雌雄异株克隆植物髭脉槭对种间竞争的性别差异响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0071

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物的营养生长与繁殖过程会受到种间竞争的选择压力。由于克隆植物的克隆构件性以及雌雄异株植物的繁殖成本的差异, 可能导致其对种间竞争的响应并不一致, 并可能存在性别差异。了解雌雄异株克隆植物在种间竞争中不同生理活动的响应对于理解植物的适应性和种群动态具有重要意义。该研究以雌雄异株克隆植物髭脉槭(Acer barbinerve)为研究对象, 采用Hegyi指数量化种间竞争强度, 在基株水平上探讨雌雄异株克隆植物的繁殖过程与营养生长对种间竞争强度变化的响应。在样地内随机选取一定数量的雌、雄髭脉槭基株, 于花期和果期对髭脉槭基株进行基础调查并统计花果数、花果生物量及叶面积等指标, 运用线性回归分析各指标与种间竞争强度的相关性, 探究雌、雄基株的有性繁殖、克隆繁殖和营养生长对种间竞争强度的响应差异。雌、雄基株的克隆繁殖和营养生长均受种间竞争强度的显著抑制, 但雌株的营养生长受到更大程度的抑制作用。髭脉槭雌株的有性繁殖不受竞争强度影响, 而雄株仅在2023年花期受种间竞争强度的显著抑制。研究结果表明, 尽管雌性和雄性受到的种间竞争强度没有显著差异, 但它们对种间竞争的响应却存在明显的差异, 这种性别差异主要表现在营养生长和有性繁殖过程。

关键词: 种间竞争, 性别二态性, 雌雄异株, 克隆植物

Abstract:

Aims Vegetative growth and reproductive processes of plants are subject to selective pressure from interspecific competition. Clonal plants exhibit clonal modularity, and dioecious plants have varying reproductive costs for males and females. These may result in inconsistent responses of physiological activities to interspecific competition in dioecious clonal plants, potentially showing gender differences. Assessing the response of physiological activities of dioecious clonal plants to interspecific competition is significant for understanding the adaptability and population dynamics of plants.

Methods We focused on the dioecious clonal plant Acer barbinerve and utilized the Hegyi index to quantify interspecific competition intensity. At the level of genets, we examined the response of reproductive processes and vegetative growth of the dioecious clonal plant to changes in interspecific competition intensity. During the flowering and fruiting periods, we randomly selected a certain number of male and female genets of A. barbinerve and measured flower and fruit numbers, biomass, and leaf area. Additionally, we used linear regression analysis to explore the relationship between these variables and interspecific competition intensity. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in responses of sexual reproduction, clonal reproduction, and growth to interspecific competition intensity between male and female genets.

Important findings Interspecific competition inhibited clonal reproduction and vegetative growth of both female and male genets of A. barbinerve, but the inhibition on vegetative growth of females was stronger. Sexual reproduction of females was not influenced by interspecific competition, whereas that of males was significantly inhibited during the flowering period in 2023. These results suggest that, while interspecific competition intensity was similar in females and male, they displayed distinct responses to interspecific competition, particularly in their growth and sexual reproductive processes.

Key words: interspecific competition, sexual dimorphism, dioecy, clonal plant

廖丹, 王艺彤, 雷晶晶, 王映霓, 张新娜, 王娟. 雌雄异株克隆植物髭脉槭对种间竞争的性别差异响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(12): 1623-1636. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0071

LIAO Dan, WANG Yi-Tong, LEI Jing-Jing, WANG Ying-Ni, ZHANG Xin-Na, WANG Juan. Gender-specific responses to interspecific competition in the dioecious clonal plant Acer barbinerve. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(12): 1623-1636. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0071

