Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 1140-1153.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0142
Special Issue: 全球变化与生态系统； 生态系统结构与功能； 植物功能性状
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PAN Quan1,2, ZHENG Hua1,2,*(
), WANG Zhi-Heng3, WEN Zhi1,2, YANG Yan-Zheng1
Received:2020-05-11
Accepted:2020-11-08
Online:2021-10-20
Published:2020-12-17
Contact:
ZHENG Hua
Supported by:PAN Quan, ZHENG Hua, WANG Zhi-Heng, WEN Zhi, YANG Yan-Zheng. Effects of plant functional traits on ecosystem services: a review[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(10): 1140-1153.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0142
Fig. 1 Flow diagram of literature filtering for research on plant functional traits and ecosystem services.
| 生态系统服务类别 Ecosystem service type | 生态系统服务 Ecosystem service | 定义内涵 Definition and connotation | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 供给服务 Provisioning service | 生物量 Biomass | 生态系统内所有物种的总质量(干质量) The mass (dry mass) of all species in the ecosystem | Grigulis et al., et al., |
| 净初级生产力 Net primary production | 生态系统在给定的时间内积累的化学能的量, 通常由碳生物量表示 The amount of chemical energy, typically expressed as carbon biomass, that ecosystem accumulate in a given length of time | Quétier et al., | |
| 调节服务 Regulating service | 土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content | 生态系统中的土壤有机碳储量 Soil organic carbon sequestration in the ecosystems | Adair et al., |
| 水文调节 Water regulation | 生态系统参与水文过程而形成的调洪补枯效应 Ecosystems mitigate flood and increase base flow in dry season through participating hydrological processes | Wen et al., | |
| 温度调节 Heat regulation | 生态系统通过影响热量交换而调节大气温度 Ecosystems regulate air temperature by affecting heat exchange | Lundholm et al., | |
| 土壤保持 Soil retention | 生态系统固持土壤、减少土壤侵蚀的效应 Ecosystems retain soils and reduce soil erosion | Burylo et al., | |
| 生物控制 Biocontrol | 生态系统控制有害生物(如害虫、有害杂草等)的效应 Ecosystems control pests (e.g., harmful insects and weeds) | Storkey et al., | |
| 支持服务 Supporting service | 土壤肥力 Soil fertility | 生态系统通过促进物质分解和矿化从而提高土壤肥力的效应 Soil fertility is increased by promoting organic material decomposition and mineralization | Handa et al., |
| 授粉 Pollination | 生态系统通过支持授粉昆虫活动而产生的效应 Ecosystems provide habitats for pollinator to increase productivity | Fornoff et al., |
Table 1 Classification and connotation of ecosystem services
| 生态系统服务类别 Ecosystem service type | 生态系统服务 Ecosystem service | 定义内涵 Definition and connotation | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 供给服务 Provisioning service | 生物量 Biomass | 生态系统内所有物种的总质量(干质量) The mass (dry mass) of all species in the ecosystem | Grigulis et al., et al., |
| 净初级生产力 Net primary production | 生态系统在给定的时间内积累的化学能的量, 通常由碳生物量表示 The amount of chemical energy, typically expressed as carbon biomass, that ecosystem accumulate in a given length of time | Quétier et al., | |
| 调节服务 Regulating service | 土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content | 生态系统中的土壤有机碳储量 Soil organic carbon sequestration in the ecosystems | Adair et al., |
| 水文调节 Water regulation | 生态系统参与水文过程而形成的调洪补枯效应 Ecosystems mitigate flood and increase base flow in dry season through participating hydrological processes | Wen et al., | |
| 温度调节 Heat regulation | 生态系统通过影响热量交换而调节大气温度 Ecosystems regulate air temperature by affecting heat exchange | Lundholm et al., | |
| 土壤保持 Soil retention | 生态系统固持土壤、减少土壤侵蚀的效应 Ecosystems retain soils and reduce soil erosion | Burylo et al., | |
| 生物控制 Biocontrol | 生态系统控制有害生物(如害虫、有害杂草等)的效应 Ecosystems control pests (e.g., harmful insects and weeds) | Storkey et al., | |
| 支持服务 Supporting service | 土壤肥力 Soil fertility | 生态系统通过促进物质分解和矿化从而提高土壤肥力的效应 Soil fertility is increased by promoting organic material decomposition and mineralization | Handa et al., |
