增温对森林细根生长、死亡及周转特征影响的研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0202

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1043-1054.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0202

• 综述 • 下一篇

增温对森林细根生长、死亡及周转特征影响的研究进展

吴晨¹^,²^,³, 陈心怡¹^,²^,³, 刘源豪¹^,²^,³, 黄锦学¹, 熊德成¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007
²福建师范大学福建省植物生理生态重点实验室, 福州 350007
³福建三明森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 福建三明 365002

收稿日期:2022-05-18 接受日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2022-10-10
通讯作者: *熊德成(xdc104@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32071743);国家自然科学基金(31930071);国家自然科学基金(31901132);国家重大基础研究计划(2014CB954003)

Effects of warming on fine root growth, mortality and turnover: a review

WU Chen¹^,²^,³, CHEN Xin-Yi¹^,²^,³, LIU Yuan-Hao¹^,²^,³, HUANG Jin-Xue¹, XIONG De-Cheng¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
²Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
³Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, Fujian 365002, China

Received:2022-05-18 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2022-10-10
Contact: *XIONG De-Cheng(xdc104@163.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071743);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930071);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901132);National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(2014CB954003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细根是根系中最活跃和最敏感的部分, 在森林生态系统生物地球化学循环中发挥着十分重要的作用。细根生长和周转会对植物根系碳进入土壤的通量产生强烈的影响。全球变暖对地下生态过程的影响已成为全球变化背景下关注的热点问题, 细根生长动态对全球变暖作何响应将直接影响到生态系统的碳平衡。该文就增温对森林细根生长、死亡、生物量及周转的影响的研究进展进行综述, 以期揭示增温对森林细根生长动态的影响。目前大部分研究认为增温会通过改变土壤含水率、养分有效性以及新近光合产物的分配等指标来影响细根的生长和死亡, 加快细根周转过程, 进而导致细根生物量降低。但细根生长受诸多因素的影响, 使得增温对细根影响的研究结果因树种、区域、增温方式等因素的影响存在不一致的结论。因此综合分析增温条件下森林细根的响应对研究地下生态学过程至关重要。今后还应加强以下方面的研究: (1)根据各增温方法的优缺点比较不同增温方式以及短期、长期增温实验对细根生长动态和地上部分影响的研究; (2)结合多种细根观测手段及实验方法综合分析增温对细根生长动态的影响, 同时加强增温对细根序级结构影响的研究; (3)加强增温与养分、水分、CO₂等的交互作用对细根生长动态影响的研究; (4)重点关注增温对不同土层尤其是深层土壤中细根生长动态影响的研究; (5)深入研究细根-土壤-微生物三者间相互关系对增温的潜在响应。

关键词: 全球变暖, 细根生长, 地下碳分配, 垂直分布, 周转速率

Abstract:

Fine roots are the most active and sensitive part of the root system, and play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of forest ecosystems. Fine root growth and turnover have a strong impact on the root carbon flux into soil. The effect of global warming on below-ground ecological processes has become a hot issue in global change research, and the response of fine root dynamics to warming will directly affect the carbon balance of forest ecosystems. In this paper, the effects of warming on fine root production, mortality, biomass and turnover are reviewed to reveal the effects of warming on fine root dynamics. Generally, warming affects the fine root production and mortality by changing soil moisture, nutrient availability and distribution of recent photosynthetic products, accelerates fine root turnover process, and then reduces fine root biomass. However, fine root growth is affected by many factors, making the research results of the impact of warming on fine roots inconsistent among different studies, due to the difference in tree species, regions, warming methods and other factors. Therefore, comprehensively analyzing the response of forest fine roots under warming is very important for studies on below-ground ecological processes. In the future, we call for more research in the following aspects: (1) according to the advantages and disadvantages of each warming method, compare the effects of different warming methods and warming durations on the growth dynamics of fine roots and above-ground parts; (2) combined with various fine root observation and experimental methods, comprehensively analyze the effect of warming on fine root growth dynamics, and strengthen the research on the effect of warming on fine root order structure; (3) strengthen the research on the interaction of warming and nutrient, water and CO₂ on fine root growth dynamics; (4) focus on the effects of warming on fine root dynamics in different soil layers, especially in deep soils; and (5) deeply study the potential response of the relationship among fine roots, soils and microorganisms to warming.

Key words: global warming, fine root growth, below-ground carbon allocation, vertical distribution, turnover rate

吴晨, 陈心怡, 刘源豪, 黄锦学, 熊德成. 增温对森林细根生长、死亡及周转特征影响的研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(8): 1043-1054. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0202

WU Chen, CHEN Xin-Yi, LIU Yuan-Hao, HUANG Jin-Xue, XIONG De-Cheng. Effects of warming on fine root growth, mortality and turnover: a review. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(8): 1043-1054. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0202

