Greenhouse gas fluxes of typical northern subtropical forest soils: Impacts of land use change and reduced precipitation

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0069

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims It is important to study the effects of land use change and reduced precipitation on greenhouse gas fluxes (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O) of forest soils. Methods The fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O and their responses to environmental factors of primary forest soil, secondary forest soil and artificial forest soil under a reduced precipitation regime were explored using the static chamber and gas chromatography methods during the period from January to December in 2014. Important findings Results indicate that CH₄ uptake of primary forest soil ((-44.43 ± 8.73) μg C·m^-2·h^-1) was significantly higher than that of the secondary forest soil ((-21.64 ± 4.86) μg C·m^-2·h^-1) and the artificial forest soil ((-10.52 ± 2.11) μg C·m^-2·h^-1). CH₄ uptake of the secondary forest soil ((-21.64 ± 4.86) μg C·m^-2·h^-1) was significantly higher than that of the artificial forest ((-10.52 ± 2.11) μg C·m^-2·h^-1). CO₂ emissions of the artificial forest soil ((106.53 ± 19.33) μg C·m^-2·h^-1) were significantly higher than that of the primary forest soil ((49.50 ± 8.16) μg C·m^-2·h^-1) and the secondary forest soil ((63.50 ± 5.35) μg C·m^-2·h^-1) (p < 0.01). N₂O emissions of the secondary forest soil ((1.91 ± 1.22) μg N·m^-2·h^-1) were higher than that of the primary forest soil ((1.40 ± 0.28) μg N·m^-2·h^-1) and the artificial forest soil ((1.01 ± 0.86) μg N·m^-2·h^-1). Reduced precipitation (-50%) had a significant inhibitory effect on CH₄ uptake of the artificial forest soil, while it enhanced CO₂ emissions of the primary forest soil and the secondary forest soil. Reduced precipitation had a significant inhibitory effect on CO₂ emissions of the artificial forest soil and N₂O emissions of the secondary forest (p < 0.01). Reduced precipitation promotes N₂O emissions of the primary forest soil and the artificial forest soil. CH₄ uptake of the primary forest and the secondary forest soil increased significantly with the increase of soil temperature under natural and reduced precipitation. CO₂ and N₂O emission fluxes of the primary forest soil, secondary forest soil and artificial forest soil were positively correlated with soil temperature (p < 0.05). Soil moisture inhibited CH₄ uptake of the secondary forest soil and the artificial forest soil (p < 0.05). CO₂ emissions of the primary forest soil were significantly positively correlated with soil moisture (p < 0.05). N₂O emissions of primary forest soil and secondary forest soil were significantly correlated with the nitrate nitrogen content (p < 0.05). It was implied that reduced precipitation and land use change would have significant effects on greenhouse gas emissions of subtropical forest soils.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201610008

Key words: Mt. Shennongjia, precipitation reduction, land use change, emissions of CO2, uptake of CH4, emissions of N2O, environmental factors

Hua JU, Guo-Zhen SHEN, Ming-Zhe MA, Jie-Lin GE, Wen-Ting XU, Chang-Ming ZHAO, Qiu- Liang ZHANG. Greenhouse gas fluxes of typical northern subtropical forest soils: Impacts of land use change and reduced precipitation[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(10): 1049-1063.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0069

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2016/V40/I10/1049

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 The woodland surface soil (0-20 cm) physicochemical properties under the three kind of land use type in Shennongjia, Hubei, China (mean ± SE)

土壤因子 Factors of soil	原始林 Primary forest	次生林 Secondary forest	人工林 Artificial forest
全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	3.83 ± 0.43	1.90 ± 0.28	1.35 ± 0.06
全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	801.50 ± 0.03	239.23 ± 37.74	245.47 ± 12.93
全钾 Total K (g·kg^-1)	6.35 ± 0.01	19.69 ± 0.61	18.06 ± 0.41
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	7.43 ± 0.92	5.06 ± 1.09	3.32 ± 0.5.
铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	34.32 ± 3.46	17.04 ± 1.42	13.70 ± 1.20
可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	119.80 ± 30.83	76.69 ± 20.54	92.97 ± 9.34
可溶性有机氮 Organic nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	22.98 ± 5.64	13.03 ± 3.80	14.18 ± 0.99
有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	57.58 ± 8.12	18.99 ± 3.61	14.46 ± 1.10
pH	5.50 ± 0.02	5.13 ± 0.22	4.96 ± 0.05
土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·m^-1)	1.30 ± 0.04	1.32 ± 0.07	1.47 ± 0.01
土壤湿度 Soil moisture (%)	48.50 ± 1.33	32.54 ± 0.01	30.00 ± 1.79

Table 2 Site characteristics of three kind of land use type in Shennongjia, Hubei, China

土地利用类型 Land use types	原始林 Primary forest	次生林 Secondary forest	人工林 Artificial forest
位置 Location	31.31° N 110.47° E	31.33° N 110.49° E	31.32° N 110.49° E
海拔 Elevation (m)	1 670	1 321	1 325
坡度 Slope (°)	40°	38°	36°
降水量 Precipitation (mm)	708.8	637.40	2187.60
平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	11.5	10.97	9.60
郁闭度 Canopy	0.90	0.95	0.93
建群种 Constructive species	米心水青冈 Fagus engleriana 青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	桦木 Betula luminifera 鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 短柄枹栎 Quercus glandulifera
土壤类型 Soil type	山地黄棕壤 Mountain yellow brown earth	山地黄棕壤 Mountain yellow brown earth	山地黄棕壤 Mountain yellow brown earth

Fig. 1 Greenhouse gas fluxes of the primary forest, secondary forest and artificial forest (mean ± SE). The capital letters indicated the differences land use types in significant at 0.05 level and lowercase letters indicated the same land use types under different precipitation reduction treatments were significant at 0.05 level. AF, artificial forest; PF, primary forest; SF, secondary forest. NR, natural precipitation site; RR, precipitation reduction 50% site.

Fig. 2 Relationships between the CH4 fluxes and the soil temperature at 5 cm below surface and soil moisture at the 5 cm in the primary forest (PF), secondary forest (SF) and artificial forest (AF). NR, natural precipitation site; RR, precipitation reduction 50% site. a1, slope of dash line; a2, slope of solid line.

Fig. 3 Relationships between the CO2 fluxes and the soil temperature at 5 cm below surface and soil moisture at 5 cm in the primary forest (PF) , secondary forest (SF) and artificial forest (AF). NR, natural precipitation site; RR, precipitation reduction 50% site. a1, slope of dash line; a2, slope of solid line.

Fig. 4 Relationships between the N2O fluxes and the soil temperature at 5 cm below surface and soil moisture at 5 cm in the primary forest (PF), secondary forest (SF) and artificial forest (AF). NR, natural precipitation site; RR, precipitation reduction 50% site. a1, slope of dash line; a2, slope of solid line.

Fig. 5 Relationships between the N2O fluxes and soil nitrate nitrogen content in the primary forest (PF), secondary forest (SF) and artificial forest (AF). NR, natural precipitation site; RR, precipitation reduction 50% site. a1, slope of dash line; a2, slope of solid line.

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