CHANGES OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEAF EPIDERMIS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CARAGANA DAVAZAMCII IN DIFFERENT HABITATS IN ERDOS PLATEAU, CHINA

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0147

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Although Caragana davazamcii is an important nitrogen-fixing plant in North China, few studies have focused on its epidermal structure and genetic diversity along a precipitation gradient. Our aims are to determine how changes of epidermal structure of C. davazamcii leaves are related to changes of genetic diversity in different habitats, what role environments play in this relationship, and whether these populations have potential to become adapted to their local environments in different ways.

Methods We established 20 m×20 m plots along the precipitation gradient and randomly collected leaves ofC. davazamcii from natural populations. We studied leaf epidermal structure using a light microscope (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and used ISSR-PCR genetic diversity analysis to study differentiation among populations.

Important findings The leaf epidermis of C. davazamcii in different habitats was significantly different as a result of environmental effects. Trichome density, stomatal density, stomatal index and cuticle coarseness increased with changes in average annual rainfall from east to west, as did genetic diversity of populations. Caragana davazamcii showed significant phenotypic plasticity in different habitats, and this may play a critical role in the ecological adaptability of C. davazamcii populations.

Key words: Erdos Plateau, Caragana davazamcii, epidermis characteristic, genetic diversity

YANG Ming-Bo, YANG Jie, YANG Jiu-Yan, LIANG Na, QING Hua. CHANGES OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEAF EPIDERMIS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CARAGANA DAVAZAMCII IN DIFFERENT HABITATS IN ERDOS PLATEAU, CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2007, 31(6): 1181-1189.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0147

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2007/V31/I6/1181

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 The sampling sites of Caragana davazamcii

Table 1 The general situation of the sampling sites

采样点 Sampling sites	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年均降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Annual temperature (℃)	湿润系数 Moisture coefficient	生境特点 Habitat characteristic
Ⅰ	39°23'47″	110°22'42″	1 217	322	7.5	>0.4	典型草原区的覆沙地 Land covered with sand in typical steppe region
Ⅱ	39°23'24″	109°48'25″	1 372	286	6.8	0.4~0.35	典型草原区的覆沙硬梁 Solid girder coverd with sand in typical steppe region
Ⅲ	39°02'01″	109°22'44″	1 309	262	6.8	0.35~0.3	毛乌素沙地半固定沙丘梁上 Semi-fixed sand dune in Mu Us Sandland
Ⅳ	38°36'55″	108°42'58″	1 348	251	7.4	0.25~0.23	毛乌素沙地覆沙硬梁 Solid girder covered with sand in Mu Us Sandland
Ⅴ	39°14'30″	108°02'27″	1 375	221	7.1	0.23~0.2	荒漠草原平缓的沙质地 Flat sandland in desert steppe

Table 2 The community characteristics of the sampling sites

采样点 Sampling sites	群落组成 Community composition	中间锦鸡儿种群平均株高 Average height of Caragana davazancii population (cm)	中间锦鸡儿种群平均冠幅 Average canopy of Caragana davazancii population (m²)	土壤类型 Soil type	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)
Ⅰ	中间锦鸡儿+本氏针茅群落 Caragana davazancii+Stipa bungeana community	102.4±3.2	1.799±0.05	黄土 Loess	1.54±0.03	4.62±0.44
Ⅱ	中间锦鸡儿+牛心朴子群落 C. davazancii+Cynanchua komarovii community	48.9±2.4	0.817±0.07	黄土 Loess	1.50±0.02	7.86±0.11
Ⅲ	中间锦鸡儿+油蒿群落 C. davazancii+Artemisia ordosica community	77.7±4.8	0.856±0.22	风沙土 Aeolian sandy soil	1.60±0.01	2.86±0.21
Ⅳ	中间锦鸡儿+油蒿+羊柴群落 C. davazancii+A. ordosica+Hedysanum maxion community	116.9±4.3	2.01±0.28	风沙土 Aeolian sandy soil	1.50±0.03	5.56±0.49
Ⅴ	中间锦鸡儿+小针茅-短花针茅群落 C. davazancii+Stipa kleneazii+S. breviflora community	152.3±2.6	2.43±0.25	棕钙土 Brown soil	1.56±0.01	3.18±0.18

