全球变暖与陆地生态系统研究中的野外增温装置

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于化石燃料燃烧和森林砍伐等人类活动引起的地球大气层中温室气体(主要是二氧化碳)的富集已导致全球平均温度在20世纪升高了0.6 ℃,并将在本世纪继续上升1.4~5.8 ℃。这种地质历史上前所未有的全球变暖将对陆地植物和生态系统产生深远影响,并通过全球碳循环的改变反馈于全球气候变化。作为全球变化生态学的主要研究方法之一,生态系统增温实验能够为生态模型提供参数估计和模型验证。然而由于在世界各地使用的增温装置不同,使得各个生态系统之间的结果比较和整合难以实施,增加了模型预测的不确定性。该文通过比较几种常见的野外增温装置在模拟全球变暖情形时的优缺点,指出利用不同增温装置进行全球变暖研究中应注意的一些问题;同时探讨了全球变暖控制实验研究中的一些关键性的科学问题。

关键词: 全球变暖, 增温装置, 植物, 生态系统, 红外线辐射器

Abstract:

Enrichment of atmospheric greenhouse gases resulted from human activities such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation has increased global mean temperature by 0.6 ℃ in the 20th century and is predicted to increase it by 1.4-5.8 ℃ in this century. The unprecedented global warming will have profound long-term impacts on terrestrial plants and ecosystems. Responses of terrestrial plants and ecosystems to global warming may feed back to climate change via ecosystem and global carbon cycling. As one of the major methodology in global change research, ecosystem warming studies can facilitate model projections on potential changes in terrestrial biomes in terms of parameterization and validation. The difficulty in comparing and integrating the results from various ecosystems manipulated with different warming facilities exacerbated the uncertainties of model prediction. In this paper, field facilities in simulating climate warming and their potential applications in different terrestrial biomes were discussed. Critical scientific questions that could be addressed by ecosystem warming studies were proposed.

Key words: global warming, warming facilities, plant, ecosystem, infrared radiator

牛书丽, 韩兴国, 马克平, 万师强. 全球变暖与陆地生态系统研究中的野外增温装置. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(2): 262-271. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0030

NIU Shu-Li, HAN Xing-Guo, MA Ke-Ping, WAN Shi-Qiang. FIELD FACILITIES IN GLOBAL WARMING AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(2): 262-271. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0030

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0030

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I2/262

图/表 4

参考文献 72

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增温装置 Warming facilities	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages	应用实例 Implication instances
温室/开顶箱 Greenhouse/open-top chamber	简单易行,不需电力,经济 Low cost in construction and maintenance. No electric power needed	不能模拟全球变暖条件下增温的日变化,影响小气候(光照、风速、湿度和降雨)和动物活动 Different diurnal patterns of temperature change from those under natural condition. Disturbance to microclimate (light, wind speed, humidity and rainfall) and animal activities	Chapin et al., 1995 Marion et al., 1997 Norby et al., 1997 Shaver et al., 1998 Klein et al., 2005
土壤加热管道和电缆 Heating fluid pipes and electric resistance cables	能精确的控制土壤温度 Close control soil temperature	不能模拟全球变暖增温的季节和日变化,空间加热不均匀,干扰土壤,影响土壤动物和微生物的活动,不能加热空气和植物地上部分 No temporal fluctuations of temperature increase. Spatial heterogeneity of warming effect. Disturbance on soil and soil fauna. No warming on air temperature and aboveground parts of plants	van Cleve et al., 1990 Hiller et al., 1994 Peterjohn et al., 1994 Ineson et al., 1998 Bergh & Linder, 1999 Hartley et al., 1999
红外线反射器 Infrared reflectors	能模拟全球变暖的增温机制和日变化,对土壤及植被无物理干扰 Better simulation of diurnal warming patterns. No physical distrubance on soil and plants	只能夜间增温,影响夜间小气候和动物活动以及清晨露水的输入 No warming during daytime. Possiblely affect animal activities and dew input	Zeiher et al., 1994 Luxmoore et al., 1998 Beier et al., 2004 Emmett et al., 2004
红外线辐射器 Infrared radiators	能模拟全球变暖的增温机制和日变化,对土壤及植被无物理干扰,不改变小气候状况 No disturbance on windspeed, soil and plant	耗费电力较多,在没有电力的地方和森林生态系统使用受到限制 Expensive in terms of energy cost. Limited use in forest ecosystems and area without electric power	Harte et al., 1995 Bridgham et al., 1995 Luo et al., 2001 Wan et al., 2002a Noormets et al., 2004 Kimball, 2005

增温装置 Warming facilities	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages	应用实例 Implication instances
温室/开顶箱 Greenhouse/open-top chamber	简单易行,不需电力,经济 Low cost in construction and maintenance. No electric power needed	不能模拟全球变暖条件下增温的日变化,影响小气候(光照、风速、湿度和降雨)和动物活动 Different diurnal patterns of temperature change from those under natural condition. Disturbance to microclimate (light, wind speed, humidity and rainfall) and animal activities	Chapin et al., 1995 Marion et al., 1997 Norby et al., 1997 Shaver et al., 1998 Klein et al., 2005
土壤加热管道和电缆 Heating fluid pipes and electric resistance cables	能精确的控制土壤温度 Close control soil temperature	不能模拟全球变暖增温的季节和日变化,空间加热不均匀,干扰土壤,影响土壤动物和微生物的活动,不能加热空气和植物地上部分 No temporal fluctuations of temperature increase. Spatial heterogeneity of warming effect. Disturbance on soil and soil fauna. No warming on air temperature and aboveground parts of plants	van Cleve et al., 1990 Hiller et al., 1994 Peterjohn et al., 1994 Ineson et al., 1998 Bergh & Linder, 1999 Hartley et al., 1999
红外线反射器 Infrared reflectors	能模拟全球变暖的增温机制和日变化,对土壤及植被无物理干扰 Better simulation of diurnal warming patterns. No physical distrubance on soil and plants	只能夜间增温,影响夜间小气候和动物活动以及清晨露水的输入 No warming during daytime. Possiblely affect animal activities and dew input	Zeiher et al., 1994 Luxmoore et al., 1998 Beier et al., 2004 Emmett et al., 2004
红外线辐射器 Infrared radiators	能模拟全球变暖的增温机制和日变化,对土壤及植被无物理干扰,不改变小气候状况 No disturbance on windspeed, soil and plant	耗费电力较多,在没有电力的地方和森林生态系统使用受到限制 Expensive in terms of energy cost. Limited use in forest ecosystems and area without electric power	Harte et al., 1995 Bridgham et al., 1995 Luo et al., 2001 Wan et al., 2002a Noormets et al., 2004 Kimball, 2005