Effects of fire originated black carbon on species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Larix gmelinii forest in growing season

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0333

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Fire is an important disturbance factor in the northern forest ecosystem, and black carbon, a product of fire, widely exists in most forest soils. Many studies have shown the positive impact of black carbon on plant yield, but little is known about the synergy between black carbon and microorganisms (such as mycorrhizal fungi) which can promote plant growth. Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) fungi is like a bridge between coniferous trees and soil in the northern forest ecosystem. Exploring the changes of ECM fungal community after fire can provide a theoretical basis for the carbon pool restoration and help with scientific management of the northern forest ecosystem after fire.

Methods In this study, Larix gmelinii forest in the Da Hinggan Mountains was taken as the research object. Samples were taken at the beginning of the growing season (June) and at the end of the growing season (September) after fire disturbance. ECM fungi were identified by high-throughput sequencing method to explore the changes and key influencing factors of ECM fungal community under the treatment of fire and black carbon addition.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) During the growing season, compared with CK, the α-diversity of ECM fungal community treated by fire decreased significantly by 31.52%, while it increased significantly by 49.02% under black carbon addition treatment. There were significant differences in the β-diversity of of ECM fungal community under fire and black carbon addition treatments during the growing season. (2) During the growing season, the abundance of ECM fungi treated by fire decreased significantly by 46.35%, but the fire treatment significantly increased Basidiomycetes species abundance, while black carbon addition treatment increased Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes species abundance. (3) During the growing season, the composition of ECM fungal community in Larix gmelini forest was significantly affected by soil pH, water content and total nitrogen content under the fire and black carbon addition treatments, but it was positively correlated with soil pH and total nitrogen content and negatively correlated with soil water content in the black carbon addition treatment. The results of this study showed that fire reduced the diversity of ECM fungi in Larix gmelinii forest during the growing season, and significantly reduced the abundance of ECM fungi. However, the addition of black carbon after fire may change this negative effect. By affecting the changes of soil pH and soil nitrogen content, black carbon promoted the recovery of ECM fungi and increased its diversity. Therefore, the long-term impact of black carbon on ECM fungal community should be continuously monitored in the future.

Key words: fire, Larix gmelinii, ectomycorrhizal fungi, black carbon, diversity

HU Tong-Xin, LI Bei, LI Guang-Xin, REN Yue-Xiao, DING Hai-Lei, SUN Long. Effects of fire originated black carbon on species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Larix gmelinii forest in growing season[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(6): 792-803.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0333

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I6/792

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 The image of black carbon under scanning electron microscope.

Table 1 Basic information of the plots in Bila river of Da Hinggan Mountains (mean ± SD)

样地 Plot	树木胸径 Diameter at breast height of trees (cm)	香农-维纳多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	生物量 Biomass (g·m^-2)
CK	16.63 ± 0.96	1.23 ± 0.50	84.86 ± 21.14
F	15.57 ± 0.75	1.42 ± 0.41	114.20 ± 28.45
F-C	17.47 ± 1.03	1.39 ± 0.29	96.10 ± 32.07
F+C	17.83 ± 0.67	1.50 ± 0.62	120.82 ± 87.17

Table 2 Two factors test of effects of different treatments and months on soil physical and chemical properties, and ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity in a Larix gemelinii forest

	月份 Month (df = 1)		组别 Group (df = 3)		月份×组别 Month × group (df = 3)
	F	p	F	p	F	p
pH	33.31	**	18.96	**	2.67	ns
SWC	33.48	**	19.30	**	4.57	**
NH+ 4-N	107.05	**	10.08	**	9.70	**
NO- 3-N	2.21	ns	3.10	**	2.26	ns
TN	22.99	**	2.63	ns	5.63	**
TC	11.32	**	12.79	**	2.06	ns
Chao1	5.09	*	0.97	ns	4.43	**
Shannon	0.95	ns	4.85	**	7.61	**
Simpson	2.02	ns	3.48	*	6.50	**

Fig. 2 Effects of adding black carbon after fire on soil physical and chemical properties at the beginning (June) and the end (September) of the growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest (mean ± SE). CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between months of the same treatment (p < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same month (p < 0.05). NH+ 4-N, soil ammonium nitrogen content; NO- 3-N, soil nitrate nitrogen content; SWC, soil water content; TC, soil total carbon content; TN, soil total nitrogen content.

Fig. 3 Sparse plots of alpha index of the ectomycorrhiza fungi community under fire originated black carbon at the beginning (June, A) and the end (September, B) of the growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest. CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots.

Fig. 4 Effects of adding black carbon after fire on diversity index at the beginning (June) and the end (September) of the growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between months of the same treatment (p < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same month (p < 0.05). CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots.

Fig. 5 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of adding black carbon after fire at the beginning (June, A) and the end (September, B) of the growing season in a Larix gmelinii forest. CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots.

Fig. 6 Species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi at the genus level in a Larix gmelinii forest. A, At the beginning of the growing season (June). B, At the end of the growing season (September). CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots.

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) between environmental factors and ectomycorrhizal fungi species relative abundance at the genus level of Larix gmelini. A, Early growth season (June). B, End of growing season (September). CK, unburned control; F, burned plots; F-C, black carbon removal plots; F+C, black carbon addition plots. NH+ 4-N, soil ammonium nitrogen content; NO- 3-N, soil nitrate nitrogen content; SWC, soil water content; TC, soil total carbon content; TN, soil total nitrogen content.

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