Table 3 Characteristic values of epidemis and its auessory

种群 No. of population	表皮毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔大小 Stomatal size (μm)		气孔指数 Stomatal index
种群 No. of population	表皮毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm^-2)	长Length	宽Width
Ⅰ	339.2±52.7^b	214.4±47.8^a	19.3±1.35	12.5±0.28	8.41±1.30^a
Ⅱ	400.0±45.9^b	371.2±95.6^b	17.2±1.26	11.8±0.43	8.16±2.40^a
Ⅲ	448.0±74.6^c	256.6±56.5^a	21.5±2.81	12.9±0.65	10.43±1.41^c
Ⅳ	256.0±43.2^a	224.0±33.7^a	19.9±0.46	12.3±0.37	9.10±2.28^b
Ⅴ	454.4±70.4^c	384.2±74.6^b	19.8±0.59	16.4±1.24	11.43±1.81^c

Fig.2 Structure of leaf epidermis of Caragana davazamcii from different habitats

Fig.3 Observation on the leaves of Caragana davazamcii through a seaming election microscope (SEM) in the different habitats—stoma×4 000

Fig.4 Observation on the leaves of Caragana davazamcii through a seaming election microscope (SEM) in the different habitats—trichome×400

Table 4 Difference of polymorphic loci of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

种群 Population	多态位点 Polymorphic loci	多态性位点百分率 Percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) (%)
I	98	64.90
Ⅱ	113	74.83
Ⅲ	109	72.19
Ⅳ	107	70.86
Ⅴ	117	77.48

Fig.5 PCR-amplified fragment patterns with AW64571 primer in Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

Table 5 Nei's gene diversity index and Shannon information index of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

种群 Population	Nei遗传多样性指数 Nei's gene diversity index (h)	Shannon 信息指数 Shannon information index (I)
Ⅰ	0.209 3	0.317 7
Ⅱ	0.252 9	0.378 9
Ⅲ	0.239 7	0.359 5
Ⅳ	0.235 5	0.354 5
Ⅴ	0.246 9	0.375 8
总计 Total	0.296 3	0.454 2

Table 6 HT、HS、GST and Nm of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

	样本大小 Sample size	H_T	H_S	G_ST	$N m *$
平均值 Mean	55	0.296 3	0.236 9	0.200 5	1.993 6
标准差 SD		0.023 4	0.017 1

Table 6 HT、HS、GST and Nm of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

	样本大小 Sample size	H_T	H_S	G_ST	$N m *$
平均值 Mean	55	0.296 3	0.236 9	0.200 5	1.993 6
标准差 SD		0.023 4	0.017 1

Table 7 Nei's genetic distance (below diagonal) and genetic identity (above diagonal) of Caragana davazamcii populations in different habitats

种群 Population	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
Ⅰ	****	0.926 7	0.917 6	0.905 3	0.894 8
Ⅱ	0.076 1	****	0.890 3	0.876 9	0.887 4
Ⅲ	0.086 0	0.116 2	****	0.938 4	0.899 8
Ⅳ	0.099 5	0.131 4	0.063 6	****	0.889 8
Ⅴ	0.111 2	0.119 4	0.105 6	0.116 7	****

Table 8 Correlation analysis between phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Caragana davazamcii in different habitats

		毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm^-2)	气孔指数 Stomatal index	多态位点 Polymorphic loci	Nei指数 Nei's index	Shannon 信息指数 Shannon information index
毛密度 Trichome density (ind.·mm^-2)	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	1 .	0.650 0.235	0.593 0.292	0.577 0.308	0.577 0.309	0.458 0.438
气孔密度 Stomatal density (ind.·mm^-2)	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.650 0.235	1 .	0.400 0.505	1.000^** .	0.900^* 0.037	0.901^* 0.039
气孔指数 Stomatal index	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.593 0.292	0.400 0.505	1 .	0.575 0.310	0.575 0.311	0.333 0.584
多态位点 Polymorphic loci	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.577 0.308	1.000^* .	0.575 0.310	1 .	1.000^** .	0.937^* 0.019
Nei指数 Nei's index	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.577 0.309	0.900^* 0.037	0.575 0.311	1.000^** .	1 .	0.937^* 0.019
Shannon 信息指数 Shannon information index	Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)	0.458 0.438	0.901^* 0.039	0.333 0.584	0.937^* 0.019	0.937^* 0.019	1 .