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指标 Variable	2021花期 2021 Flowering		2021果期 2021 Fruiting		2023花期 2023 Flowering		2023果期 2023 Fruiting
指标 Variable	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male
基株数量 Genet number	30	36	24	29	30	38	28	37
平均分株数量 Average ramet number	3.37 ± 0.36^cd	2.86 ± 0.31^d	3.38 ± 0.33^bcd	2.83 ± 0.31^d	4.93 ± 0.33^abc	4.87 ± 0.42^abc	5.14 ± 0.52^ab	6.08 ± 0.62^a
基株胸径 DBH of genets (mm)	68.24 ± 8.32^a	59.03 ± 6.57^a	68.85 ± 6.83^a	61.27 ± 7.33^a	43.95 ± 5.26^a	49.39 ± 5.21^a	50.08 ± 6.02^a	56.35 ± 5.82^a
基株基径 BD of genets (mm)	96.46 ± 10.86^a	87.23 ± 8.47^a	95.17 ± 9.28^a	85.05 ± 11.11^a	83.29 ± 8.06^a	88.56 ± 7.47^a	87.60 ± 8.35^a	99.80 ± 9.01^a
基株总高度 Total height of genets (m)	8.84 ± 1.11^a	7.69 ± 0.85^a	8.97 ± 0.77^a	8.58 ± 1.04^a	10.08 ± 0.98^a	9.76 ± 0.85^a	10.44 ± 0.95^a	11.10 ± 0.97^a
种间竞争强度 Interspecific competition index	7.34 ± 1.38^a	9.86 ± 1.62^a	7.31 ± 0.34^a	9.27 ± 1.56^a	11.87 ± 1.85^a	10.13 ± 1.50^a	12.43 ± 2.23^a	8.98 ± 1.37^a

指标 Variable	2021花期 2021 Flowering		2021果期 2021 Fruiting		2023花期 2023 Flowering		2023果期 2023 Fruiting
指标 Variable	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male
基株数量 Genet number	30	36	24	29	30	38	28	37
平均分株数量 Average ramet number	3.37 ± 0.36^cd	2.86 ± 0.31^d	3.38 ± 0.33^bcd	2.83 ± 0.31^d	4.93 ± 0.33^abc	4.87 ± 0.42^abc	5.14 ± 0.52^ab	6.08 ± 0.62^a
基株胸径 DBH of genets (mm)	68.24 ± 8.32^a	59.03 ± 6.57^a	68.85 ± 6.83^a	61.27 ± 7.33^a	43.95 ± 5.26^a	49.39 ± 5.21^a	50.08 ± 6.02^a	56.35 ± 5.82^a
基株基径 BD of genets (mm)	96.46 ± 10.86^a	87.23 ± 8.47^a	95.17 ± 9.28^a	85.05 ± 11.11^a	83.29 ± 8.06^a	88.56 ± 7.47^a	87.60 ± 8.35^a	99.80 ± 9.01^a
基株总高度 Total height of genets (m)	8.84 ± 1.11^a	7.69 ± 0.85^a	8.97 ± 0.77^a	8.58 ± 1.04^a	10.08 ± 0.98^a	9.76 ± 0.85^a	10.44 ± 0.95^a	11.10 ± 0.97^a
种间竞争强度 Interspecific competition index	7.34 ± 1.38^a	9.86 ± 1.62^a	7.31 ± 0.34^a	9.27 ± 1.56^a	11.87 ± 1.85^a	10.13 ± 1.50^a	12.43 ± 2.23^a	8.98 ± 1.37^a

指标 Variable	计算方法 Calculation method
胸径 Diameter at breast height (DBH) (mm)	基株胸径= Σ (分株胸径) DBH of genet = Σ (DBH of ramets)
基径 Basal diameter (mm)	基株基径= Σ (分株基径) Basal diameter of genet = Σ (basal diameter of ramets)
总高度 Total height (m)	基株总高度= Σ (分株株高) Total height of genet = Σ (height of ramets)
花数 Number of flowers	分株花数=枝条平均花朵数量×枝条数量, 基株花数= Σ (分株花数) Number of flowers per ramet = average number of flowers per branch × number of branches, number of flowers per genet = Σ (number of flowers per ramet)
花生物量 Biomass of flowers (g)	分株花生物量=分株花数×单花干质量, 基株花生物量= Σ (分株花生物量) Biomass of flowers per ramet = number of flowers per ramet × dry mass per flower, biomass of flowers per genet = Σ (biomass of flowers per ramet)
果数 Number of fruits	分株果数=枝条平均果数量×枝条数量, 基株果数= Σ (分株果数) Number of fruits per ramet = average number of fruits per branch × number of branches, number of fruits per genet = Σ (number of fruits per ramet)
果生物量 Biomass of fruits (g)	分株果生物量=分株果数×单果干质量, 基株果生物量= Σ (分株果生物量) Biomass of fruits per ramet = number of fruits per ramet × dry mass per fruit, biomass of fruits per genet = Σ (biomass of fruits per ramet)
叶数 Number of leaves	分株叶数=枝条平均花朵数量×枝条数量, 基株叶数= Σ (分株叶数) Number of leaves per ramet = average number of leaves per branch × number of branches, number of leaves per genet = Σ (number of leaves per ramet)
叶生物量 Biomass of leaves (g)	分株叶生物量=分株花数×单叶干质量, 基株叶生物量= Σ (分株叶生物量) Biomass of leaves per ramet = number of leaves per ramet × dry mass per leaf, biomass of leaves per genet = Σ (biomass of leaves per ramet)
叶面积 Leaf area (m²)	分株叶面积=分株叶数×单叶面积, 基株叶面积= Σ (分株叶面积) Leaf area per ramet = number of leaves per ramet × area per leaf, leaf area per genet = Σ (leaf area per ramet)

