吉林省森林植被固碳现状与速率

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0192

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对吉林省森林植被的普遍调查、典型调查以及植被样品含碳率测定, 结合吉林省2009年和2014年森林清查数据, 估算了区域森林植被的碳储量、碳密度及固碳速率。研究结果表明: 林下植被的生物量在不同林分和同类林分中存在较大的差异, 整体不足乔木层生物量的3%, 灌木植物的生物量略高于草本植物和幼树。不同林分类型的乔木含碳率介于45.80%-52.97%之间, 整体表现为针叶林高于阔叶林; 灌木和草本植物分别为39.79%-47.25%和40%左右。吉林省森林植被碳转换系数以0.47或0.48更为准确, 若以0.50或0.45作为植被的碳转换系数计算碳储量, 会造成±5.26%的偏差。吉林省森林植被不仅维持着较高的碳库水平, 而且极具碳汇能力; 2009年和2014年碳储量分别为471.29 Tg C和505.76 Tg C, 累计碳增量34.47 Tg C, 平均每年碳增量6.89 Tg C·a^-1; 碳密度由64.58 t·hm^-2增至66.68 t·hm^-2, 平均增加2.10 t·hm^-2, 固碳速率0.92 t·hm^-2·a^-1。森林植被碳储量的增长主体是蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)林和阔叶混交林, 合计碳增量占总体的90.34%。受植被发育引起的生物量增长、林分龄组晋级以及森林经营所引起的面积变化影响, 各龄组植被碳增量为幼龄林>过熟林>近熟林>中龄林, 成熟林表现为负增长; 固碳速率为过熟林>幼龄林>近熟林>中龄林>成熟林。森林植被碳储量和碳密度的市/区分布整体表现为自东向西明显的降低变化; 碳增量以东北和中东部地区较高, 西部地区较低; 固碳速率整体以南部的通化地区和白山地区相对较高, 中部的吉林地区和东部的延边地区次之, 西部的白城地区、松原地区等地呈负增长。

关键词: 森林植被, 林下植被, 含碳率, 碳储量, 碳密度, 固碳速率, 分布格局

Abstract:

Aims
Forests represent the most important component of the terrestrial biological carbon pool and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. The regional scale estimation of carbon budgets of forest ecosystems, however, have high uncertainties because of the different data sources, estimation methods and so on. Our objective was to accurately estimate the carbon storage, density and sequestration rate in forest vegetation in Jilin Province of China, in order to understand the role of the carbon sink and to better manage forest ecosystems.
Methods
Vegetation survey data were used to determine forest distribution, size of area and vegetation types regionally. In our study, 561 plots were investigated to build volume-biomass models; 288 plots of shrubs and herbs were harvested to calculate the biomass of understory vegetation, and samples of trees, shrubs and herbs were collected to analyze carbon content. Carbon storage, density and sequestration rate were estimated by two forest inventory data (2009 and 2014), combined with volume-biomass models, the average biomass of understory vegetation and carbon content of vegetation. Finally, the distribution patterns of carbon pools were presented using ArcGIS soft ware.
Important findings
Understory vegetation biomass overall was less than 3% of the tree layer biomass, varying greatly among different forest types and even among the similar types. The carbon content of trees was between 45.80%-52.97%, and that of the coniferous forests was higher than that of the broadleaf forests. The carbon content of shrub and herb layers was about 39.79%-47.25% and 40%, respectively. Therefore, the vegetation carbon conversion coefficient was 0.47 or 0.48 in Jilin Province, and the conventional use of 0.50 or 0.45 would cause deviation of ±5.26%. The vegetation carbon pool of Jilin Province was at the upper range of regional carbon pool and had higher capacity of carbon sequestration. The value in 2009 and 2014 was 471.29 Tg C and 505.76 Tg C, respectively, and the total increase was 34.47 Tg C with average annual growth of 6.89 Tg C·a^-1. The corresponding carbon sequestration rate was 0.92 t·hm^-2·a^-1. The carbon density rose from 64.58 t·hm^-2 in 2009 to 66.68 t·hm^-2 in 2014, with an average increase of 2.10 t·hm^-2. In addition, the carbon storage of the Quercus mongolica forests and broadleaved mixed forests, accounted for 90.34% of that of all forests. The carbon increment followed the order of young > over-mature > near mature > middle-aged > mature forests. The carbon sequestration rate of followed the order of over-mature > young > near mature > middle-aged > mature forests. Both the carbon increment and the carbon sequestration rate of mature forests were negative. Furthermore, spatially the carbon storage and density were higher in the east than in the west of Jilin province, while the carbon increment was higher in northeast and middle east than in the west. The carbon sequestration rate was higher in Tonghua and Baishan in the south, followed by Jinlin in the middle and Yanbian in the east, while Baicheng and Songyuan, etc. in west showed negative values.

