SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT PLANTATIONS IN LOWLANDS OF THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA, CHINA

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0102

Abstract

Abstract:

Background and Aims More attention is being paid to utilization of the ecological resources in the lowlands of the Yellow River Delta. However, most proposed measures emphasize breeding, irrigation and cultivation. Soil enzymes play an important role in soil biochemical processes, such as litter decomposition, nutrient fixation and nutrient release. Insufficient attention has been paid to the relationships among soil enzymes, soil microbes and soil physical-chemical quality, yet such study can indicate the dynamic process of soil nutrients and soil health. Our objectives were to determine: 1) the distribution of soil enzymes of different plantations at different soil depths, 2) the correlations among microbes, soil nutrients and soil physical and chemical characteristics and 3) soil enzymes that are key factors in maintaining soil fertility.

Methods We analyzed soil enzymes, soil chemical characteristics and soil microbes for six kinds of plantations (Tamarix chinensis, Salix matsudana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus chinensis, Ziziphus jujube and Morus alba) in Kenli County, Dongying, Shandong Province. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm depths. Established methods were used to analyze soil enzymes and soil physical and chemical characteristics. Analysis was done using an integrative method combining correlation and component analyses in SPSS.

Key Results Soil urease and soil peroxidase decrease with increasing soil depth. There are positive relationships between soil peroxidase and soil urease, and soil peroxidase and soil polyphenol oxidase, while there is negative correlation between soil urease and soil polyphenol oxidase. The kind of plantation clearly affects soil urease and soil polyphenol oxidase, but not soil catalase and soil peroxidase. Soil urease activity of different plantations is higher than that of the Tamarix chinensis forest; the soil polyphenol oxidase activity is lower than that of the Tamarix chinensis forest, except for the Robinia pseudoacacia forest. There are close correlations among soil enzymes and soil nutrients, and few correlations with pH values and soil microbes. Among them, soil urease shows positive relationships with total N, organic C and available C. Soil polyphenol oxidase shows a positive relationship with available K and negative relationships with soil catalase, total N, available P, organic C, peroxidase and soil urease.

Conclusions This study suggests that plantation type affects soil enzyme activities. The activities of soil urease and soil polyphenol oxidase can be regarded as indexes to assess soil quality in the lowlands.

Key words: Lowland, Yellow River delta, Plantation, Soil enzyme, Soil microbe

LI Chuan-Rong, XU Jing-Wei, SONG Hai-Yan, LI Chun-Yan, ZHENG Li, WANG Wei-Dong, WANG Yue-Hai. SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT PLANTATIONS IN LOWLANDS OF THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA, CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2006, 30(5): 802-809.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0102

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2006/V30/I5/802

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 General situation of the forest stands

林型 Type	株行距(m×m) Row spacing	树高 Height (m)	胸径 DBH (cm)	林龄 Age (a)	备注 Notes
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	3.0×2.5	10.8	12.9	7	林下草盖度45% Underground covered by 45% grass
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	1.0×1.0	1.8		50	海边,疏于管理 Seaside, loose management
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	2.0×2.6	3.2	8.6(Base)	7	未套种,定期翻土 Not interplanting of another plant, spading periodically
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	2.0×2.0	16.5	13.1	20	经过两次间伐,草本植物稀少,地面有腐殖质层,保留680株·hm^-2 Intermediate cutting twice, rare herbage, mould cover, 680 plant·hm^-2
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	2.0×3.0	5.7	7.2	7	林下草本植物发育 Herbage developed in the underground
桑园 Morus alba forest	1.0×1.0	1.8		15	漫灌,树上多螳螂卵块 Flood irrigation, a lot of egg mass of mantis on the tree

Table 2 The soil enzyme activities and their coefficient of variation (CV) of different plantations in the lowlands of the Yellow River delta

	脲酶 Urease		多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase		过氧化酶 Peroxidase		过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase
	活性Activity (N $H 3 - 1$ -N μg· g^-1·d^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (0.1 mol KMnO₄· ml·g^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (2 h Galnut mg· g^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (0.1 mol KMnO₄· ml·g^-1·d^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	0.018	20.00	0.542	1	0.602	8.00	1.000	0
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	0.155	34.00	0.120	6	0.553	18.00	0.925	3.00
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	0.256	37.00	0.476	14	0.484	25.00	0.900	6.00
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	0.126	63.00	0.771	32	0.543	8.00	0.993	1.00
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	0.295	17.00	0.068	30	0.569	2.00	0.938	1.00
桑园 Morus alba forest	0.147	57.00	0.442	25	0.466	12.00	0.975	3.00
空地 Barren	0.012	0.42	0.789	25	0.577	1.27	1.025	3.50
均值 Average	0.166	0.38	0.403	0.18	0.536	0.12	0.955	0.02

Table 2 The soil enzyme activities and their coefficient of variation (CV) of different plantations in the lowlands of the Yellow River delta

