 西宁 810008
⁵青海省种羊繁育推广服务中心, 青海刚察 812300
⁶中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-02-18 接受日期:2024-06-20 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-18
通讯作者: * (zhougy@nwipb.cas.cn)
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金(2023-ZJ-902T);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020201)

Relationships between the characteristics of root exudate and environmental factors in the alpine steppe following long-term grazing exclusion

WANG Juan¹, ZHANG Deng-Shan², XIAO Yuan-Ming³^,⁴, PEI Quan-Bang⁵, WANG Bo³^,⁶, FAN Bo³, ZHOU Guo-Ying³^,⁴^,^*()()

¹Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
²State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
³Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
⁴Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
⁵Qinghai Provincial Sheep Breeding Promotion Service Center, Gangcha, Qinghai 812300, China
⁶University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-02-18 Accepted:2024-06-20 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-18
Contact: * (zhougy@nwipb.cas.cn)
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2023-ZJ-902T);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26020201)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物根系分泌物在植物-土壤-微生物互馈过程中发挥重要作用, 然而对长期围封后青藏高原高寒草原植物根系分泌物碳、氮、磷分泌速率和化学计量特征及其与环境因子之间的关系仍知之甚少。该研究以青海湖流域紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)高寒草原为研究对象, 基于放牧和长期围封处理的野外实验样地, 在植物群落水平和物种水平进行根系碳、氮、磷分泌速率及其化学计量特征研究, 并进一步解析根系分泌物特征与植物群落特征和土壤因子的关系。主要结果: (1)长期围封显著降低了高寒草原群落水平根系碳、氮分泌速率以及分泌物碳磷比和氮磷比, 对磷分泌速率和分泌物碳氮比无显著影响; (2)整体上, 长期围封对高寒草原植物根系碳、氮、磷分泌速率具有显著的负效应, 同时, 除了分泌物氮磷比以外, 长期围封对分泌物碳氮比和碳磷比也表现出显著的处理效应, 特别是赖草(Leymus secalinus)的分泌物碳氮比和碳磷比在长期围封后显著下降; (3)高寒草原杂类草物种的根系分泌物能力整体上表现出高于禾草和莎草的模式, 其中阿尔泰狗娃花(Aster altaicus)根系碳、氮、磷分泌速率远高于其他物种; (4)高寒草原群落水平根系碳、氮分泌速率和分泌物氮磷比与植物群落多样性、群落组成以及土壤含水量和氮含量显著相关。进一步分析表明了高寒草原群落水平根系碳、氮、磷分泌速率的主导因子不同, 根系碳分泌速率受土壤因子影响最大, 根系氮、磷分泌速率受植物群落组成影响最大。总的来看, 长期围封对于高寒草原根系分泌速率及其化学计量特征具有显著影响, 该结果对于进一步认识草地围封管理后的其他生态系统功能变化具有重要意义。

关键词: 根系分泌物, 化学计量特征, 禁牧, 植物群落组成, 高寒草原, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims Plant root exudates play important roles in the plant-soil-microbes interactions and feedbacks. However, the responses of root carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exudate rates and their stoichiometric characteristics in the alpine steppe to long-term grazing exclusion and relationships between them and environmental factors remain poorly understood on the Qingzang Plateau.

Methods In the study, based on a long-term grazing exclusion experiment on the Qinghai Lake Basin, we evaluated the root C, N and P exudate rates and their stoichiometric characteristics at the plant community and species level. Furthermore, the relationships between root exudate characteristics and plant community characteristics, as well as soil factors were also explored.

Important findings Our results showed that: (1) Root C and N exudate rates and their C:P and N:P at plant community level decreased after long-term grazing exclusion, although root P exudate rate and their C:N were not significantly changed. (2) The long-term grazing exclusion exerted negative effects on root C, N and P exudate rates at the species level, and had significant effects on their C:P and N:P simultaneously, with the greatest decline observed in the Leymus secalinus. (3) The root exudate ability of forb species was found to be greater than that of grass and sedge species, which was demonstrated by the observations that the root C and N exudate rate of the Aster altaicus was significantly higher than that of other species. (4) The root C and N exudate rate and N:P of exudation at the plant community level were significantly related to plant diversity, plant community composition, soil water content and soil N content. The further analysis revealed that the key factors affecting root C, N and P exudate rate were different, indicating that the root C exudate rate was most affected by soil factors, while root N and P exudate rate were most affected by the plant community composition. In conclusion, the long-term enclosure has imposed significant effects on the root exudate rate and their stoichiometry in the alpine steppe, which is of great significance for understanding the changes of other ecosystem functions after grassland enclosure management in the future.

Key words: root exudation, stoichiometric characteristics, grazing exclusion, plant community composition, alpine steppe, Qingzang Plateau

王娟, 张登山, 肖元明, 裴全帮, 王博, 樊博, 周国英. 长期围封后高寒草原植物根系分泌物特征与环境因子关系. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(4): 596-609. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0049

WANG Juan, ZHANG Deng-Shan, XIAO Yuan-Ming, PEI Quan-Bang, WANG Bo, FAN Bo, ZHOU Guo-Ying. Relationships between the characteristics of root exudate and environmental factors in the alpine steppe following long-term grazing exclusion. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(4): 596-609. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0049

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0049

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I4/596

图/表 7

图1 青藏高原高寒草原研究区实验地位置和概况。

Fig. 1 Geographical location and landscape of experimental field site at study area in the alpine steppe on the Qingzang Plateau.