Key words: forest vegetation, understory vegetation, carbon content, carbon storage, carbon density, carbon sequestration rate, distribution pattern

范春楠, 韩士杰, 郭忠玲, 郑金萍, 程岩. 吉林省森林植被固碳现状与速率. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(4): 341-353. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0192

Chun-Nan FAN, Shi-Jie HAN, Zhong-Ling GUO, Jin-Ping ZHENG, Yan CHENG. Present status and rate of carbon sequestration of forest vegetation in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(4): 341-353. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0192

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I4/341

图/表 7

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林分类型 Forest type	林下植被生物量 Biomass of understory vegetation (t·hm^-2)				植被含碳率 Carbon content of vegetation (%)
林分类型 Forest type	幼树 Young tree	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb	合计 Total	乔木 Tree	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	1.07 (56.57)	0.28 (10.71)	0.63 (34.92)	1.98 (1.27)	48.22 (0.70)	43.58 (4.92)	40.76 (5.86)
山杨林 Populus davidiana forest	0.52 (17.38)	0.47 (17.02)	1.34 (35.07)	2.33 (1.24)	48.45 (0.55)	47.25 (1.13)	42.16 (2.88)
胡桃楸林 Juglans mandshurica forest	0.66 (81.86)	0.42 (7.14)	0.22 (22.73)	1.30 (1.31)	45.80 (0.74)	42.58 (7.96)	39.24 (5.52)
椴树林 Tilia forest	0.31 (74.19)	0.53 (20.75)	0.99 (7.07)	1.83 (1.38)	46.77 (0.31)	45.76 (5.44)	41.51 (6.44)
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	0.47 (111.79)	2.36 (32.63)	0.68 (22.06)	3.51 (3.31)	48.46 (0.41)	43.69 (4.35)	37.24 (5.34)
杂木林 Undesirable tree forest	0.25 (18.56)	1.61 (22.36)	0.70 (35.71)	2.56 (2.87)	46.36 (0.43)	39.79 (7.74)	42.66 (4.52)
阔叶混交林 Broadleaf mixed forest	0.72 (83.30)	2.26 (22.57)	0.86 (12.79)	3.84 (2.59)	47.60 (2.43)	43.02 (8.48)	37.80 (6.88)
针阔混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest	0.99 (74.17)	2.20 (15.00)	1.26 (17.46)	4.45 (2.22)	49.51 (1.85)	45.44 (6.00)	40.68 (7.30)
针叶混交林 Needle mixed forest	0.96 (111.88)	0.47 (17.02)	0.80 (13.75)	2.23 (1.29)	51.08 (1.08)	45.67 (3.32)	42.62 (2.53)
黄花落叶松林 Larix olgensis forest	0.47 (55.42)	0.33 (24.24)	0.27 (48.15)	1.07 (0.63)	50.92 (0.62)	45.73 (4.25)	39.69 (5.04)
人工黄花落叶松林 Larix olgensis plantation	0.90 (139.25)	1.56 (33.97)	0.23 (21.74)	2.69 (2.57)	50.82 (0.62)	45.21 (4.17)	41.49 (5.50)
人工红松林 Pinus koraiensis plantation	0.22 (54.34)	0.31 (19.35)	0.56 (21.43)	1.09 (0.91)	52.97 (0.43)	44.36 (3.89)	36.15 (5.43)
人工樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation	0.77 (114.19)	1.17 (31.62)	0.38 (49.63)	2.32 (2.95)	50.77 (0.80)	41.82 (1.57)	35.96 (11.40)
人工杨树林 Populus plantation	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.04 (2.81)	0.04 (0.05)	47.61 (0.41)	0.00 (0.00)	42.20 (4.14)

