Mechanisms of photoinhibition induced by high light in Hosta grown outdoors

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00067

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims It has long been recognized that photoinhibition of photosynthesis is induced by high light. However, our recent studies are not consistent with this traditional view. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the induction of photoinhibition and its mechanisms under full sunlight outdoors.
Methods Changes of leaf morphology, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured to investigate the induction and mechanisms of photoinhibition under high light in Hosta, which is a typical shade-tolerant plant.
Important findings Hosta plants grown under full sunlight (HT) and low light (LT) developed sun- and shade-type leaf morphological characteristics, respectively. Under a full sunlight, Hosta plants had lower photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content than under the LT; whereas, there were only slight difference in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) between the two treatments, suggesting that Hosta plants could grow normally under full sunlight without severe photoinhibition. After transition from the low to a high light (LHT), the photosynthetic rate and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II decreased sharply, reflecting that the LHT treatment led to irreversibly inactivation of photosystem II. Additionally, the shape of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients also changed significantly; the relative fluorescence yield of the K and J steps were reduced by 24.3% and 34.2%, respectively, indicating that the acceptor side of photosystem II was damaged more severely than the donor side. Consequently, we postulate that photoinhibition in Hosta leaves is mainly induced by the sudden enhancement of light intensity outdoors. Hosta can acclimate to high irradiance through leaf development outdoors. Our finding is of great significance in understanding the acclimation of plants to high light and cultivation of shade-tolerant plants in field.

Key words: chlorophyll a fluorescence, high light, photoinhibition, photosynthesis, photosystem II

LI Zhi-Zhen, LIU Dong-Huan, ZHAO Shi-Wei, JIANG Chuang-Dao, SHI Lei. Mechanisms of photoinhibition induced by high light in Hosta grown outdoors[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(7): 720-728.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00067

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2014/V38/I7/720

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Effects of light intensity on leaf area, specific leaf weight, leaf number and chlorophyll (a + b) content in Hosta leaves (mean ± SE, n = 6). Different capital letters and lowercase letters indicate significant differences in leaf area, specific leaf weight, leaf number, and chlorophyll (a + b) content between the HT and LT treatments, respectively (p = 0.05). HT, full sunlight; LT, low light.

Fig. 2 Effects of light intensity on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in Hosta leaves (mean ± SE, n = 6). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in Pn and Gs between the full sunlight (HT) and low light (LT) treatments, respectively (p = 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effects of light intensity on the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) in Hosta leaves (mean ± SE, n = 12). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in Fv/Fm between the full sunlight (HT) and low light (LT) treatments, respectively (p = 0.05).

Fig. 4 Changes in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) after transfer from low light to full sunlight in Hosta leaves (mean ± SE, n = 6). Different capital letters and lowercase letters indicate significant differences in Pn and Gs between the LT and LHT treatments, respectively (p = 0.05). LHT, transition from low light to full sunlight; LT, low light.

Fig. 5 Changes in the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) after transfer from low light to full sunlight in Hosta leaves (mean ± SE, n = 12). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in Fv/Fm between the low light (LT) and transition from low light to full sunlight (LHT) treatments, respectively (p = 0.05).

Fig. 6 Changes in the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (fluorescence plotted on logarithmic time scale) following transfer from low light to full sunlight in Hosta leaves. LHT, transition from low light to full sunlight; LT, low light. day0, day2, day4 represent grow under low light, and transferred to full sun light for two and four days.

Fig. 7 Changes in WO-J and ΔWO-J in chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (plotted on a linear time scale) after transfer from low light to full sunlight in Hosta leaves. LHT, transition from low light to full sunlight; LT, low light. day0, day2, day4 represent grow under low light, and transferred to full sun light for two and four days.

Table 1 Changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence transient parameters after transfer from low light to full sunlight in Hosta leaves (mean ± SE, n = 12)

移栽后 Days after transfer		F_o	F_m	d_V/d_t₀	ψ₀	φ_Eo	φ_Do	PI_ABS
0	LT	507 ± 19.43^a	2 865 ± 63.21^a	0.702 3 ± 0.03^a	0.572 3 ± 0.01^a	0.454 1 ± 0.01^a	0.207 5 ± 0.01^a	26.32 ± 2.01^a
0	LHT	507 ± 19.43^a	2 865 ± 63.21^a	0.702 3 ± 0.03^a	0.572 3 ± 0.01^a	0.454 1 ± 0.01^a	0.207 5 ± 0.01^a	26.32 ± 2.01^a
2	LT	501 ± 13.27^a	2 656 ± 58.19^a	0.698 4 ± 0.02^a	0.585 8 ± 0.01^ab	0.457 7 ± 0.01^a	0.219 1 ± 0.00^a	24.26 ± 1.86^a
2	LHT	562 ± 31.09^b	1 437 ± 186.2^b	0.867 8 ± 0.05^b	0.469 8 ± 0.01^c	0.245 5 ± 0.03^b	0.488 3 ± 0.05^b	4.28 ± 1.11^b
4	LT	500 ± 9.71^a	2 765 ± 69.86^a	0.656 1 ± 0.02^a	0.611 8 ± 0.01^b	0.483 0 ± 0.00^a	0.210 5 ± 0.00^a	27.95 ± 1.03^a
4	LHT	641 ± 17.91^c	1 756 ± 87.01^c	0.962 4 ± 0.03^b	0.501 7 ± 0.01^d	0.296 7 ± 0.01^c	0.409 3 ± 0.02^c	4.74 ± 0.47^b

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