References 22

[1]	Antonielli M, Pasqualini S, Batini P, Ederli L, Massacci A, Loreto F (2002). Physiological and anatomical characterization of Phragmites australis leaves. Aquatic Botany, 72,55-66.
[2]	Anyia AO, Herzog H (2004). Water-use efficiency, leaf area and leaf gas exchange of cowpeas under mid-season drought. European Journal of Agronomy, 20,327-339.
[3]	Bradshaw AD (1965). Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Advances in Genetics, 13,115-155.
[4]	Cai YL (蔡永立), Song YC (宋永昌) (2001). Adaptive ecology of lianas in Tiantong evergreen broad-leaved forest Zhejiang, China. Ⅰ. Leaf anatomical characters. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 25,90-98. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Chen XD (陈旭东), Chen ZX (陈仲新), Zhao YX (赵雨兴) (1998). The determination of ecotone and the characteristics of biome on Ordos Plateau. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 22,312-318. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Morris DW (2006). Ecology: moving to the ideal free home. Nature, 443,645-646.
[7]	Doyle J (1991). DNA protocols for plants. In: Hewitt GM, Johnston AWB, Young JPWeds. Molecular Techniques in Taxonomy. Springer, Berlin,283-293.
[8]	Gao JP (高建平), Wang YH (王彦涵), Chen DF (陈道峰) (2003). Anatomical characteristics of leaf epidermis and vessel elements of Schisandra sphenanthera from different districts and their relationships to environmental factors. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 23,715-723. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Gao LF (高丽锋), Deng X (邓馨), Wang HX (王洪新), Hu ZA (胡志昂) (2002). Genetic diversity and 16S rDNA sequence of rhizobia isolated from nodules of Caragana intermedia in Maowusu sandland. Acta Microbiologica Sinica (微生物学报), 42,649-656. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	Honer CP, Mikael L, Gabrielle R, Mcorgareta I, Merit K (2006). Gene diversity in a fragmented population of Briza media: grassland continuity in a landscape context. Journal of Ecology, 94,87-97.
[11]	Li B (李博), Shi PJ (史培军), Li TJ (李天杰), Chen QL (陈钦峦), Yang MH (杨美华) (1990). Natural Resource and Environment, Study of the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia (内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原自然资源与环境研究). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[12]	Li XR (李新荣) (2000). Discussion on the characteristics of shrubby diversity of Ordos Plateau. Resources Science (资源科学), 22(3),54-59. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Li XR (李新荣), Liu XM (刘新民), Yang ZY (杨正宇) (1998). A study on the relation of shrub community and environment in desertified steppe and steppefied desert of Ordos Plateau. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 18,123-130. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Ren H (任辉), Pan KY (潘开玉), Chen ZD (陈之端), Wang RQ (王仁卿) (2003). Structural characters of leaf epidermis and their systematic significance in Vitaceae. Acta Phytotaxo-nomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 41,531-544. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Robert GL (2006). Integrating patterns across multiple genetic markers to infer spatial processes. Landscape Ecology, 21,809-820.
[16]	Sam O, Jeréz E, Dell'Amico J, Ruiz-Sánchez MC (2000). Water stress induced changes in anatomy of tomato leaf epidermis. Biologia Plantarum, 43,275-277.
[17]	Shi J (施蛟), Chen B (陈博), Sun ZH (孙智华), Hu CQ (胡昌奇) (2003). Studies on flavonoid constituents of Caragana intermediia. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica (药学学报), 38,599-602. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Sun ZH (孙智华), Zhang S (张甦), Hu CQ (胡昌奇) (2004). Preparation of carainterol a derivatives. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals (中国医药工业杂志), 35(4),197-199.
[19]	Wang XL (王勋陵), Wang J (王静) (1989). Plant Morphological Structure and Environmental (植物形态结构与环境). Lanzhou University Press, Lanzhou,1-90. (in Chinese)
[20]	Yang MB (杨明博), Yang J (杨劼), Yang JY (杨九艳) (2005a). The changes of free proline and MDA contents and POD activity of Caragana davazamcii in different habitats in Erdos Plateau. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Neimongol(Natural Science Edition) (内蒙古大学学报 (自然科学版)), 36,192-196. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Yang MB (杨明博), Yang J (杨劼), Yang JY (杨九艳) (2005b). Physiological and biochemical analysis of the leaves of seven species of Caragana. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 38,599-602. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Zhou YG (周永刚), Wang HX (王洪新), Hu ZA (胡志昂) (2001). Variation of breeding systems in populations of Caragana intermedia (Leguminosae) in Maowusu sandy grassland. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 43,1307-1309. (in Chinese with English abstract)