Stomatal traits of main greening plant species in Lanzhou

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0257

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Stomata are the main channels for water and gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Stomatal traits reflect plant responses to environmental changes, and thus could help us better understand plant adaptation strategies to arid environments.
Methods In July 2019, six traits for stomata were measured from 40 main greening plant species in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. One-way ANOVA was used to test the traits difference among the growth forms (tree, semi-tree, shrub and herb) and leaf habits (deciduous and evergreen). Standardized major axis estimation and phylogenetically independent contrast analysis were used to compare the allometry relationship between stomatal traits. Then the Blomberg’sK value was calculated to determine phylogenetic signal. Functional groups were partition by k-means clustering and principal component analysis.
Important findings The stomatal traits varied significantly among greening plant species. Different growth forms (trees, semi-trees, shrubs and herbs) showed significant variations in stomatal length (SL), width (SW), opening level (SOL) and density (SD), while deciduous and evergreen plants only differed in SOL. Significant allometric relations were detected between SL vs. SW, SOL vs. SA. We also observed negative allometric relations between SD vs. SA and SD vs. SOL. Phylogeny significantly influenced the correlations among stomatal traits. Although the phylogenetic conservatism of stomatal traits was not strong (K< 1),SOL and stomatal opening ratio (SOR) showed significant phylogenetic signals (p < 0.05). According to the stomatal traits, greening plants can be divided into three functional groups: lower-density with larger area, higher-density with smaller area, or medium- density with moderate area. The combination of phylogeny and allometric scaling relations can provide a better explanation for stomatal trait variations and adaptation strategies.

Key words: Loess Plateau, greening plant, stomata, allometry, phylogeny

YANG Ke-Tong, CHANG Hai-Long, CHEN Guo-Peng, YU Xiao-Ya, XIAN Jun-Ren. Stomatal traits of main greening plant species in Lanzhou[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(2): 187-196.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0257

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2021/V45/I2/187

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Stomatal traits of main greening plant species in Lanzhou. Ace. tru., Acer truncatum; Aco. cal., Acorus calamus; Ail. alt., Ailanthus altissima; Amy. per., Amygdalus persica f. duplex; Ber. thu., Berberis thunbergii; Bux. sin., Buxus sinica var. parvifolia; Car. cat., Carya cathayensis; Cer. chi., Cercis chinensis; Cer. ser., Cerasus serrulata var. lannesiana; Cra. pin., Crataegus pinnatifida; Euc. ulm., Eucommia ulmoides; Euo. jap., Euonymus japonicus; Euo. maa., Euonymus maackii; For. sus., Forsythia suspensa; For. vir., Forsythia viridissima; Fra. chi., Fraxinus chinensis; Gin. bil., Ginkgo biloba; Hem. ful., Hemerocallis fulva; Hib. syr., Hibiscus syriacus; Hos. pla., Hosta plantaginea; Hyl. spe., Hylotelephium spectabile; Iri. tec., Iris tectorum; Koe. pan., Koelreuteria paniculata; Lig. luc., Ligustrum lucidum; Lig. ova., Ligustrum ovalifolium; Phe. aiz., Phedimus aizoon; Pla. gra., Platycodon grandiflorus; Pru. cer., Prunus cerasifera; Pun. gra., Punica granatum; Pyr. xer., Pyrus xerophila; Rob. pse., Robinia pseudoacacia; Ros. luc., Rosa lucidissima; Sal. mat., Salix matsudana; Sam. wil., Sambucus williamsii; Sop. jap., Sophora japonica var. Japonica f. pendula; Syr. obl., Syringa oblata; Syr. vil., Syringa villosa subsp. wolfii; Ulm. pum., Ulmus pumila; Vit. Vin., Vitis vinifera; Yul. den., Yulania denudata.

Fig. 2 Effects of growth forms and leaf habitus on stomatal traits of main greening plant species in Lanzhou (mean ± SE). Dec, deciduous; Eve, evergreen; Her, herb; Sem, semi-tree; Shr, shrub; Tre, tree. SA, stomatal area; SD, stomatal density; SL, stomatal length; SOL, stomatal opening level; SOR, stomatal opening ratio; SW, stomatal width. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among growth forms and leaf habitus (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Allometric relations of stomatal traits of main greening plant species in Lanzhou. SA, stomatal area; SD, stomatal density; SL, stomatal length; SOL, stomatal opening level; SW, stomatal width.

Table 1 Phylogenetic signals of stomatal traits across main greening plant species in Lanzhou

性状 Trait	K	p
SL	0.298	0.110
SW	0.291	0.140
SOL	0.334	0.023
SA	0.269	0.379
SOR	0.688	0.006
SD	0.281	0.185

Fig. 4 Classification of plant functional groups based on stomatal traits of main greening plant species in Lanzhou. SA, stomatal area; SD, stomatal density; SL, stomatal length; SOL, stomatal opening level; SOR, stomatal opening ratio; SW, stomatal width. See Fig. 1 for species abbreviation.

Table 2 Correlations between stomatal traits of main greening plant species in Lanzhou and principal components

性状 Trait	主成分1 Coefficients of PC 1	主成分2 Coefficients of PC 2
SL	0.512 63	-0.044 93
SW	0.501 39	-0.010 85
SOL	0.338 33	0.141 74
SA	0.497 11	0.024 11
SOR	0.184 12	0.792 84
SD	-0.300 55	0.590 43

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