| 授粉 Pollination | 生态系统通过支持授粉昆虫活动而产生的效应 Ecosystems provide habitats for pollinator to increase productivity | Fornoff et al., |
| 类型 Type | 植物功能性状 Plant functional trait | 解释 Explanation | 参考文献 Reference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 植株 Plant | 生活型 Life form | 植物的年度周期或外貌特征 The annual cycle or appearance characteristics of plants | Storkey et al., | |||||||
| 繁殖方式 Reproduction mode | 有性或无性繁殖 Sexual or asexual reproduction | Paquette & Messier, | ||||||||
| 冠层结构 Canopy architecture | 冠层大小和厚度 Canopy size and thickness | Lundholm et al., | ||||||||
| 生长速率 Relative growth rate | 一段时间内生物量增长量 Biomass growth over a period of time | Everwand et al., | ||||||||
| 最大高度 Max height | 成熟植株的最大高度 Maximum height of a mature plant | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 茎生长速率 Stem growth rate | 植物高度与生长年龄的比值 Ratio of plant height to growth age | Moonen et al., | ||||||||
| 茎质量百分比 Stem mass ratio | 茎生物量占植株生物量的比例 Ratio of stem biomass to plant biomass | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 叶质量百分比 Leaf mass ratio | 叶片生物量占植株生物量比例 Ratio of leaf biomass to plant biomass | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 根质量百分比 Root mass ratio | 根生物量占植株生物量的比例 Ratio of root biomass to plant biomass | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 花质量百分比 Flower mass ratio | 花生物量占植株生物量的比例 Ratio of flower biomass to plant biomass | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 叶茎质量比 Leaf:stem ratio | 叶片和茎的干质量的比 Ratio of the dry mass of the leaf to the stem | Storkey et al., | ||||||||
| 根茎比 Root:shoot ratio | 根与茎的干物质量比 Dry matter ratio of root to stem | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 耐阴性 Shade tolerance | 植物忍耐阴蔽的能力, 常用无量纲量表示 The ability of plants to tolerate shade, often expressed as a dimensionless | Paquette & Messier, | ||||||||
| 耐旱性 Drought tolerance | 植物忍耐干旱的能力, 常用无量纲量表示 The ability of plants to tolerate drought, usually dimensionless | Paquette & Messier, | ||||||||
| 耐涝性 Waterlogging tolerance | 植物忍耐洪涝的能力, 常用无量纲量表示 The ability of plants to withstand floods, often expressed in dimensionless terms | Paquette & Messier, | ||||||||
| 种子 Seed | 种子质量 Seed mass | 单颗种子的质量 The mass of a single seed | Paquette & Messier, | |||||||
| 种子数量 Seed number | 单位面积生产的种子数量 Number of seeds produced per unit area | Santala et al., | ||||||||
| 种子长度 Seed length | 单颗种子或多颗种子的平均长度 The average length of a single seed or multiple seeds | Rolo et al., | ||||||||
| 花 Flower | 开花时间 Time of flowering | 植物开始开花时间 The time plant starting to bloom | Pakeman, | |||||||
| 花期长度 Duration of flowering | 开花的持续时间 Duration of flowering | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花形状 Flower shape | 花冠的形状 Corolla shape | Sole-Senan et al., | ||||||||
| 花对称性 Flower symmetry | 花朵的对称性, 单边/双边 Symmetry of flowers, unilateral/bilateral | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 授粉模式 Pollination mode | 植物的授粉媒介 Pollinator | Zirbel et al., | ||||||||
| 花大小和密度 Flower size and density | 花的直径和单位面积花朵数量 Flower diameter and number of flowers per unit area | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花序类型 Inflorescence type | 花在花轴上的排列顺序 The order of flowers on the flower axis | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 紫外线反射率 UV reflectance | 植物对紫外线的反射率 Plant reflectance to ultraviolet | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花颜色 Flower color | 花朵的反射光谱范围 Reflectance spectrum range of flowers | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花蜜类型 Nectar type | 花蜜的可及性以及糖、氨基酸含量 Availability of nectar, sugar and amino acid content | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花的高度 Flower height | 花朵的高度 Flower height to ground | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 叶 Leaf | 叶片数量 Leaf number | 单个枝条上叶片的数量 Number of leaves on a single branch | Li et al., | |||||||