表1 放牧和围封处理间高寒草原土壤因子差异(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Differences of soil factors between grazing and fencing treatments in the alpine steppe (mean ± SE)

土壤因子 Soil factor	放牧 Grazing	围封 Fencing	p
SWC (%)	18.38 ± 0.40	21.17 ± 0.58	0.005 3
pH	8.10 ± 0.05	8.03 ± 0.03	0.337 7
NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	8.59 ± 0.61	12.61 ± 1.12	0.018 6
NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	7.94 ± 0.42	7.20 ± 0.77	0.430 9
AP (mg·kg^-1)	8.90 ± 0.64	9.71 ± 0.48	0.339 4
SOC (g·kg^-1)	30.17 ± 1.47	29.96 ± 1.14	0.913 2
TC (g·kg^-1)	47.15 ± 3.28	64.70 ± 6.68	0.028 9
TN (g·kg^-1)	3.34 ± 0.17	6.38 ± 0.44	0.000 6
TP (g·kg^-1)	0.18 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.02	0.425 9
Clay (%)	13.70 ± 0.64	13.46 ± 0.60	0.788 0
Silt (%)	32.18 ± 0.99	34.21 ± 1.01	0.189 9
Sand (%)	51.53 ± 1.42	48.89 ± 1.16	0.397 3

表2 放牧和围封处理间高寒草原植物群落组成

Table 2 Species composition of plant community between grazing and fencing treatments in the alpine steppe

功能群 Functional group	物种名 Species name	放牧 Grazing	重要值 IV (%)	围封 Fencing	重要值 IV (%)
禾草 Grass (6)	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	√	10.61	√	11.60
	草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis	√	7.55	√	8.22
	赖草 Leymus secalinus	√	7.08	√	47.18
	草 Koeleria macrantha	√	5.14	√	3.01
	冰草 Agropyron cristatum	√	5.02	√	3.16
	垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	√	4.33	-	-
豆科 Legume (3)	披针叶黄华 Thermopsis lanceolata	√	1.93	√	1.55
	甘肃棘豆 Oxytropis kansuensis	√	0.63	-	-
	多枝黄耆 Astragalus polycladus	√	1.81	-	-
莎草 Sedge (2)	无穗柄薹草 Carex ivanoviae	√	4.82	√	5.79
莎草 Sedge (2)	矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	√	2.50	-	-
杂类草 Forb (13)	马蔺 Iris lactea	√	4.64	-	-
	阿尔泰狗娃花 Aster altaicus	√	4.51	√	3.31
	三辐柴胡 Bupleurum triradiatum	√	3.15	√	0.90
	蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	√	2.45	-	-
	葵花大蓟 Cirsium souliei	√	1.56	-	-
	白花枝子花 Dracocephalum heterophyllum	√	1.48	√	1.78
	猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia	√	1.29	-	-
	蕨麻 Argentina anserina	√	1.16	√	4.64
	狼毒 Stellera chamaejasme	√	0.82	-	-
	楔叶委陵菜 Potentilla cuneata	√	0.77	-	-
	乳白香青 Anaphalis lactea	√	0.68	-	-
	甘肃马先蒿 Pedicularis kansuensis	√	0.66	-	-
	达乌里秦艽 Gentiana dahurica	√	0.21	-	-

图2 放牧和围封处理后高寒草原植物群落水平根系分泌物特征差异(平均值±标准误)。C, 碳; N, 氮; P, 磷。

Fig. 2 Differences of root exudates characteristics at plant community level under grazing and fencing treatment in the alpine steppe (mean ± SE). C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus.

图3 放牧和围封处理后高寒草原物种水平根系分泌物特征差异(平均值±标准误)。处理内不同物种间根系分泌物特征差异多重比较的结果用字母表示, 不同小写字母表示放牧处理下物种之间根系分泌物特征存在显著差异(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示围封处理下物种之间根系分泌物特征存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。C, 碳; N, 氮; P, 磷。

Fig. 3 Differences of root exudates characteristics at species level under grazing and fencing treatment in the alpine steppe (mean ± SE). Multiple comparison results of root exudates characteristics at species level within a treatment are presented with letters, in which different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in root exudation characteristics between species under grazing treatment (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in root exudation characteristics between species under enclosure treatment (p < 0.01). C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus.

图4 高寒草原植物群落水平根系分泌物特征与环境因子间的关系。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。NMDS, 非度量多维尺度分析。

Fig. 4 Relationships between root exudates characteristics at plant community level and environmental factors. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. NMDS, non-metric multidimensional scaling. C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus.

图5 高寒草原植物群落水平根系分泌物特征的方差分解。

Fig. 5 Variation partitioning of root exudates characteristics at plant community level.

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长期围封后高寒草原植物根系分泌物特征与环境因子关系

Relationships between the characteristics of root exudate and environmental factors in the alpine steppe following long-term grazing exclusion

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