指标 Variable	计算方法 Calculation method
胸径 Diameter at breast height (DBH) (mm)	基株胸径= Σ (分株胸径) DBH of genet = Σ (DBH of ramets)
基径 Basal diameter (mm)	基株基径= Σ (分株基径) Basal diameter of genet = Σ (basal diameter of ramets)
总高度 Total height (m)	基株总高度= Σ (分株株高) Total height of genet = Σ (height of ramets)
花数 Number of flowers	分株花数=枝条平均花朵数量×枝条数量, 基株花数= Σ (分株花数) Number of flowers per ramet = average number of flowers per branch × number of branches, number of flowers per genet = Σ (number of flowers per ramet)
花生物量 Biomass of flowers (g)	分株花生物量=分株花数×单花干质量, 基株花生物量= Σ (分株花生物量) Biomass of flowers per ramet = number of flowers per ramet × dry mass per flower, biomass of flowers per genet = Σ (biomass of flowers per ramet)
果数 Number of fruits	分株果数=枝条平均果数量×枝条数量, 基株果数= Σ (分株果数) Number of fruits per ramet = average number of fruits per branch × number of branches, number of fruits per genet = Σ (number of fruits per ramet)
果生物量 Biomass of fruits (g)	分株果生物量=分株果数×单果干质量, 基株果生物量= Σ (分株果生物量) Biomass of fruits per ramet = number of fruits per ramet × dry mass per fruit, biomass of fruits per genet = Σ (biomass of fruits per ramet)
叶数 Number of leaves	分株叶数=枝条平均花朵数量×枝条数量, 基株叶数= Σ (分株叶数) Number of leaves per ramet = average number of leaves per branch × number of branches, number of leaves per genet = Σ (number of leaves per ramet)
叶生物量 Biomass of leaves (g)	分株叶生物量=分株花数×单叶干质量, 基株叶生物量= Σ (分株叶生物量) Biomass of leaves per ramet = number of leaves per ramet × dry mass per leaf, biomass of leaves per genet = Σ (biomass of leaves per ramet)
叶面积 Leaf area (m²)	分株叶面积=分株叶数×单叶面积, 基株叶面积= Σ (分株叶面积) Leaf area per ramet = number of leaves per ramet × area per leaf, leaf area per genet = Σ (leaf area per ramet)

指标 Indicator	2021花期 2021 Flowering		2021果期 2021 Fruiting		2023花期 2023 Flowering		2023果期 2023 Fruiting
指标 Indicator	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male	雌株 Female	雄株 Male
花数量 Number of flowers	699.19 ± 116.84^b	855.67 ± 146.48^b			1 134.96 ± 216.25^ab	1 392.06 ± 200.88^a
花生物量 Biomass of flowers (g)	4.52 ± 0.95^ab	2.40 ± 0.67^b			4.91 ± 0.78^a	3.09 ± 0.50^ab
果数量 Number of fruits			624.64 ± 112.15^a				596.00 ± 86.55^a
果生物量 Biomass of fruits (g)			56.25 ± 9.73^a				51.40 ± 8.86^a
叶数量 Number of leaves	1 606.10 ± 174.83^ab	1 492.56 ± 136.70^b	2 535.65 ± 282.28^a	2 293.45 ± 235.29^ab	1 928.10 ± 185.52^ab	2 134.47 ± 233.60^ab	1 885.41 ± 198.78^ab	1 744.58 ± 226.59^ab
叶生物量 Biomass of leaves (g)	58.10 ± 6.55^b	51.56 ± 4.87^b	210.66 ± 25.47^a	189.46 ± 20.02^a	67.15 ± 7.45^b	72.42 ± 6.24^b	201.33 ± 28.33^a	179.01 ± 28.20^a
叶面积 Leaf area (m²)	3.02 ± 0.48^b	2.80 ± 0.33^b	10.18 ± 1.34^a	7.46 ± 0.80^a	2.73 ± 0.26^b	2.86 ± 0.25^b	7.69 ± 1.00^a	7.33 ± 1.09^a