Plant diversity and seasonal dynamics in forest gaps of varying sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00044

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Pinus massoniana is the major plantation tree species in the low hilly lands of the upper Yangtze river valley for commercial purpose. The large areas of plantations have caused serious ecological problems such as biodiversity decline and soil degradation. Our objectives were to study the dynamics of species composition and plant diversity in forest gaps, to test the hypothesis that forest gaps facilitate the regeneration and plant diversity in P. massoniana plantations, and to determine the size of forest gaps that harbors the most complex compositional structure and the greatest plant diversity.
Methods We selected 39-year-old P. massoniana plantations with seven different gap sizes in the study, and used combination of systematic and representative sampling approaches. In the spring, summer, and autumn of 2013, sampling plots of the dimension 5 m × 5 m were laid out in the center of the forest gaps and under the canopy, and plants within each plot were surveyed for determination of their diversity and compositional structure.
Important findings The understory of P. massoniana plantations were dominated by phanerophyte plants, followed by hemicryptophytes, geophytes, and therophyte plants. The phanerophyte plants were more abundant under the canopy than in forest gaps. The large gaps had more phanerophyte plants, while the geophytes and therophyte plants were less frequent under the canopy than in the small gaps. The species richness and diversity were significantly lower under the canopy than in the large forest gaps. Moreover, species richness, dominance, and diversity differed significantly among the forest gaps of different sizes. Seasonally, the highest diversity occurred in summer, followed by autumn, with the spring having the lowest diversity. The greatest diversity was found in the forest gaps of the size 1225-1600 m², which could be the optimal gap size for facilitating plant diversity and regeneration of vegetation in P. massoniana plantations.

Key words: gap, life form, Pinus massoniana plantation, plant diversity, season

CUI Ning-Jie,ZHANG Dan-Ju,LIU Yang,ZHANG Jian,YANG Wan-Qin,OU Jiang,ZHANG Jie,SONG Xiao-Yan,YIN Rui. Plant diversity and seasonal dynamics in forest gaps of varying sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(5): 477-490.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00044

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2014/V38/I5/477

Figures/Tables 9

References 37

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林窗 Forest gap	土壤基本性质(平均值±标准误差) Soil property (mean ± SE)				海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	环境因子变量 Environmental factor variables
	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity (g·kg^-1)	pH				月平均气温 Monthly average air temperature (℃)			月平均湿度 Monthly average humidity (%)			相对光强 Relative light intensity (%)
	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity (g·kg^-1)	pH				Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A
G1	1.20 ± 0.09	52.2 ± 1.8	435.5 ± 40.3	4.2 ± 0.3	423	24.5	西南 Southwest	19.53	26.71	22.03	70.9	85.7	95.6	60.7	87.7	55.2
G2	1.28 ± 0.08	50.0 ± 1.3	393.7 ± 31.9	4.2 ± 0.2	438	26.0	东南 Southeast	19.33	26.41	22.04	71.4	87.2	94.1	63.3	93.5	57.6
G3	1.35 ± 0.11	52.6 ± 4.9	394.1 ± 65.1	4.1 ± 0.1	408	23.5	东南 Southeast	19.65	27.70	21.87	68.8	89.9	93.7	64.7	94.8	60.2
G4	1.41 ± 0.11	45.7 ± 7.7	326.1 ± 68.2	4.3 ± 0.2	424	24.0	东南 Southeast	19.74	27.18	21.40	72.3	90.5	97.3	67.8	95.3	65.4
G5	1.31 ± 0.17	49.9 ± 4.6	388.1 ± 75.1	4.4 ± 0.3	441	21.5	南 South	20.27	28.16	22.65	69.0	84.6	93.6	68.8	95.4	66.9
G6	1.29 ± 0.26	51.4 ± 4.8	416.2 ± 32.9	4.0 ± 0.1	418	27.0	东南 Southeast	19.92	28.13	21.96	70.2	86.2	92.5	71.0	96.3	69.3
G7	1.41 ± 0.04	45.9 ± 1.7	326.6 ± 21.1	4.6 ± 0.2	430	26.0	东南 Southeast	19.70	27.74	22.55	69.7	86.3	91.6	71.7	98.3	70.8
CK	1.40 ± 0.14	50.1 ± 2.8	363.0 ± 54.7	4.1 ± 0.1	427	23.0	东南 Southeast	19.80	27.63	21.49	70.2	90.1	93.6	19.8	16.3	16.1

