Distribution patterns of alien invasive plants and their influences on native plants of Hainan Island

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0047

Abstract

Abstract: Aims

Our objective was to explore the distribution patterns of 20 noxious invasive plants in Hainan Island notified by the National Ministry of Agriculture, and their influences on native plants. We also focused on investigating the traits of six most widely spread invasive plants and plant distributions in seven types of terrestrial ecosystems. Three hypotheses were deployed in this study: (1) the ecological effects of plant invasion were related to the characteristics of invaded ecosystems and successional phases of invaded communities; (2) the invasive plants rather affected certain functional groups than the whole communities; (3) and most invasive plant species tended to colonize frequently disturbed ecosystems, while they were usually excluded by intact forest ecosystems.

Methods

The plot survey was conducted to investigate the distributions of the 20 target invasive plants. The appearance frequency of the six most widely spread invasive plants (i.e., Chromolaena odorata, Praxelis clematidea, Mimosa pudica, Wedelia trilobata, Conyza sumatrensis, and Lantana camara) was compared among seven terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., secondary forest, farmland, grassland, abandoned land, plantation, village, and forest edge) to evaluate the invasibility of different ecosystems. The plots invaded by target species were classified, and species richness of native species in these invaded plots was compared using one-way ANOVAS. Relationships between the total coverage of invasive plants and the species richness of native plants were assessed using a linear regression model.

Important findings

(1) A total of 11 noxious invasive plants were found in Hainan Island, accounting for 55% of the target specie. (2) The target invasive species were mostly distributed in the northeastern and southwestern regions of Hainan Island, less in the southeastern region, and least in the central region. (3) An order of the intensity regarding plant invasiveness was expressed as Praxelis clematidea > Chromolaena odorata > Mimosa pudica > Wedelia trilobata > Lantana camara > Conyza sumatrensis. The appearance frequency of Conyza sumatrensis and Lantana camara showed no significant differences among the surveyed ecosystems, while Praxelis clematidea, Mimosa pudica and Wedelia trilobata had obviously higher appearance frequency in plantations and abandoned lands, in farmlands, and in plantations, respectively. (4) Farmlands, plantations and abandoned lands were the most frequently invaded ecosystems; but forest edges and natural secondary forests appeared to be less vulnerable to plant invasion. (5) The appearance frequency of invasive plants was negatively correlated with plant coverage of the community invaded by the target species. The total coverage of invasive plants and the richness of native plant species showed a positive correlation in grasslands when the coverage was within a certain extent, and a negative correlation both in forest edges and abandoned lands, and no obvious correlation in plantations farmlands and village sites.

Key words: distribution, Hainan Island, invasive plants, influence, native plants

LUO Wen-Qi,FU Shao-Huai,YANG Xiao-Bo,CHEN Yu-Kai,ZHOU Wei,YANG Qi,TAO Chu,ZHOU Wen-Song. Distribution patterns of alien invasive plants and their influences on native plants of Hainan Island[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(5): 486-500.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0047

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2015/V39/I5/486

Figures/Tables 8

References 51

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生态系统 Ecosystem	入侵植物物种 Invasive plant species	总数 Total
农田 Farmland	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
弃耕地 Abandoned land	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 微甘菊 Mikania micrantha, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
种植园 Plantation	飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 微甘菊 Mikania micrantha, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	7
林缘 Forest edge	飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	6
村落 Village	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
草地 Grassland	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	7
次生林 Secondary forest	无 None	0

生态系统 Ecosystem	入侵植物物种 Invasive plant species	总数 Total
农田 Farmland	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
弃耕地 Abandoned land	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 微甘菊 Mikania micrantha, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
种植园 Plantation	飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 微甘菊 Mikania micrantha, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	7
林缘 Forest edge	飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	6
村落 Village	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare, 银胶菊 Parthenium hystero, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	10
草地 Grassland	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides, 飞机草 Chromolaena odorata, 苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis, 马缨丹 Lantana camara, 含羞草 Mimosa pudica, 假臭草 Praxelis clematidea, 三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	7
次生林 Secondary forest	无 None	0

入侵植物 Invasive plant species	植物入侵频率 Frequency of plants invasions
入侵植物 Invasive plant species	弃耕地 Abandoned land	种植园 Plantation	村落 Village	林缘 Forest edge	农田 Farmland	草地 Grassland
假臭草 Praxelis clematidea	0.709 ± 0.519^a	0.946 ± 0.472^a	0.485 ± 0.298^b	0.556 ± 0.529^bc	0.790 ± 0.451^bc	0.685 ± 0.218^b
含羞草 Mimosa pudica	0.502 ± 0.407^a	0.331 ± 0.357^a	0.274 ± 0.351^ab	0.204 ± 0.430^a	0.592 ± 0.455^c	0.474 ± 0.250^ab
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata	0.749 ± 0.493^a	0.701 ± 0.465^a	0.628 ± 0.326^a	0.556 ± 0.529^a	0.733 ± 0.459^a	0.771 ± 0.226^a
苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis	0.273 ± 0.431^a	0.339 ± 0.443^a	0.291 ± 0.394^a	0.186 ± 0.347^a	0.355 ± 0.527^a	0.191 ± 0.094^a
假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare	0.118 ± 0.211^a	-	0.112 ± 0.185^a	-	0.051 ± 0.125^a	-
马缨丹 Lantana camara	0.118 ± 0.211^a	0.025 ± 0.092^a	0.112 ± 0.185^a	0.099 ± 0.188^a	0.051 ± 0.125^a	0.092 ± 0.137^a
喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	0.126 ± 0.211^a	0.022 ± 0.115^a	0.032 ± 0.105^a	-	0.091 ± 0.114^a	0.052 ± 0.137^a
三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	0.126 ± 0.391^a	0.226 ± 0.173^b	0.029 ± 0.140^a	0.050 ± 0.169^a	0.179 ± 0.397^a	0.129 ± 0.140^a
银胶菊 Parthenium hysterophorus	0.085 ± 0.121^a	0.015 ± 0.002^a	0.112 ± 0.105^a	-	0.051 ± 0.125^a	0.092 ± 0.037^a
凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes	-	-	0.025 ± 0.140^a	-	0.012 ± 0.021^a	-
微甘菊 Mikania micrantha	0.130 ± 0.125^a	0.085 ± 0.003^a	0.112 ± 0.115^a	-	0.075 ± 0.121^a	-
累计入侵频率 Accumulated frequency of plants invasions	2.936	2.675	2.212	1.601	2.930	2.486

