陕西省森林生态系统碳储量分布格局分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0032

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 333-342.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0032

所属专题：碳储量

陕西省森林生态系统碳储量分布格局分析

崔高阳¹, 陈云明^2,^3,^*(), 曹扬^2,³, 安淳淳¹

¹中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 陕西杨凌 712100
²西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
³中国科学院水利部水土保护研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2014-12-29 接受日期:2015-03-17 出版日期:2015-04-01 发布日期:2015-04-21
通讯作者: 陈云明
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41201088和41371506)、中国科学院“西部之光”和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050203-05)

Analysis on carbon stock distribution patterns of forest ecosystems in Shaanxi Province

CUI Gao-Yang¹, CHEN Yun-Ming^2,^3,^*(), CAO Yang^2,³, AN Chun-Chun¹

¹Research Center of Institute of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
²State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
³Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Received:2014-12-29 Accepted:2015-03-17 Online:2015-04-01 Published:2015-04-21
Contact: Yun-Ming CHEN
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明晰陕西省森林生态系统碳储量分布格局, 基于2009年森林资源清查资料和2011年调查所得样地实测数据, 对陕西省森林生态系统碳储量、碳密度及其空间分布特征进行了研究分析。结果表明: 陕西省森林生态系统总碳储量为790.75 Tg, 土壤层、植被层和枯落物层碳储量分别占总碳储量的72.14%、26.52%和1.34%; 其中, 栎类碳储量在各森林类型中所占比重最大(44.17%), 中、幼龄林是陕西省森林生态系统碳储量的主要贡献者, 约占总碳储量的49%。陕西省森林生态系统平均碳密度为123.70 t·hm^-2, 土壤层最大, 枯落物层最小, 植被层居中; 碳密度均随龄级增加而升高, 同一龄级表现为天然林高于人工林生态系统。此外, 陕西省森林生态系统碳储量、碳密度分布格局不尽一致, 反映了森林覆盖面积及森林质量对碳储量的影响。未来应加强林地抚育管理水平, 增加造林再造林面积以增加碳储存, 应对全球气候变化。

关键词: 碳储量, 森林生态系统, 龄级, 栎类, 碳汇潜力

Abstract: Aims

The objective of this study was to understand the distribution patterns of carbon stock in forest ecosystems in Shaanxi Province following the implementation of the ecological restoration project―the Grain for Green―in the 90’s of 20th century for combating the severe soil erosion and other environment problems.

Methods

Based on forest resources inventory data and field measurements, we estimated carbon storage of tree, shrub, herb, litter, and soil layer within each forest ecosystem of Shaanxi Province.

Important findings

Forest ecosystems in Shaanxi Province stored a total of 790.75 Tg C, and the proportion occupied by soil, vegetation and litter carbon were 72.14%, 26.52% and 1.34%, respectively. Carbon storage within Quercus spp. was the highest (44.17%) among all forest types. Given the large proportion of the areas occupied, the young and middle-aged forests accounted for almost half of the total carbon stores in forest ecosystems. The average carbon density of forest ecosystem was 123.70 t·hm^-2. Similar to the patterns among carbon pools, carbon density was also highest in soil, lowest in litter, and medium in vegetation for each forest type. Carbon density increased with stand age for natural and planted forest ecosystems, and was higher in the natural forest ecosystems than in the planted forests within the same stand ages. Differences in the spatial patterns between carbon stores and density indicate that carbon storage is related not only to forest quality, but also to forest areas. Therefore we could select tree species with high carbon concentration for reforestation and afforestation, and improve forest management practices to increase carbon sequestration potential, which would be beneficial to mitigation of global climate change.

Key words: carbon stores, forest ecosystem, age class, Quercus spp., sequestration potential

崔高阳, 陈云明, 曹扬, 安淳淳. 陕西省森林生态系统碳储量分布格局分析. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(4): 333-342. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0032

CUI Gao-Yang,CHEN Yun-Ming,CAO Yang,AN Chun-Chun. Analysis on carbon stock distribution patterns of forest ecosystems in Shaanxi Province. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(4): 333-342. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0032