林分类型 Forest type	林下植被生物量 Biomass of understory vegetation (t·hm^-2)				植被含碳率 Carbon content of vegetation (%)
林分类型 Forest type	幼树 Young tree	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb	合计 Total	乔木 Tree	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	1.07 (56.57)	0.28 (10.71)	0.63 (34.92)	1.98 (1.27)	48.22 (0.70)	43.58 (4.92)	40.76 (5.86)
山杨林 Populus davidiana forest	0.52 (17.38)	0.47 (17.02)	1.34 (35.07)	2.33 (1.24)	48.45 (0.55)	47.25 (1.13)	42.16 (2.88)
胡桃楸林 Juglans mandshurica forest	0.66 (81.86)	0.42 (7.14)	0.22 (22.73)	1.30 (1.31)	45.80 (0.74)	42.58 (7.96)	39.24 (5.52)
椴树林 Tilia forest	0.31 (74.19)	0.53 (20.75)	0.99 (7.07)	1.83 (1.38)	46.77 (0.31)	45.76 (5.44)	41.51 (6.44)
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	0.47 (111.79)	2.36 (32.63)	0.68 (22.06)	3.51 (3.31)	48.46 (0.41)	43.69 (4.35)	37.24 (5.34)
杂木林 Undesirable tree forest	0.25 (18.56)	1.61 (22.36)	0.70 (35.71)	2.56 (2.87)	46.36 (0.43)	39.79 (7.74)	42.66 (4.52)
阔叶混交林 Broadleaf mixed forest	0.72 (83.30)	2.26 (22.57)	0.86 (12.79)	3.84 (2.59)	47.60 (2.43)	43.02 (8.48)	37.80 (6.88)
针阔混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest	0.99 (74.17)	2.20 (15.00)	1.26 (17.46)	4.45 (2.22)	49.51 (1.85)	45.44 (6.00)	40.68 (7.30)
针叶混交林 Needle mixed forest	0.96 (111.88)	0.47 (17.02)	0.80 (13.75)	2.23 (1.29)	51.08 (1.08)	45.67 (3.32)	42.62 (2.53)
黄花落叶松林 Larix olgensis forest	0.47 (55.42)	0.33 (24.24)	0.27 (48.15)	1.07 (0.63)	50.92 (0.62)	45.73 (4.25)	39.69 (5.04)
人工黄花落叶松林 Larix olgensis plantation	0.90 (139.25)	1.56 (33.97)	0.23 (21.74)	2.69 (2.57)	50.82 (0.62)	45.21 (4.17)	41.49 (5.50)
人工红松林 Pinus koraiensis plantation	0.22 (54.34)	0.31 (19.35)	0.56 (21.43)	1.09 (0.91)	52.97 (0.43)	44.36 (3.89)	36.15 (5.43)
人工樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation	0.77 (114.19)	1.17 (31.62)	0.38 (49.63)	2.32 (2.95)	50.77 (0.80)	41.82 (1.57)	35.96 (11.40)
人工杨树林 Populus plantation	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.04 (2.81)	0.04 (0.05)	47.61 (0.41)	0.00 (0.00)	42.20 (4.14)