入侵植物 Invasive plant species	植物入侵频率 Frequency of plants invasions
入侵植物 Invasive plant species	弃耕地 Abandoned land	种植园 Plantation	村落 Village	林缘 Forest edge	农田 Farmland	草地 Grassland
假臭草 Praxelis clematidea	0.709 ± 0.519^a	0.946 ± 0.472^a	0.485 ± 0.298^b	0.556 ± 0.529^bc	0.790 ± 0.451^bc	0.685 ± 0.218^b
含羞草 Mimosa pudica	0.502 ± 0.407^a	0.331 ± 0.357^a	0.274 ± 0.351^ab	0.204 ± 0.430^a	0.592 ± 0.455^c	0.474 ± 0.250^ab
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata	0.749 ± 0.493^a	0.701 ± 0.465^a	0.628 ± 0.326^a	0.556 ± 0.529^a	0.733 ± 0.459^a	0.771 ± 0.226^a
苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis	0.273 ± 0.431^a	0.339 ± 0.443^a	0.291 ± 0.394^a	0.186 ± 0.347^a	0.355 ± 0.527^a	0.191 ± 0.094^a
假高粱 Pseudosorghum fasciculare	0.118 ± 0.211^a	-	0.112 ± 0.185^a	-	0.051 ± 0.125^a	-
马缨丹 Lantana camara	0.118 ± 0.211^a	0.025 ± 0.092^a	0.112 ± 0.185^a	0.099 ± 0.188^a	0.051 ± 0.125^a	0.092 ± 0.137^a
喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	0.126 ± 0.211^a	0.022 ± 0.115^a	0.032 ± 0.105^a	-	0.091 ± 0.114^a	0.052 ± 0.137^a
三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	0.126 ± 0.391^a	0.226 ± 0.173^b	0.029 ± 0.140^a	0.050 ± 0.169^a	0.179 ± 0.397^a	0.129 ± 0.140^a
银胶菊 Parthenium hysterophorus	0.085 ± 0.121^a	0.015 ± 0.002^a	0.112 ± 0.105^a	-	0.051 ± 0.125^a	0.092 ± 0.037^a
凤眼蓝 Eichhornia crassipes	-	-	0.025 ± 0.140^a	-	0.012 ± 0.021^a	-
微甘菊 Mikania micrantha	0.130 ± 0.125^a	0.085 ± 0.003^a	0.112 ± 0.115^a	-	0.075 ± 0.121^a	-
累计入侵频率 Accumulated frequency of plants invasions	2.936	2.675	2.212	1.601	2.930	2.486

入侵种 Invasive plants species	盖度等级 Coverage grade	占入侵样方比例 Ratio of the invaded plot	入侵植物盖度等级与入侵频率的相关性 Relationship between frequency of plant invasions and degree of community coverage
入侵种 Invasive plants species	盖度等级 Coverage grade	占入侵样方比例 Ratio of the invaded plot	草地 Grassland	林缘 Forest edge	弃耕地 Abandoned land	村落 Village	农田 Farmland	种植园 Plantation
飞机草 Chromolaena odorata	1%-20%	66%	-0.792^*	-0.912^**	-0.783^*	-0.725^*	-0.860^**	-0.596
	21%-40%	21%
	41%-60%	9%
	≥61%	5%
含羞草 Mimosa pudica	1%-20%	80%	-0.780^*	-0.661^*	-0.629	-0.710^*	0.682^*	-0.564
	21%-40%	7%
	41%-60%	13%
	≥61%	-
假臭草 Praxelis clematidea	1%-20%	66%	-0.788^*	-0.739^*	0.139^*	-0.621	-0.702^*	-0.893
	21%-40%	19%
	41%-60%	5%
	≥61%	10%
苏门白酒草 Conyza sumatrensis	1%-20%	91%	-0.484	-0.688	-0.729	0.661	-0.600	0.688
	21%-40%	9%
	41%-60%	-
	≥61%	-
马缨丹 Lantana camara	1%-20%	60%	-0.600	-0.899	-0.612^**	-0.544^*	-0.563	-0.672
	21%-40%	24%
	41%-60%	11%
	≥61%	5%
三裂叶蟛蜞菊 Wedelia trilobata	1%-20%	36%	-0.600^*	0.403	0.231	0.243	0.356	0.900^**
	21%-40%	7%
	41%-60%	7%
	≥61%	50%