| 长叶时间 Time of leafing | 植物叶片开始生长时间 Plant leaf start time | Pakeman, | ||||||||
| 叶面积 Leaf area | 单个叶片或多个叶片平均的单侧投影面积 The average single-sided projected area of a single blade or multiple blades | Cornelissen et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片厚度 Leaf thickness | 叶片的厚度 Blade thickness | La Pierre & Smith, | ||||||||
| 叶片韧性 Leaf toughness | 穿透叶片最宽部分(避免中脉)所需的力 The force required to penetrate the widest part of the leaf (avoid the midrib) | La Pierre & Smith, | ||||||||
| 叶片组织密度 Leaf tissue density | 单位面积的叶片鲜质量 Leaf fresh mass per unit area | Wen et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片形状 Leaf shape | 叶片的形状, 常用宽与长的比率表示 The shape of the blade, usually expressed by the ratio of width to length | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片寿命 Leaf lifespan | 叶片从生长到凋落的时间 Time from growth to fall of leaves | Wright et al., | ||||||||
| 比叶质量 Leaf mass per area | 单位面积的叶片干质量 Dry mass of leaf per unit area | Wright et al., | ||||||||
| 类型 Type | 植物功能性状 Plant functional trait | 解释 Explanation | 参考文献 Reference | |||||||
| 比叶面积 Specific leaf area | 单位质量的叶面积 Leaf area per unit mass | Cornelissen et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content | 叶片中氮的含量 Nitrogen content in leaves | Wright et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片磷含量 Leaf phosphorus content | 叶片中磷的含量 Phosphorus content in leaves | Lin et al., | ||||||||
| 叶碳氮比 Leaf carbon:nitrogen ratio | 叶片碳氮含量之比 Ratio of leaf carbon content to nitrogen content | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 叶碳磷比 Leaf carbon:phosphorus ratio | 叶片碳磷含量之比 Ratio of leaf carbon content to phosphorus content | Schuldt et al., | ||||||||
| 叶氮磷比 Leaf nitrogen:phosphorus ratio | 叶片氮磷含量之比 Ratio of leaf nitrogen content to phosphorus content | Finegan et al., | ||||||||
| 叶其他营养元素含量 Leaf other elements content | 叶片除碳、氮、磷外其他元素的含量, 如钾、镁等 The content of other elements besides carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in leaves, such as potassium, magnesium, etc. | Kröber et al., | ||||||||
| 叶木质素含量 Leaf lignin content | 叶片中木质素的含量 Lignin content in leaves | Schindler & Gessner, | ||||||||
| 叶片酚类含量 Leaf polyphenolic content | 叶片中多酚类的含量 The content of polyphenols in leaves | Schuldt et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片单宁含量 Leaf tannin content | 叶片中单宁的含量 Tannin content in leaves | Patoine et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片碳含量 Leaf carbon content | 叶片中碳的含量 The content of carbon in leaves | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片碳同位素比值 Leaf δ13C | 叶片碳同位素特征 Leaf carbon isotope signature | Orwin et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry mass content | 叶片干质量与鲜质量的比值 The ratio of leaf dry mass to fresh mass | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片总叶绿素含量 Leaf total chlorophyll content | 叶片中叶绿素的含量 Chlorophyll content in leaves | Bu et al., | ||||||||
| 叶脉密度 Leaf vein density | 单位面积叶片的叶脉长度 Vein length per unit area of leaf | Hanif et al., | ||||||||
| 光合同化速率 Photosynthetic assimilation rates | 在光饱和条件下测得健康叶片的光合速率 The photosynthetic rate of healthy leaves measured under light saturation conditions | Everwand et al., | ||||||||
| 气孔导度 Stomatal conductance | 健康叶片的气孔对水蒸气的传导率 Transmission rate of water vapor to stomata of healthy leaves | Everwand et al., | ||||||||
| 茎 Stem | 木材密度 Wood density | 单位体积木材的干物质量 Dry matter mass per unit volume of wood | Burylo et al., | |||||||
