Relationship of embolism resistance with xylem anatomical structure and related traits of 12 tree species in tropical karst seasonal rainforests

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0016

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims In the context of global climate change, drought-induced xylem embolism is considered as the main factor driving tree death. Therefore, analyzing the intrinsic anatomical determinants of xylem embolism resistance (water potential at 50% loss of xylem conductivity, P₅₀) is of great significance for understanding the mechanism between its structure and function, and provides a theoretical basis for the selection of tree species for vegetation restoration in the context of climate change.
Methods We measured the xylem vessel diameter, vessel grouping index, fractions of xylem tissues, pit morphology, pit membrane ultrastructure and water storage capacity (such as wood density and saturated water content), and explored the relationships between xylem embolism resistance and their anatomical structure and structural characteristics of 12 main evergreen tree species in Nonggang karst forest of Guangxi.
Important findings We found that: (1) P₅₀ had no significant correlation with vessel diameter, density, vessel grouping index and fraction of xylem tissues; (2) The correlations between P₅₀ and pit morphology, thickness of pit membrane and depth of pit chamber were not significant; (3) P₅₀ was negatively correlated with wood density and marginally positively correlated with saturated water content. Tree species with high wood density and low saturated water content had strong embolism resistance. The results indicated that using a single anatomical structure trait could not give out comprehensive evaluation on drought-induced embolic resistance. In addition, there was a trade-off between xylem water capacity and embolism resistance. This result was of great ecological significance for deeply understanding the internal structural mechanism of drought tolerance and diversified water use strategies of karst plants.

Key words: wood density, saturated water content, xylem vessel, pit, pit membrane

MA Lin, CHAO Lin, HE Yu-Sha, LI Zhong-Guo, WANG Ai-Hua, LIU Sheng-Yuan, HU Bao-Qing, LIU Yan-Yan. Relationship of embolism resistance with xylem anatomical structure and related traits of 12 tree species in tropical karst seasonal rainforests[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(7): 888-902.

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Figures/Tables 7

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树种 Species	科 Family	最大导管长度 Maximum vessel length (cm)
蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	锦葵科 Malvaceae	85.0
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	叶下珠科 Phyllanthaceae	93.9
网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	核果木科 Putranjivaceae	53.5
海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis	青钟麻科 Achariaceae	35.0
割舌树 Walsura robusta	楝科 Meliaceae	71.6
金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	藤黄科 Clusiaceae	92.3
茎花山柚 Champereia manillana	山柚子科 Opiliaceae	96.8
三角车 Rinorea bengalensis	堇菜科 Violaceae	94.8
细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	野牡丹科 Melastomataceae	52.8
淡黄金花茶 Camellia grandis	山茶科 Theaceae	115.7
南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora	报春花科 Primulaceae	79.0
广西澄广花 Orophea polycarpa	番荔枝科 Annonaceae	72.6

树种 Species	科 Family	最大导管长度 Maximum vessel length (cm)
蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	锦葵科 Malvaceae	85.0
闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	叶下珠科 Phyllanthaceae	93.9
网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	核果木科 Putranjivaceae	53.5
海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis	青钟麻科 Achariaceae	35.0
割舌树 Walsura robusta	楝科 Meliaceae	71.6
金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	藤黄科 Clusiaceae	92.3
茎花山柚 Champereia manillana	山柚子科 Opiliaceae	96.8
三角车 Rinorea bengalensis	堇菜科 Violaceae	94.8
细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	野牡丹科 Melastomataceae	52.8
淡黄金花茶 Camellia grandis	山茶科 Theaceae	115.7
南方紫金牛 Ardisia thyrsiflora	报春花科 Primulaceae	79.0
广西澄广花 Orophea polycarpa	番荔枝科 Annonaceae	72.6

性状缩写 Abbreviation	含义 Definition	单位 Unit
P₅₀	木质部导水率损失50%时的水势 Water potential at 50% loss of xylem conductivity	MPa
WD	木材密度 Wood density	g∙cm^-3
SWC	饱和含水量 Saturated water content	-
MVL	最大导管长度 Maximum vessel length	cm
D_h	导管水力直径 Hydraulically weighted vessel diameter	μm
VD	导管密度 Vessel density	no∙mm^-2
VWR	导管壁加固系数 Vessel wall reinforcement coefficient	-
V_s	独立导管指数=独立导管数/导管总数 Solitary vessel index = number of single vessels / total number of vessels	-
V_g	导管组指数=导管成组数/总导管数 Vessel grouping index = total number of vessel groups / total number of vessels	-
VF	导管占比 Vessel fraction	%
APF	轴向薄壁细胞占比 Axial parenchyma fraction	%
RPF	射线薄壁细胞占比 Ray parenchyma fraction	%
TPF	总薄壁细胞占比 Xylem total parenchyma fraction	%
FF	纤维细胞占比 Fiber fraction	%
A_p	纹孔膜表面积 Pit membrane area	μm²
A_PA	纹孔口表面积 Pit aperture surface area	μm²
A_pf	纹孔口形状=纹孔口径的短轴/长轴 Pit aperture shape = the shortest/longest axis of the pit aperture	-
A_ap	纹孔口面积占导管壁面积的百分比 Percentage of total aperture area in unit intervessel wall area	%
F_pf	纹孔占据导管壁面积的百分比 Percentage of total pit area in unit intervessel wall	%
T_m	纹孔膜厚度 Thickness of intervessel pit membrane	nm
L_p	纹孔腔深度 Depth of pit chamber from membrane surface to inner edge of pit aperture	nm

性状缩写 Abbreviation	含义 Definition	单位 Unit
P₅₀	木质部导水率损失50%时的水势 Water potential at 50% loss of xylem conductivity	MPa
WD	木材密度 Wood density	g∙cm^-3
SWC	饱和含水量 Saturated water content	-
MVL	最大导管长度 Maximum vessel length	cm
D_h	导管水力直径 Hydraulically weighted vessel diameter	μm
VD	导管密度 Vessel density	no∙mm^-2
VWR	导管壁加固系数 Vessel wall reinforcement coefficient	-
V_s	独立导管指数=独立导管数/导管总数 Solitary vessel index = number of single vessels / total number of vessels	-
V_g	导管组指数=导管成组数/总导管数 Vessel grouping index = total number of vessel groups / total number of vessels	-
VF	导管占比 Vessel fraction	%
APF	轴向薄壁细胞占比 Axial parenchyma fraction	%
RPF	射线薄壁细胞占比 Ray parenchyma fraction	%
TPF	总薄壁细胞占比 Xylem total parenchyma fraction	%
FF	纤维细胞占比 Fiber fraction	%
A_p	纹孔膜表面积 Pit membrane area	μm²
A_PA	纹孔口表面积 Pit aperture surface area	μm²
A_pf	纹孔口形状=纹孔口径的短轴/长轴 Pit aperture shape = the shortest/longest axis of the pit aperture	-
A_ap	纹孔口面积占导管壁面积的百分比 Percentage of total aperture area in unit intervessel wall area	%
F_pf	纹孔占据导管壁面积的百分比 Percentage of total pit area in unit intervessel wall	%
T_m	纹孔膜厚度 Thickness of intervessel pit membrane	nm
L_p	纹孔腔深度 Depth of pit chamber from membrane surface to inner edge of pit aperture	nm