林窗 Forest gap	土壤基本性质(平均值±标准误差) Soil property (mean ± SE)				海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	环境因子变量 Environmental factor variables
	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity (g·kg^-1)	pH				月平均气温 Monthly average air temperature (℃)			月平均湿度 Monthly average humidity (%)			相对光强 Relative light intensity (%)
	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity (g·kg^-1)	pH				Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A
G1	1.20 ± 0.09	52.2 ± 1.8	435.5 ± 40.3	4.2 ± 0.3	423	24.5	西南 Southwest	19.53	26.71	22.03	70.9	85.7	95.6	60.7	87.7	55.2
G2	1.28 ± 0.08	50.0 ± 1.3	393.7 ± 31.9	4.2 ± 0.2	438	26.0	东南 Southeast	19.33	26.41	22.04	71.4	87.2	94.1	63.3	93.5	57.6
G3	1.35 ± 0.11	52.6 ± 4.9	394.1 ± 65.1	4.1 ± 0.1	408	23.5	东南 Southeast	19.65	27.70	21.87	68.8	89.9	93.7	64.7	94.8	60.2
G4	1.41 ± 0.11	45.7 ± 7.7	326.1 ± 68.2	4.3 ± 0.2	424	24.0	东南 Southeast	19.74	27.18	21.40	72.3	90.5	97.3	67.8	95.3	65.4
G5	1.31 ± 0.17	49.9 ± 4.6	388.1 ± 75.1	4.4 ± 0.3	441	21.5	南 South	20.27	28.16	22.65	69.0	84.6	93.6	68.8	95.4	66.9
G6	1.29 ± 0.26	51.4 ± 4.8	416.2 ± 32.9	4.0 ± 0.1	418	27.0	东南 Southeast	19.92	28.13	21.96	70.2	86.2	92.5	71.0	96.3	69.3
G7	1.41 ± 0.04	45.9 ± 1.7	326.6 ± 21.1	4.6 ± 0.2	430	26.0	东南 Southeast	19.70	27.74	22.55	69.7	86.3	91.6	71.7	98.3	70.8
CK	1.40 ± 0.14	50.1 ± 2.8	363.0 ± 54.7	4.1 ± 0.1	427	23.0	东南 Southeast	19.80	27.63	21.49	70.2	90.1	93.6	19.8	16.3	16.1

种名 Species	科 Family	生活型 Life form	林窗 Forest gap
			G1			G2			G3			G4			G5			G6			G7			CK
			Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A
商陆 Phytolacca acinosa	商陆科 Phytolaccaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生植物 Therophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	禾本科 Poaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	禾本科 Poaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	1	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1
皱叶狗尾草 Setaria plicata	禾本科 Poaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1
细柄草 Capillipedium parviflorum	禾本科 Poaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
蕨 Pteridium aquilinum	凤尾蕨科 Pteridaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1
铁芒萁 Dicranopteris linearis	里白科 Gleicheniaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
乌蕨 Stenoloma chusanum	鳞始蕨科 Lindsaeaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei	鳞毛蕨科 Dryopteridaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
海金沙 Lygodium japonicum	海金沙科 Lygodiaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	1	1	-	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	-	1	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
长尖莎草 Cyperus cuspidatus	莎草科 Cyperaceae	一年生植物 Therophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia	莎草科 Cyperaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus	菊科 Compositae	一年生植物 Therophytes	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
蒲公英 Herba taraxaci	菊科 Compositae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
佛耳草 Gnaphalium affine	菊科 Compositae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
野茼蒿 Gynura crepidioides	菊科 Compositae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
种名 Species	科 Family	生活型 Life form	林窗 Forest gap
			G1			G2			G3			G4			G5			G6			G7			CK
			Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A
田野千里光 Senecio oryzetorum	菊科 Compositae	一年生植物 Therophytes	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
梨叶悬钩子 Rubus pirifolius	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-
刺莓 Rubus taiwanianus	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
茅莓 Rubus parvifolius	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
插田泡 Rubus coreanus	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	1	1
蛇莓 Duchesnea indica	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
野蔷薇 Rosa multiflora	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
寒莓 Rubus buergeri	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-
川莓 Rubus setchuenensis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	1	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	壳斗科 Fagaceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
麻栎 Quercus acutissima	壳斗科 Fagaceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
板栗 Castanea mollissima	壳斗科 Fagaceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
野梧桐 Mallotus tenuifolius	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
油桐 Vernicia fordii	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-
毛桐 Mallotus barbatus	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	1	1	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
乌桕 Sapium sebiferum	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1
香樟 Cinnamomum camphora	樟科 Lauraceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	樟科 Lauraceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
种名 Species	科 Family	生活型 Life form	林窗 Forest gap
			G1			G2			G3			G4			G5			G6			G7			CK
			Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A
檫木 Sassafras tzumu	樟科 Lauraceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1
构树 Broussonetia papyrifera	桑科 Moraceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
地桃花 Urena lobata	锦葵科 Malvaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
木芙蓉 Hibiscus mutabilis	锦葵科 Malvaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1
铁仔 Myrsine africana	紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1
积雪草 Centella asiatica	伞形科 Apiaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	-	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum	蓼科 Polygonaceae	一年生植物 Therophytes	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
桤木 Alnus cremastogyne	桦木科 Betulaceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1
展毛野牡丹 Melastoma normale	野牡丹科Melastomataceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
栀子 Gardenia jasminoides	茜草科 Rubiaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes phanerophytes	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1
紫花地丁 Viola philippica	堇菜科 Violaceae	地面芽植物Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
柑橘 Citrus reticulata	芸香科 Rutaceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
黄荆 Vitex negundo	马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
盐肤木 Rhus chinensis	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
楤木 Aralia chinensis	五加科 Araliaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
马尾松 Pinus massoniana massoniana massoniana massoniana	松科 Pinaceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-