| 茎干物质含量 Stem dry matter content | 茎干质量占鲜质量的百分比 The percentage of stem dry mass to fresh mass | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 分支数量 Number of branches | 从主茎分叉的开花分支或从次级枝干上的分支数 Flowering branches branching from the main stem or secondary branches | Adamidis et al., | ||||||||
| 茎投影面积 Projected stem area | 茎在水流动方向上接触面积 Stem contact area in the direction of water flow | Kervroedan et al., | ||||||||
| 茎比质量 Specific stem density | 茎的干质量与茎体积之比 The ratio of stem dry mass to stem volume | Kervroedan et al., | ||||||||
| 茎直径 Maximum stem diameter | 基茎(根部上方2-6 cm)的直径 Diameter of the base stem (2-6 cm above the root) | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 茎导度 Stem conductance | 单位木质部面积和单位压力梯度下的水流量 Water flow per unit xylem area and unit pressure gradient | Kröber et al., | ||||||||
| 茎氮含量 Stem nitrogen ratio | 单位干质量茎的氮含量 Nitrogen content per dry mass of stem | Belshe et al., | ||||||||
| 木材抗腐性 Wood decay resistance | 木材腐烂的速度 Rate of wood decay | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 根 Root | 根长/生物量 Root length/biomass | 根的总长度或生物量 Total root length or biomass | Pommier et al., | |||||||
| 根的分布形态 Root distribution | 根系在土壤中分布的形态 The distribution of roots in the soil | Matheny et al., | ||||||||
| 根深 Rooting depth | 主根在土壤中分布的深度 Depth of taproot distribution in the soil | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 根长密度 Root length density | 单位体积土壤中的总根长 Total root length per unit volume of soil | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 比根长 Specific root length | 单位干质量的根长度 Root length per dry mass | Cornelissen et al., | ||||||||
| 根干物质含量 Root dry mass content | 根干质量与鲜质量的比值 Root dry mass and fresh mass ratio | Pommier et al., | ||||||||
| 根氮含量 Root nitrogen content | 根中氮元素的含量 Nitrogen content in roots | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 根磷含量 Root phosphorus content | 根中磷元素的含量 Phosphorus content in roots | Hanif et al., | ||||||||
| 氮吸收 Nitrogen uptake | 单位时间内氮吸收量 Nitrogen absorption per unit time | Abalos et al., | ||||||||
| 根系外表面积 External area of root surface | 根系的外表面积 External surface area of root system | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 根系体积 Volume of roots | 根系的体积 Root volume | Zhu et al., | ||||||||
| 根系直径 Root diameter | 吸收根的平均直径 Average diameter of absorbing roots | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 根组织密度 Root tissue density | 单位体积根的生物量 Root biomass per unit volume | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 根碳含量 Root carbon content | 单位干质量根的碳含量 Carbon content per dry mass root | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 根碳氮比 Root carbon:nitrogen ratio | 根中碳氮含量之比 Ratio of carbon to nitrogen content in roots | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 类型 Type | 植物功能性状 Plant functional trait | 解释 Explanation | 参考文献 Reference | |||||||
| 极细根百分率 Very fine root fraction | <0.1 mm的根长占总根比例 Ratio of root length <0.1 mm to total root | Garcia et al., | ||||||||
| 根质量密度 Root mass density | 单位体积土壤中的根总生物量 Total root biomass per unit volume of soil | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 根抗张力强度 Root tensile strength | 细根(<0.1 mm)断裂所需的最大力与其截面面积的比值 Ratio of the maximum force required to break fine roots (<0.1 mm) to its cross-sectional area | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 菌根定植 Mycorrhizal colonization | 菌根定植根长占总根长的百分比 Mycorrhiza colonized root length as a percentage of total root length | Elumeeva et al., | ||||||||
Table 2 Major plant functional traits influencing ecosystem services
| 类型 Type | 植物功能性状 Plant functional trait | 解释 Explanation | 参考文献 Reference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 植株 Plant | 生活型 Life form | 植物的年度周期或外貌特征 The annual cycle or appearance characteristics of plants | Storkey et al., | |||||||