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图/表 2

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研究区域 Study area	增温方式 Heating mode	研究对象 Research object	周转速率 Turnover rate	可能影响机理 Possible influence mechanism	参考文献 Reference
温带 Temperate zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	欧洲云杉 Picea abies	增加 Increase	增温使得土壤矿化速率加快, 细根死亡率增加 Warming accelerated soil carbon mineralization rate, and increased fine root mortality	Majdi & ?hrvik, 2004
温带 Temperate zone	开顶式增温 Open top chamber (OTC) heating	Acer saccharum	增加 Increase	土壤水分降低, 细根呼吸速率加快, 食草动物及病原体数量增加 Warming decreased soil moisture, increased fine root respiration rate, and stimulated herbivores and pathogens	Wan et al., 2004
温带 Temperate zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	欧洲云杉 P. abies	增加 Increase	土壤矿质氮浓度增加, 细根死亡率增加 Warming increased soil mineral nitrogen concentration and fine root mortality	Lepp?lammi-Kujansuu et al., 2014
亚热带 Subtropical zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	增加 Increase	增温导致细根碳消耗加快, 非结构性碳水化合物减少, 细根死亡量增加 Warming accelerated carbon consumption, decreased non structural carbohydrates content, and increased fine root mortality	Xiong et al., 2018
热带 Tropical zone	辐射增温 Radiation warming	热带森林 Tropical forests	增加 Increase	增温对细根生物量、细根生产量均有负面影响, 增温使叶片光合速率降低, 叶片呼吸未产生热适应 Warming had negative effects on fine root biomass and fine root production; warming reduced foliar photosynthetic rates and did not cause thermal acclimation of foliar respiration	Yaffar et al., 2021
全球尺度 Global scale	开顶式增温、电缆增温、辐射增温 OTC heating, cable heating, radiation warming	草地、灌丛、森林 Grassland, shrub and forest	增加 Increase	土壤养分增加, 细根呼吸速率加快, 病原菌和草食动物增加 Warming increased soil nutrients, fine root respiration rate, pathogens and herbivores	Gill & Jackson, 2000
全球尺度 Global scale	开顶式增温、电缆增温、辐射增温 OTC heating, cable heating, radiation warming	农田、草地、森林、湿地、苔原 Farmland, grassland, forest, wetland and tundra	无变化 Unchanged	增温后细根死亡量无显著变化, 细根生物量增加 Warming increased fine root biomass, and there was no significant change in fine root mortality	Wang et al., 2021
温带 Temperate zone	开顶式增温 OTC heating	花旗松 Pseudotsuga menziesii	无变化 Unchanged	该植物-土壤系统属于贫营养环境, 受到氮的限制, 使得增温对细根生长量、死亡量均没有显著影响 The plant-soil system belongs to an oligotrophic environment, which is limited by nitrogen; warming had no significant effect on fine root growth and mortality	Johnson et al., 2006

研究区域 Study area	增温方式 Heating mode	研究对象 Research object	周转速率 Turnover rate	可能影响机理 Possible influence mechanism	参考文献 Reference
温带 Temperate zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	欧洲云杉 Picea abies	增加 Increase	增温使得土壤矿化速率加快, 细根死亡率增加 Warming accelerated soil carbon mineralization rate, and increased fine root mortality	Majdi & ?hrvik, 2004
温带 Temperate zone	开顶式增温 Open top chamber (OTC) heating	Acer saccharum	增加 Increase	土壤水分降低, 细根呼吸速率加快, 食草动物及病原体数量增加 Warming decreased soil moisture, increased fine root respiration rate, and stimulated herbivores and pathogens	Wan et al., 2004
温带 Temperate zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	欧洲云杉 P. abies	增加 Increase	土壤矿质氮浓度增加, 细根死亡率增加 Warming increased soil mineral nitrogen concentration and fine root mortality	Lepp?lammi-Kujansuu et al., 2014
亚热带 Subtropical zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	增加 Increase	增温导致细根碳消耗加快, 非结构性碳水化合物减少, 细根死亡量增加 Warming accelerated carbon consumption, decreased non structural carbohydrates content, and increased fine root mortality	Xiong et al., 2018
热带 Tropical zone	辐射增温 Radiation warming	热带森林 Tropical forests	增加 Increase	增温对细根生物量、细根生产量均有负面影响, 增温使叶片光合速率降低, 叶片呼吸未产生热适应 Warming had negative effects on fine root biomass and fine root production; warming reduced foliar photosynthetic rates and did not cause thermal acclimation of foliar respiration	Yaffar et al., 2021
全球尺度 Global scale	开顶式增温、电缆增温、辐射增温 OTC heating, cable heating, radiation warming	草地、灌丛、森林 Grassland, shrub and forest	增加 Increase	土壤养分增加, 细根呼吸速率加快, 病原菌和草食动物增加 Warming increased soil nutrients, fine root respiration rate, pathogens and herbivores	Gill & Jackson, 2000
全球尺度 Global scale	开顶式增温、电缆增温、辐射增温 OTC heating, cable heating, radiation warming	农田、草地、森林、湿地、苔原 Farmland, grassland, forest, wetland and tundra	无变化 Unchanged	增温后细根死亡量无显著变化, 细根生物量增加 Warming increased fine root biomass, and there was no significant change in fine root mortality	Wang et al., 2021
温带 Temperate zone	开顶式增温 OTC heating	花旗松 Pseudotsuga menziesii	无变化 Unchanged	该植物-土壤系统属于贫营养环境, 受到氮的限制, 使得增温对细根生长量、死亡量均没有显著影响 The plant-soil system belongs to an oligotrophic environment, which is limited by nitrogen; warming had no significant effect on fine root growth and mortality	Johnson et al., 2006

增温对森林细根生长、死亡及周转特征影响的研究进展

Effects of warming on fine root growth, mortality and turnover: a review

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