	脲酶 Urease		多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase		过氧化酶 Peroxidase		过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase
	活性Activity (N $H 3 - 1$ -N μg· g^-1·d^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (0.1 mol KMnO₄· ml·g^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (2 h Galnut mg· g^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (0.1 mol KMnO₄· ml·g^-1·d^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	0.018	20.00	0.542	1	0.602	8.00	1.000	0
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	0.155	34.00	0.120	6	0.553	18.00	0.925	3.00
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	0.256	37.00	0.476	14	0.484	25.00	0.900	6.00
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	0.126	63.00	0.771	32	0.543	8.00	0.993	1.00
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	0.295	17.00	0.068	30	0.569	2.00	0.938	1.00
桑园 Morus alba forest	0.147	57.00	0.442	25	0.466	12.00	0.975	3.00
空地 Barren	0.012	0.42	0.789	25	0.577	1.27	1.025	3.50
均值 Average	0.166	0.38	0.403	0.18	0.536	0.12	0.955	0.02

Table 3 The relationships among the four kinds of soil enzymes

	脲酶 Urease	多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase
脲酶Urease	1.000	-0.560^*	0.174	-0.784^**
多酚氧化酶Polyphenol oxidase		1.000	-0.117	0.673^**
过氧化物酶Peroxidase			1.000	0.027
过氧化氢酶Hydrogen peroxidase				1.000

Table 4 The contents of soil nutrient and their pH values

类型 Type	层次 Layer (cm)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (mg·kg^-1)	速效氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic C (%)	pH
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	0~20	0.029	0.388	31.249	6.998	128.791	0.506	8.03
	20~50	0.010	0.456	15.625	5.020	68.065	0.147	7.88
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	0~20	0.034	0.309	42.067	4.533	68.065	0.350	8.32
	20~50	0.010	0.420	23.437	6.141	118.670	0.197	7.86
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	0~20	0.070	0.494	51.081	11.821	199.638	1.380	7.89
	20~50	0.033	0.402	25.240	5.926	159.154	0.517	7.94
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	0~20	0.065	0.458	52.884	5.283	230.001	0.764	8.12
	20~50	0.017	0.341	27.644	3.675	149.033	0.180	8.64
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	0~20	0.069	0.462	57.691	7.711	149.033	0.877	8.35
	20~50	0.020	0.410	27.000	5.200	132.350	0.400	8.10
桑园 Morus alba forest	0~20	0.053	0.418	72.114	5.604	118.670	0.728	8.22
	20~50	0.020	0.400	35.000	5.200	103.360	0.400	8.10

Table 5 The relationships among the soil enzyme activities, soil nutrients and pH values

	pH	全氮 Total N	全磷 Total P	速效氮 Available N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	有机质 Organic C
脲酶 Urease	0.178	0.788^**	0.416	0.652^*	0.456	0.447	0.760^**
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	-0.085	-0.097	-0.162	-0.186	-0.304	0.476^*	-0.054
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	0.129	0.277	0.143	0.182	0.165	-0.330	0.140
过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase	0.229	-0.473^*	-0.373	-0.316	-0.587^*	-0. 265	-0.471^*

Table 6 The amounts of soil microbes of different plantations

类型 Type	层次 Layer (cm)	固氮菌 Nitrogen fixer (10⁴ cfu·g^-1 DW)	纤维素分解菌 Cellulose decomposer (10³ cfu·g^-1 DW)	真菌 Fungi (10⁶ cfu·g^-1 DW)	放线菌 Actinomyce (10⁶ cfu·g^-1 DW)	细菌 Bacteria (10⁸ cfu·g^-1 DW)
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	0~20	0.4	10	2	1344	10.3
	20~50	0.2	5	12	40	0.4
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	0~20	44.0	150	18	74	9.5
	20~50	43.0	5	6	136	23.9
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	0~20	170.0	50	5	1 391	6.4
	20~50	18.0	60	2	345	4.4
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	0~20	21.0	40	15	227	25.1
	20~50	17.0	5	5	92	2.2
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	0~20	230.0	1 700	5	263	33.5
	20~50	9.0	1	5	533	32.0
桑园 Morus alba forest	0~20	20.0	60	72	413	30.5
	20~50	15.0	20	27	25	12.5

Table 7 The relationships between soil enzyme activities and microbes

	固氮菌 Nitrogen fixer	纤维素分解菌 Cellulose-decomposer	真菌 Fungi	放线菌 Actinomyce	细菌 Bacteria
脲酶 Urease	0.814^**	0.653^**	-0.180	0.432	0.521^*
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	-0.525^*	-0.345	0.087	-0.094	-0.517^*
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	0.135	0.163	-0.094	0.357	0.107
过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase	-0.841^**	-0.516^*	0.231	-0.320	-0.375

Table 8 The principal component analysis of soil information system in different plantations

	第一主成分 1st Component	第二主成分 2nd Component	第三主成分 3rd Component	第四主成分 4th Component	第五主成分 5th Component
特征根 Eigenvalues	6.379	2.865	2.108	1.425	1.184
方差贡献率 Rate of variance	39.870	17.905	13.176	8.908	7.339
累积贡献率 Cumulative rate	39.870	57.775	70.951	79.860	87.258

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