| 繁殖方式 Reproduction mode | 有性或无性繁殖 Sexual or asexual reproduction | Paquette & Messier, | ||||||||
| 冠层结构 Canopy architecture | 冠层大小和厚度 Canopy size and thickness | Lundholm et al., | ||||||||
| 生长速率 Relative growth rate | 一段时间内生物量增长量 Biomass growth over a period of time | Everwand et al., | ||||||||
| 最大高度 Max height | 成熟植株的最大高度 Maximum height of a mature plant | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 茎生长速率 Stem growth rate | 植物高度与生长年龄的比值 Ratio of plant height to growth age | Moonen et al., | ||||||||
| 茎质量百分比 Stem mass ratio | 茎生物量占植株生物量的比例 Ratio of stem biomass to plant biomass | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 叶质量百分比 Leaf mass ratio | 叶片生物量占植株生物量比例 Ratio of leaf biomass to plant biomass | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 根质量百分比 Root mass ratio | 根生物量占植株生物量的比例 Ratio of root biomass to plant biomass | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 花质量百分比 Flower mass ratio | 花生物量占植株生物量的比例 Ratio of flower biomass to plant biomass | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 叶茎质量比 Leaf:stem ratio | 叶片和茎的干质量的比 Ratio of the dry mass of the leaf to the stem | Storkey et al., | ||||||||
| 根茎比 Root:shoot ratio | 根与茎的干物质量比 Dry matter ratio of root to stem | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 耐阴性 Shade tolerance | 植物忍耐阴蔽的能力, 常用无量纲量表示 The ability of plants to tolerate shade, often expressed as a dimensionless | Paquette & Messier, | ||||||||
| 耐旱性 Drought tolerance | 植物忍耐干旱的能力, 常用无量纲量表示 The ability of plants to tolerate drought, usually dimensionless | Paquette & Messier, | ||||||||
| 耐涝性 Waterlogging tolerance | 植物忍耐洪涝的能力, 常用无量纲量表示 The ability of plants to withstand floods, often expressed in dimensionless terms | Paquette & Messier, | ||||||||
| 种子 Seed | 种子质量 Seed mass | 单颗种子的质量 The mass of a single seed | Paquette & Messier, | |||||||
| 种子数量 Seed number | 单位面积生产的种子数量 Number of seeds produced per unit area | Santala et al., | ||||||||
| 种子长度 Seed length | 单颗种子或多颗种子的平均长度 The average length of a single seed or multiple seeds | Rolo et al., | ||||||||
| 花 Flower | 开花时间 Time of flowering | 植物开始开花时间 The time plant starting to bloom | Pakeman, | |||||||
| 花期长度 Duration of flowering | 开花的持续时间 Duration of flowering | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花形状 Flower shape | 花冠的形状 Corolla shape | Sole-Senan et al., | ||||||||
| 花对称性 Flower symmetry | 花朵的对称性, 单边/双边 Symmetry of flowers, unilateral/bilateral | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 授粉模式 Pollination mode | 植物的授粉媒介 Pollinator | Zirbel et al., | ||||||||
| 花大小和密度 Flower size and density | 花的直径和单位面积花朵数量 Flower diameter and number of flowers per unit area | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花序类型 Inflorescence type | 花在花轴上的排列顺序 The order of flowers on the flower axis | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 紫外线反射率 UV reflectance | 植物对紫外线的反射率 Plant reflectance to ultraviolet | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花颜色 Flower color | 花朵的反射光谱范围 Reflectance spectrum range of flowers | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花蜜类型 Nectar type | 花蜜的可及性以及糖、氨基酸含量 Availability of nectar, sugar and amino acid content | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 花的高度 Flower height | 花朵的高度 Flower height to ground | Fornoff et al., | ||||||||
| 叶 Leaf | 叶片数量 Leaf number | 单个枝条上叶片的数量 Number of leaves on a single branch | Li et al., | |||||||
| 长叶时间 Time of leafing | 植物叶片开始生长时间 Plant leaf start time | Pakeman, | ||||||||
| 叶面积 Leaf area | 单个叶片或多个叶片平均的单侧投影面积 The average single-sided projected area of a single blade or multiple blades | Cornelissen et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片厚度 Leaf thickness | 叶片的厚度 Blade thickness | La Pierre & Smith, | ||||||||
