Edge effects of forest gap in Pinus massoniana plantations on the ecological stoichiometry of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0393

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Pinus massoniana is one of the major plantation tree species in the low hilly lands along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Valley in China’s “Grain for Green” project. The objective of this study was to explore the edge effects of forest gap on the ecological stoichiometry of dominant tree species in a P. massoniana plantation forest.Methods We collected Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves in a 39-year-old P. massoniana plantation forest with seven forest gap sizes (G1: 100 m²; G2: 225 m²; G3: 400 m²; G4: 625 m²; G5: 900 m²; G6: 1 225 m²; G7: 1 600 m², and the control: closed canopy) located in Gao County, south Sichuan Province during different seasons. The contents of C, N and P in leaves were measured, and the effects of edges, seasons and their interaction on leaf C, N and P contents and C:N:P stoichiometry were evaluated.Important findings The leaf C content, C:N and C:P of C. longepaniculatum at the edge of forest gaps in different seasons were all significantly higher than those of understory plants in P. massoniana plantation. With increasing size of forest gaps, leaf C content and C:N ratio, C:P and N:P of C. longepaniculatum increased initially and then decreased with the maximum at medium size (400-900 m²). From spring to winter, leaf N and P contents of C. longepaniculatum increased after an obvious decrease; and the C:N and C:P increased first but then decreased. However, the inflection point all appeared in the summer. The nutrient utilization of C. longepaniculatum at the edge of forest gaps was more efficient in summer and autumn than in spring and winter, indicating significant edge effects. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that gap size, relative light intensity and monthly average air temperature were the main environmental factors affecting the stoichiometry of C. longepaniculatum at the different edge of forest gaps in the P. massoniana plantation. These results indicated that forest gap with size 625 m² had the highest organic matter storage and nutrient utilization efficiency in the edge areas in all seasons, and therefore had the most significant edge effect on leaf element stoichiometry.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201710006

Key words: gap size, edge effect, stoichiometry, Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, Pinus massoniana plantation

Si-Meng SONG, Dan-Ju ZHANG, Jian ZHANG, Wan-Qin YANG, Yan ZHANG, Yang ZHOU, Xun LI. Edge effects of forest gap in Pinus massoniana plantations on the ecological stoichiometry of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(10): 1081-1090.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0393

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2017/V41/I10/1081

Figures/Tables 8

References 43

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林窗 Gap	面积 Size (m²)	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	坡位 Slope position
G1	100	28.60° N, 104.56° E	423	24.5	SW	中坡 Middle slope
G2	225	28.61° N, 104.56° E	438	26.1	SE	中坡 Middle slope
G3	400	28.60° N, 104.56° E	408	23.5	SE	中坡 Middle slope
G4	625	28.60° N, 104.57° E	424	24.2	SE	中坡 Middle slope
G5	900	28.61° N, 104.57° E	441	21.5	S	中坡 Middle slope
G6	1 225	28.61° N, 104.56° E	418	27.0	SE	中坡 Middle slope
G7	1 600	28.60° N, 104.56° E	430	26.5	SE	中坡 Middle slope
CK	-	28.61° N, 104.57° E	427	23.9	SE	中坡 Middle slope

林窗 Gap	面积 Size (m²)	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	坡位 Slope position
G1	100	28.60° N, 104.56° E	423	24.5	SW	中坡 Middle slope
G2	225	28.61° N, 104.56° E	438	26.1	SE	中坡 Middle slope
G3	400	28.60° N, 104.56° E	408	23.5	SE	中坡 Middle slope
G4	625	28.60° N, 104.57° E	424	24.2	SE	中坡 Middle slope
G5	900	28.61° N, 104.57° E	441	21.5	S	中坡 Middle slope
G6	1 225	28.61° N, 104.56° E	418	27.0	SE	中坡 Middle slope
G7	1 600	28.60° N, 104.56° E	430	26.5	SE	中坡 Middle slope
CK	-	28.61° N, 104.57° E	427	23.9	SE	中坡 Middle slope