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图/表 6

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森林类型 Forest type	生物量-蓄积量转换方程 Biomass-volume conversion formula	n	R²	参考文献 Reference
冷云杉 Abies fabri and Picea asperata	B = 0.4642V + 47.499	13	0.98	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis	B = 0.4158V + 41.3318	21	0.88	Liu et al., 2000; Fang et al., 2001
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	B = 0.967V + 5.7598	8	0.98	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	B = 0.7554V + 5.0928	82	0.96	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
华山松 Pinus armandii	B = 0.5856V + 18.7435	9	0.90	Liu et al., 2000; Fang et al., 2001
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	B = 0.52V	12	0.92	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
其他松类 Other pines and conifer forests	B = 0.5168V + 33.2378	16	0.94	Fang et al., 1998, 2001
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	B = 0.3999V + 22.541	56	0.95	Fang et al., 2001
柏木 Cupressus funebris	B =0.6129V + 26.1451	11	0.96	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
栎类 Quercus spp.	B = 1.3288V - 3.8999	3	1.00	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
桦木 Betula spp.	B = 0.9644V + 0.8485	4	0.95	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
硬阔类 Hardwood	B = 0.7564V + 8.3103	11	0.97	Fang et al., 1998
杨树 Populus spp.	B = 0.4754V + 30.6034	10	0.86	Fang et al., 2001
软阔类 Softwood	B = 1.0357V + 8.0591	21	0.83	Fang et al., 2001
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaf forest	B = 0.6255V + 91.0013	19	0.86	Fang et al., 1998
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaf forest	B = 0.8019V + 12.2799	9	0.99	Fang et al., 2001

森林类型 Forest type	生物量-蓄积量转换方程 Biomass-volume conversion formula	n	R²	参考文献 Reference
冷云杉 Abies fabri and Picea asperata	B = 0.4642V + 47.499	13	0.98	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis	B = 0.4158V + 41.3318	21	0.88	Liu et al., 2000; Fang et al., 2001
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	B = 0.967V + 5.7598	8	0.98	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	B = 0.7554V + 5.0928	82	0.96	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
华山松 Pinus armandii	B = 0.5856V + 18.7435	9	0.90	Liu et al., 2000; Fang et al., 2001
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	B = 0.52V	12	0.92	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
其他松类 Other pines and conifer forests	B = 0.5168V + 33.2378	16	0.94	Fang et al., 1998, 2001
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	B = 0.3999V + 22.541	56	0.95	Fang et al., 2001
柏木 Cupressus funebris	B =0.6129V + 26.1451	11	0.96	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
栎类 Quercus spp.	B = 1.3288V - 3.8999	3	1.00	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
桦木 Betula spp.	B = 0.9644V + 0.8485	4	0.95	Fang et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000
硬阔类 Hardwood	B = 0.7564V + 8.3103	11	0.97	Fang et al., 1998
杨树 Populus spp.	B = 0.4754V + 30.6034	10	0.86	Fang et al., 2001
软阔类 Softwood	B = 1.0357V + 8.0591	21	0.83	Fang et al., 2001
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaf forest	B = 0.6255V + 91.0013	19	0.86	Fang et al., 1998
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaf forest	B = 0.8019V + 12.2799	9	0.99	Fang et al., 2001

森林类型 Forest type	面积 Area (100 hm²)	碳密度Carbon density (t·hm^-2)						生态系统总碳储量(Tg) Total forest ecosystem carbon stores
森林类型 Forest type	面积 Area (100 hm²)	乔木层 Tree layer	灌木层 Shrub layer	草本层 Herb layer	枯落物层 Litter layer	土壤层 Soil layer	森林生态系统 Forest ecosystem	生态系统总碳储量(Tg) Total forest ecosystem carbon stores
冷云杉 Abies fabri and Picea asperata	448	59.27	1.72	0.62	3.00	96.18	160.78	7.20
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis	192	63.49	1.84	0.66	3.21	96.87	166.07	3.19
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	128	41.34	0.46	0.43	1.35	92.75	136.33	1.75
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	5 533	20.47	0.52	0.25	1.88	85.49	108.61	60.09
华山松 Pinus armandii	1 215	29.60	1.14	0.29	1.84	89.39	122.26	14.85
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	1 471	13.59	0.53	0.12	1.00	81.55	96.80	14.24
其他松类 Other pines and conifer forests	96	23.83	0.32	0.05	0.46	87.16	111.81	1.07
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	1 024	21.41	0.62	0.22	1.08	85.98	109.32	11.19
柏木 Cupressus funebris	1 536	19.67	0.30	0.42	1.33	84.98	106.70	16.39
栎类 Quercus spp.	26 420	37.52	1.00	0.28	1.84	91.58	132.22	349.32
桦木 Betula spp.	2 208	45.14	1.83	0.87	3.03	93.34	144.20	31.84
硬阔类 Hardwood	14 483	23.28	0.80	0.72	1.41	86.59	112.81	163.38
杨树 Populus spp.	2 587	27.57	1.38	0.44	0.79	88.41	118.59	30.68
软阔类 Softwood	5 658	32.21	0.95	1.02	1.06	89.31	124.55	70.47
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaf forest	671	69.12	2.20	0.81	3.28	97.67	173.08	11.61
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaf forest	256	39.73	1.01	0.30	2.02	92.22	135.29	3.46
加权平均值 Weighted average		31.38	0.94	0.48	1.66	89.24	123.70
总计 Total (Tg)	63 926	200.59 (25.36%)	6.00 (0.76%)	3.06 (0.38%)	10.60 (1.35%)	570.49 (72.15%)		790.75 (100%)