| 叶片韧性 Leaf toughness | 穿透叶片最宽部分(避免中脉)所需的力 The force required to penetrate the widest part of the leaf (avoid the midrib) | La Pierre & Smith, | ||||||||
| 叶片组织密度 Leaf tissue density | 单位面积的叶片鲜质量 Leaf fresh mass per unit area | Wen et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片形状 Leaf shape | 叶片的形状, 常用宽与长的比率表示 The shape of the blade, usually expressed by the ratio of width to length | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片寿命 Leaf lifespan | 叶片从生长到凋落的时间 Time from growth to fall of leaves | Wright et al., | ||||||||
| 比叶质量 Leaf mass per area | 单位面积的叶片干质量 Dry mass of leaf per unit area | Wright et al., | ||||||||
| 类型 Type | 植物功能性状 Plant functional trait | 解释 Explanation | 参考文献 Reference | |||||||
| 比叶面积 Specific leaf area | 单位质量的叶面积 Leaf area per unit mass | Cornelissen et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content | 叶片中氮的含量 Nitrogen content in leaves | Wright et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片磷含量 Leaf phosphorus content | 叶片中磷的含量 Phosphorus content in leaves | Lin et al., | ||||||||
| 叶碳氮比 Leaf carbon:nitrogen ratio | 叶片碳氮含量之比 Ratio of leaf carbon content to nitrogen content | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 叶碳磷比 Leaf carbon:phosphorus ratio | 叶片碳磷含量之比 Ratio of leaf carbon content to phosphorus content | Schuldt et al., | ||||||||
| 叶氮磷比 Leaf nitrogen:phosphorus ratio | 叶片氮磷含量之比 Ratio of leaf nitrogen content to phosphorus content | Finegan et al., | ||||||||
| 叶其他营养元素含量 Leaf other elements content | 叶片除碳、氮、磷外其他元素的含量, 如钾、镁等 The content of other elements besides carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in leaves, such as potassium, magnesium, etc. | Kröber et al., | ||||||||
| 叶木质素含量 Leaf lignin content | 叶片中木质素的含量 Lignin content in leaves | Schindler & Gessner, | ||||||||
| 叶片酚类含量 Leaf polyphenolic content | 叶片中多酚类的含量 The content of polyphenols in leaves | Schuldt et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片单宁含量 Leaf tannin content | 叶片中单宁的含量 Tannin content in leaves | Patoine et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片碳含量 Leaf carbon content | 叶片中碳的含量 The content of carbon in leaves | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片碳同位素比值 Leaf δ13C | 叶片碳同位素特征 Leaf carbon isotope signature | Orwin et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry mass content | 叶片干质量与鲜质量的比值 The ratio of leaf dry mass to fresh mass | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 叶片总叶绿素含量 Leaf total chlorophyll content | 叶片中叶绿素的含量 Chlorophyll content in leaves | Bu et al., | ||||||||
| 叶脉密度 Leaf vein density | 单位面积叶片的叶脉长度 Vein length per unit area of leaf | Hanif et al., | ||||||||
| 光合同化速率 Photosynthetic assimilation rates | 在光饱和条件下测得健康叶片的光合速率 The photosynthetic rate of healthy leaves measured under light saturation conditions | Everwand et al., | ||||||||
| 气孔导度 Stomatal conductance | 健康叶片的气孔对水蒸气的传导率 Transmission rate of water vapor to stomata of healthy leaves | Everwand et al., | ||||||||
| 茎 Stem | 木材密度 Wood density | 单位体积木材的干物质量 Dry matter mass per unit volume of wood | Burylo et al., | |||||||
| 茎干物质含量 Stem dry matter content | 茎干质量占鲜质量的百分比 The percentage of stem dry mass to fresh mass | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 分支数量 Number of branches | 从主茎分叉的开花分支或从次级枝干上的分支数 Flowering branches branching from the main stem or secondary branches | Adamidis et al., | ||||||||
| 茎投影面积 Projected stem area | 茎在水流动方向上接触面积 Stem contact area in the direction of water flow | Kervroedan et al., | ||||||||
| 茎比质量 Specific stem density | 茎的干质量与茎体积之比 The ratio of stem dry mass to stem volume | Kervroedan et al., | ||||||||