林窗 Gap	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	含水量 Soil water content (%)	最大持水量 Maximum field capacity (g·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	土壤全碳 Soil total carbon (g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)
G1	1.21 ± 0.09^c	22.10 ± 3.09^a	392.87 ± 6.44^a	4.03 ± 0.11^b	11.67 ± 2.99^b	0.63 ± 0.15^bc	0.45 ± 0.11^c
G2	1.22 ± 0.11^bc	21.67 ± 4.31^a	364.43 ± 10.04^ab	4.22 ± 0.17^ab	11.15 ± 1.51^b	0.57 ± 0.12^d	0.44 ± 0.08^d
G3	1.23 ± 0.08^ab	21.39 ± 4.08^ab	373.16 ± 8.57^ab	4.24 ± 0.23^ab	11.90 ± 1.45^ab	0.56 ± 0.06^d	0.49 ± 0.14^a
G4	1.23 ± 0.11^ab	22.15 ± 3.11^a	379.47 ± 8.85^ab	4.24 ± 0.10^ab	12.67 ± 1.52^a	0.64 ± 0.15^b	0.49 ± 0.07^a
G5	1.22 ± 0.12^bc	21.40 ± 3.51^ab	381.48 ± 11.54^ab	4.34 ± 0.21^ab	11.69 ± 1.21^b	0.67 ± 0.12^a	0.47 ± 0.15^b
G6	1.23 ± 0.17^a	21.99 ± 4.17^a	381.24 ± 13.21^ab	4.34 ± 0.27^ab	11.90 ± 1.54^ab	0.62 ± 0.23^c	0.49 ± 0.12^a
G7	1.23 ± 0.26^a	21.33 ± 1.96^ab	359.62 ± 6.14^b	4.19 ± 0.11^ab	11.14 ± 1.37^b	0.54 ± 0.12^e	0.46 ± 0.08^bc
CK	1.24 ± 0.14^a	20.16 ± 2.14^b	358.19 ± 15.79^b	4.46 ± 0.32^a	9.48 ± 0.56^c	0.47 ± 0.62^f	0.43 ± 0.12^d

林窗 Gap	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	含水量 Soil water content (%)	最大持水量 Maximum field capacity (g·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	土壤全碳 Soil total carbon (g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)
G1	1.21 ± 0.09^c	22.10 ± 3.09^a	392.87 ± 6.44^a	4.03 ± 0.11^b	11.67 ± 2.99^b	0.63 ± 0.15^bc	0.45 ± 0.11^c
G2	1.22 ± 0.11^bc	21.67 ± 4.31^a	364.43 ± 10.04^ab	4.22 ± 0.17^ab	11.15 ± 1.51^b	0.57 ± 0.12^d	0.44 ± 0.08^d
G3	1.23 ± 0.08^ab	21.39 ± 4.08^ab	373.16 ± 8.57^ab	4.24 ± 0.23^ab	11.90 ± 1.45^ab	0.56 ± 0.06^d	0.49 ± 0.14^a
G4	1.23 ± 0.11^ab	22.15 ± 3.11^a	379.47 ± 8.85^ab	4.24 ± 0.10^ab	12.67 ± 1.52^a	0.64 ± 0.15^b	0.49 ± 0.07^a
G5	1.22 ± 0.12^bc	21.40 ± 3.51^ab	381.48 ± 11.54^ab	4.34 ± 0.21^ab	11.69 ± 1.21^b	0.67 ± 0.12^a	0.47 ± 0.15^b
G6	1.23 ± 0.17^a	21.99 ± 4.17^a	381.24 ± 13.21^ab	4.34 ± 0.27^ab	11.90 ± 1.54^ab	0.62 ± 0.23^c	0.49 ± 0.12^a
G7	1.23 ± 0.26^a	21.33 ± 1.96^ab	359.62 ± 6.14^b	4.19 ± 0.11^ab	11.14 ± 1.37^b	0.54 ± 0.12^e	0.46 ± 0.08^bc
CK	1.24 ± 0.14^a	20.16 ± 2.14^b	358.19 ± 15.79^b	4.46 ± 0.32^a	9.48 ± 0.56^c	0.47 ± 0.62^f	0.43 ± 0.12^d

林窗 Gap	月平均气温 Mean monthly air temperature (℃)				月平均空气湿度 Mean monthly air humidity (%)				相对光强 Relative light intensity (%)
林窗 Gap	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter	春 Spring	夏 Summer	秋 Autumn	冬 Winter
G1	19.43	28.41	21.03	6.45	71.9	84.7	94.6	83.3	61.7	87.8	55.3	58.9
G2	19.23	28.51	22.05	6.21	72.4	87.2	94.5	86.1	63.6	90.5	57.4	59.2
G3	19.67	29.73	21.67	5.98	69.8	89.6	94.7	86.4	64.7	94.8	60.4	60.1
G4	19.76	29.88	22.22	9.03	72.2	90.0	96.3	89.1	67.9	95.4	65.2	66.3
G5	19.27	30.42	22.63	8.43	69.1	88.3	93.4	84.7	68.3	95.0	66.9	66.6
G6	19.92	30.63	21.91	7.11	71.3	86.1	92.6	85.2	71.0	96.4	69.4	68.8
G7	19.80	30.74	22.55	7.10	69.7	86.3	91.7	85.3	71.8	98.2	70.4	71.4
CK	18.32	27.66	20.09	3.12	72.5	90.3	93.6	87.3	18.6	16.4	16.2	17.2