植物近期光合碳分配及转化

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳 (C) 既是生命基础元素,又是与大气环境及全球气候变化密切相关的基本成分。近期 (系指数星期的时间尺度,约相当于植物某一生长期) 光合C是“大气-植物-土壤”系统C循环的重要组成部分;定量近期光合C在植物组织、土壤和呼吸损失的分配,对于理解全球C循环是必不可少的。植物近期光合C分结构性C和代谢C;由于代谢C周转快和结构性C尚未及时形成有机质等,近期光合C容易被忽视。应用同位素技术,可从多方面研究植物近期光合C分配及转化特征。这些方面主要包括根际区光合C代谢、近期光合C对CO₂ 和CH₄排放的贡献、C₃植物与C₄ 植物对全球C循环模式的作用、人类活动对近期光合C分配的影响等。我国鲜见植物近期光合C分配及转化的研究,开展此方面的工作,对我国从生命代谢角度研究C循环具有积极的推动作用。

关键词: 近期光合碳, CO₂和CH₄, 根际, C₃、C₄植物, 同位素技术

Abstract:

Recently photosynthesized carbon (C) constitutes an important portion of C cycling in plant systems. The quantification of the partitioning of recently photosynthesized C to plant tissues, soils and respirations is essential for understanding the global C cycle. The cycle of recently photosynthesized C is difficult to study due to the rapid turnover of recently metabolized C and that stable organic C compounds are not immediately synthesized. Carbon isotope techniques can be used to study the allocation and turnover of recently photosynthesized C. The following research topics should be addressed in future studies. 1) The fraction of recently photosynthesized C used in respiration of living roots, rhizosphere, and soil organic matter, and photosynthate turnover in the rhizosphere needs to be quantified. 2) The amount of recently photosynthesized C that is lost to atmospheric fluxes of CO₂ and CH₄ should be quantified. 3) Because of significant difference in the physiologies C₃ and C₄ plants, global climate change will produce profound effects on the distribution and productivities of C₃ and C₄ species and further influence the global C cycle pattern. We believe that studies on differences in C allocation and turnover in C₃ and C₄ species are very valuable. 4) The effects of human activities, such as livestock farming and land use, on the cycle patterns of recently photosynthesized C. In order to further understand C partitioning patterns, it is vital that more ecosystem level studies of C cycling are conducted. Little information in photosynthesized C fluxes in China's grasslands is available and this region should be a research priority.

Key words: Recently photosynthesized C, Greenhouse gases (CO₂,CH₄), Rhizosphere, C₃ and C₄ species, Carbon isotope techniques

王智平, 陈全胜. 植物近期光合碳分配及转化. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(5): 845-850. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0112

WANG Zhi-Ping, CHEN Quan-Sheng. RECENTLY PHOTOSYNTHESIZED CARBON ALLOCATION AND TURNOVER: A MINOR REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(5): 845-850. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0112

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