种名 Species	科 Family	生活型 Life form	林窗 Forest gap
			G1			G2			G3			G4			G5			G6			G7			CK
			Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A
商陆 Phytolacca acinosa	商陆科 Phytolaccaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	禾本科 Poaceae	一年生植物 Therophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
芒 Miscanthus sinensis	禾本科 Poaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	禾本科 Poaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	1	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1
皱叶狗尾草 Setaria plicata	禾本科 Poaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1
细柄草 Capillipedium parviflorum	禾本科 Poaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
蕨 Pteridium aquilinum	凤尾蕨科 Pteridaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1
铁芒萁 Dicranopteris linearis	里白科 Gleicheniaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
乌蕨 Stenoloma chusanum	鳞始蕨科 Lindsaeaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei	鳞毛蕨科 Dryopteridaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
海金沙 Lygodium japonicum	海金沙科 Lygodiaceae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	1	1	-	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	-	1	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-
长尖莎草 Cyperus cuspidatus	莎草科 Cyperaceae	一年生植物 Therophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia	莎草科 Cyperaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus	菊科 Compositae	一年生植物 Therophytes	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
蒲公英 Herba taraxaci	菊科 Compositae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
佛耳草 Gnaphalium affine	菊科 Compositae	地下芽植物 Geophytes	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
野茼蒿 Gynura crepidioides	菊科 Compositae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
种名 Species	科 Family	生活型 Life form	林窗 Forest gap
			G1			G2			G3			G4			G5			G6			G7			CK
			Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A
田野千里光 Senecio oryzetorum	菊科 Compositae	一年生植物 Therophytes	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
梨叶悬钩子 Rubus pirifolius	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-
刺莓 Rubus taiwanianus	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
茅莓 Rubus parvifolius	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
插田泡 Rubus coreanus	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	1	1
蛇莓 Duchesnea indica	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
野蔷薇 Rosa multiflora	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
寒莓 Rubus buergeri	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-
川莓 Rubus setchuenensis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	1	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca	壳斗科 Fagaceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
麻栎 Quercus acutissima	壳斗科 Fagaceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
板栗 Castanea mollissima	壳斗科 Fagaceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
野梧桐 Mallotus tenuifolius	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
油桐 Vernicia fordii	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-
毛桐 Mallotus barbatus	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	1	1	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
乌桕 Sapium sebiferum	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1
香樟 Cinnamomum camphora	樟科 Lauraceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba	樟科 Lauraceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
种名 Species	科 Family	生活型 Life form	林窗 Forest gap
			G1			G2			G3			G4			G5			G6			G7			CK
			Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A	Sp	S	A
檫木 Sassafras tzumu	樟科 Lauraceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1
构树 Broussonetia papyrifera	桑科 Moraceae	中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
地桃花 Urena lobata	锦葵科 Malvaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
木芙蓉 Hibiscus mutabilis	锦葵科 Malvaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1
铁仔 Myrsine africana	紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1
积雪草 Centella asiatica	伞形科 Apiaceae	地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	-	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum	蓼科 Polygonaceae	一年生植物 Therophytes	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
桤木 Alnus cremastogyne	桦木科 Betulaceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	1	1	1
展毛野牡丹 Melastoma normale	野牡丹科Melastomataceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
栀子 Gardenia jasminoides	茜草科 Rubiaceae	矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes phanerophytes	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1
紫花地丁 Viola philippica	堇菜科 Violaceae	地面芽植物Hemicryptophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
柑橘 Citrus reticulata	芸香科 Rutaceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	1	-	-	-
黄荆 Vitex negundo	马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
盐肤木 Rhus chinensis	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
楤木 Aralia chinensis	五加科 Araliaceae	小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
马尾松 Pinus massoniana massoniana massoniana massoniana	松科 Pinaceae	大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-

生活型 Life form	林窗 Forest gap							CK
生活型 Life form	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5	G6	G7	CK
高位芽植物 Phanerophytes	39.38	49.30	47.65	52.63	54.48	51.30	53.87	65.20
地上芽植物 Chamaephytes	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes	21.44	19.70	19.89	21.26	20.68	20.32	21.64	13.62
地下芽植物 Geophytes	23.20	21.15	23.43	17.99	15.55	17.97	15.76	15.89
一年生植物 Therophytes	15.98	9.85	10.45	8.12	9.29	10.41	8.73	5.29