森林类型 Forest type	面积 Area (100 hm²)	碳密度Carbon density (t·hm^-2)						生态系统总碳储量(Tg) Total forest ecosystem carbon stores
森林类型 Forest type	面积 Area (100 hm²)	乔木层 Tree layer	灌木层 Shrub layer	草本层 Herb layer	枯落物层 Litter layer	土壤层 Soil layer	森林生态系统 Forest ecosystem	生态系统总碳储量(Tg) Total forest ecosystem carbon stores
冷云杉 Abies fabri and Picea asperata	448	59.27	1.72	0.62	3.00	96.18	160.78	7.20
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis	192	63.49	1.84	0.66	3.21	96.87	166.07	3.19
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	128	41.34	0.46	0.43	1.35	92.75	136.33	1.75
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	5 533	20.47	0.52	0.25	1.88	85.49	108.61	60.09
华山松 Pinus armandii	1 215	29.60	1.14	0.29	1.84	89.39	122.26	14.85
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	1 471	13.59	0.53	0.12	1.00	81.55	96.80	14.24
其他松类 Other pines and conifer forests	96	23.83	0.32	0.05	0.46	87.16	111.81	1.07
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	1 024	21.41	0.62	0.22	1.08	85.98	109.32	11.19
柏木 Cupressus funebris	1 536	19.67	0.30	0.42	1.33	84.98	106.70	16.39
栎类 Quercus spp.	26 420	37.52	1.00	0.28	1.84	91.58	132.22	349.32
桦木 Betula spp.	2 208	45.14	1.83	0.87	3.03	93.34	144.20	31.84
硬阔类 Hardwood	14 483	23.28	0.80	0.72	1.41	86.59	112.81	163.38
杨树 Populus spp.	2 587	27.57	1.38	0.44	0.79	88.41	118.59	30.68
软阔类 Softwood	5 658	32.21	0.95	1.02	1.06	89.31	124.55	70.47
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaf forest	671	69.12	2.20	0.81	3.28	97.67	173.08	11.61
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaf forest	256	39.73	1.01	0.30	2.02	92.22	135.29	3.46
加权平均值 Weighted average		31.38	0.94	0.48	1.66	89.24	123.70
总计 Total (Tg)	63 926	200.59 (25.36%)	6.00 (0.76%)	3.06 (0.38%)	10.60 (1.35%)	570.49 (72.15%)		790.75 (100%)

森林类型 Forest type	幼龄林 Young forest		中龄林 Middle-aged forest		近熟林 Near-mature forest		成熟林 Mature forest		过熟林 Over-mature forest
森林类型 Forest type	碳密度 C density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 C stores (Tg)	碳密度 C density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 C stores (Tg)	碳密度 C density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 C stores (Tg)	碳密度 C density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 C stores (Tg)	碳密度 C density (t·hm^-2)	碳储量 C stores (Tg)
冷云杉 Abies fabri and Picea asperata			128.85	0.41			150.38	1.92	189.48	3.64
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis			170.79	2.19	163.97	0.52			148.98	0.48
落叶松 Larix gmelinii							188.17	0.60
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	83.06	4.51	106.75	16.04	135.13	6.05	142.66	5.48	162.70	2.60
华山松 Pinus armandii	100.26	0.32	126.62	6.47	121.06	1.55	137.27	1.76
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	87.93	1.69	100.68	6.44
其他松类 Other pines and conifer forests					116.81	0.37	116.77	0.37
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	97.53	0.62	115.60	1.48	108.98	2.09			136.78	0.88
柏木 Cupressus funebris	102.92	3.29	108.84	3.13	116.87	2.62	117.52	3.01
栎类 Quercus spp.	91.06	73.67	129.90	72.73	157.16	64.85	161.54	66.15	156.66	61.13
桦木 Betula spp.	90.50	2.61	133.81	6.42	136.42	6.11	145.59	5.12	176.42	11.29
硬阔类 Hardwood	96.29	14.79	118.78	38.36	126.63	19.83	135.45	33.78	137.55	14.50
杨树 Populus spp.	105.15	1.68	112.17	4.30	117.79	4.52	131.30	3.36	137.38	5.26
软阔类 Softwood	88.06	6.19	110.59	15.17	132.96	20.83	157.64	12.61	168.39	7.00
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaf forest	147.07	1.88	171.48	3.82	174.80	2.80	175.70	1.12	205.50	1.97
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaf forest	92.96	0.30	99.33	0.32			157.20	2.52
总计 Total	92.29^*	111.56	121.86^*	177.30	141.99^*	132.15	150.11^*	137.81	156.72^*	108.75

陕西省森林生态系统碳储量分布格局分析

Analysis on carbon stock distribution patterns of forest ecosystems in Shaanxi Province

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