林分类型 Forest type	面积 Area (× 10⁴hm²)		碳储量 Carbon storage (Tg C)			碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)			固碳速率 Carbon sequestration rate (t·hm^-2·a^-1)
林分类型 Forest type	2009	2014	2009	2014	变化 Change	2009	2014	变化 Change	固碳速率 Carbon sequestration rate (t·hm^-2·a^-1)
阔叶混交林 Broadleaf mixed forest	351.22	353.56	240.65	254.34	13.69	68.52	71.93	3.41	0.75
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	99.80	100.44	61.07	78.52	17.45	61.19	78.15	16.96	3.48
针阔混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest	76.34	83.38	65.86	65.97	0.11	86.26	79.07	-7.19	0.03
黄花落叶松林 Larix olgensis forest	56.94	57.58	24.97	23.52	-1.45	43.85	40.81	-3.04	-0.51
杨树林 Populus forest	47.98	52.03	16.41	18.31	1.90	34.21	35.15	0.94	0.75
针叶混交林 Needle mixed forest	24.95	24.95	23.76	21.16	-2.60	95.23	84.79	-10.44	-2.08
杂木林 Undesirable tree forest	15.78	22.18	4.09	6.64	2.55	25.86	29.95	4.09	2.60
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	12.79	11.52	5.72	3.68	-2.04	47.38	34.57	-12.81	-3.39
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	11.94	11.30	6.11	6.07	-0.04	51.12	53.71	2.59	-0.07
胡桃楸林 Juglans mandshurica forest	7.89	13.01	3.50	6.81	3.31	44.47	52.37	7.90	6.04
椴树林 Tilia forest	5.97	8.10	4.73	6.98	2.25	79.23	86.17	6.94	6.21
榆树林 Ulmus forest	5.33	3.63	2.10	1.55	-0.55	39.26	42.86	3.60	-2.55
云杉林 Picea forest	4.48	5.12	5.48	3.85	-1.63	122.28	75.30	-46.98	-6.70
红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest	4.05	6.40	3.90	4.77	0.87	96.14	74.49	-21.65	3.19
硕桦林 Betula costata forest	1.92	2.77	1.57	2.01	0.44	81.27	72.64	-8.63	3.62
水曲柳林 Fraxinus mandshurica forest	1.49	1.07	0.60	0.67	0.07	40.27	62.43	22.16	1.13
臭冷杉林 Abies nephrolepis forest	0.85	1.07	0.78	0.90	0.12	91.30	84.17	-7.13	2.44
黄檗林 Phellodendron amurense forest	0.00	0.21	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	4.51	4.51	1.59
总计 Total	729.73	758.09	471.29	505.76	34.47	64.58	66.68	2.10	0.92

林分类型 Forest type	面积 Area (× 10⁴hm²)		碳储量 Carbon storage (Tg C)			碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)			固碳速率 Carbon sequestration rate (t·hm^-2·a^-1)
林分类型 Forest type	2009	2014	2009	2014	变化 Change	2009	2014	变化 Change	固碳速率 Carbon sequestration rate (t·hm^-2·a^-1)
阔叶混交林 Broadleaf mixed forest	351.22	353.56	240.65	254.34	13.69	68.52	71.93	3.41	0.75
蒙古栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	99.80	100.44	61.07	78.52	17.45	61.19	78.15	16.96	3.48
针阔混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest	76.34	83.38	65.86	65.97	0.11	86.26	79.07	-7.19	0.03
黄花落叶松林 Larix olgensis forest	56.94	57.58	24.97	23.52	-1.45	43.85	40.81	-3.04	-0.51
杨树林 Populus forest	47.98	52.03	16.41	18.31	1.90	34.21	35.15	0.94	0.75
针叶混交林 Needle mixed forest	24.95	24.95	23.76	21.16	-2.60	95.23	84.79	-10.44	-2.08
杂木林 Undesirable tree forest	15.78	22.18	4.09	6.64	2.55	25.86	29.95	4.09	2.60
樟子松林 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest	12.79	11.52	5.72	3.68	-2.04	47.38	34.57	-12.81	-3.39
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	11.94	11.30	6.11	6.07	-0.04	51.12	53.71	2.59	-0.07
胡桃楸林 Juglans mandshurica forest	7.89	13.01	3.50	6.81	3.31	44.47	52.37	7.90	6.04
椴树林 Tilia forest	5.97	8.10	4.73	6.98	2.25	79.23	86.17	6.94	6.21
榆树林 Ulmus forest	5.33	3.63	2.10	1.55	-0.55	39.26	42.86	3.60	-2.55
云杉林 Picea forest	4.48	5.12	5.48	3.85	-1.63	122.28	75.30	-46.98	-6.70
红松林 Pinus koraiensis forest	4.05	6.40	3.90	4.77	0.87	96.14	74.49	-21.65	3.19
硕桦林 Betula costata forest	1.92	2.77	1.57	2.01	0.44	81.27	72.64	-8.63	3.62
水曲柳林 Fraxinus mandshurica forest	1.49	1.07	0.60	0.67	0.07	40.27	62.43	22.16	1.13
臭冷杉林 Abies nephrolepis forest	0.85	1.07	0.78	0.90	0.12	91.30	84.17	-7.13	2.44
黄檗林 Phellodendron amurense forest	0.00	0.21	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	4.51	4.51	1.59
总计 Total	729.73	758.09	471.29	505.76	34.47	64.58	66.68	2.10	0.92

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