| 茎直径 Maximum stem diameter | 基茎(根部上方2-6 cm)的直径 Diameter of the base stem (2-6 cm above the root) | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 茎导度 Stem conductance | 单位木质部面积和单位压力梯度下的水流量 Water flow per unit xylem area and unit pressure gradient | Kröber et al., | ||||||||
| 茎氮含量 Stem nitrogen ratio | 单位干质量茎的氮含量 Nitrogen content per dry mass of stem | Belshe et al., | ||||||||
| 木材抗腐性 Wood decay resistance | 木材腐烂的速度 Rate of wood decay | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 根 Root | 根长/生物量 Root length/biomass | 根的总长度或生物量 Total root length or biomass | Pommier et al., | |||||||
| 根的分布形态 Root distribution | 根系在土壤中分布的形态 The distribution of roots in the soil | Matheny et al., | ||||||||
| 根深 Rooting depth | 主根在土壤中分布的深度 Depth of taproot distribution in the soil | Fu et al., | ||||||||
| 根长密度 Root length density | 单位体积土壤中的总根长 Total root length per unit volume of soil | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 比根长 Specific root length | 单位干质量的根长度 Root length per dry mass | Cornelissen et al., | ||||||||
| 根干物质含量 Root dry mass content | 根干质量与鲜质量的比值 Root dry mass and fresh mass ratio | Pommier et al., | ||||||||
| 根氮含量 Root nitrogen content | 根中氮元素的含量 Nitrogen content in roots | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 根磷含量 Root phosphorus content | 根中磷元素的含量 Phosphorus content in roots | Hanif et al., | ||||||||
| 氮吸收 Nitrogen uptake | 单位时间内氮吸收量 Nitrogen absorption per unit time | Abalos et al., | ||||||||
| 根系外表面积 External area of root surface | 根系的外表面积 External surface area of root system | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 根系体积 Volume of roots | 根系的体积 Root volume | Zhu et al., | ||||||||
| 根系直径 Root diameter | 吸收根的平均直径 Average diameter of absorbing roots | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 根组织密度 Root tissue density | 单位体积根的生物量 Root biomass per unit volume | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 根碳含量 Root carbon content | 单位干质量根的碳含量 Carbon content per dry mass root | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 根碳氮比 Root carbon:nitrogen ratio | 根中碳氮含量之比 Ratio of carbon to nitrogen content in roots | Zhang et al., | ||||||||
| 类型 Type | 植物功能性状 Plant functional trait | 解释 Explanation | 参考文献 Reference | |||||||
| 极细根百分率 Very fine root fraction | <0.1 mm的根长占总根比例 Ratio of root length <0.1 mm to total root | Garcia et al., | ||||||||
| 根质量密度 Root mass density | 单位体积土壤中的根总生物量 Total root biomass per unit volume of soil | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 根抗张力强度 Root tensile strength | 细根(<0.1 mm)断裂所需的最大力与其截面面积的比值 Ratio of the maximum force required to break fine roots (<0.1 mm) to its cross-sectional area | Burylo et al., | ||||||||
| 菌根定植 Mycorrhizal colonization | 菌根定植根长占总根长的百分比 Mycorrhiza colonized root length as a percentage of total root length | Elumeeva et al., | ||||||||
Fig. 2 Characteristics of the current research on the relationship between plant functional traits and ecosystem services. BC, biocontrol; BD, biodiversity; BM, biomass; HR, heat regulation; NPP, net primary production; PN, pollination; SF, soil fertility; SOC, soil organic carbon content; SR, soil retention; WR, water regulation.
Fig. 3 Frequencies of the research on the relationship between plant functional traits and ecosystem services. Colors of the word represent the location of trait. The thickness of the black lines represents the frequencies of different plant functional traits used to correlate with ecosystem services. BC, biocontrol; BM, biomass; HR, heat regulation; NPP, net primary production; PN, pollination; SF, soil fertility; SOC, soil organic carbon content; SR, soil retention; WR, water regulation.
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