植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 304-317.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0017
所属专题: 碳储量
关晋宏1,2, 杜盛1,3,*(), 程积民1,3, 吴春荣4, 李国庆1,3, 邓磊2, 张建国3, 何秋月2, 时伟宇5
收稿日期:
2016-01-12
接受日期:
2016-03-30
出版日期:
2016-04-29
发布日期:
2016-04-30
通讯作者:
杜盛
基金资助:
Jin-Hong GUAN1,2, Sheng DU1,3,*(), Ji-Min CHENG1,3, Chun-Rong WU4, Guo-Qing LI1,3, Lei DENG2, Jian-Guo ZHANG3, Qiu-Yue HE2, Wei-Yu SHI5
Received:
2016-01-12
Accepted:
2016-03-30
Online:
2016-04-29
Published:
2016-04-30
Contact:
Sheng DU
摘要:
针对森林碳平衡再评估的重要性和区域尺度森林生态系统碳库量化分配的不确定性, 该研究依据全国森林资源连续清查结果中甘肃省各森林类型分布的面积与蓄积比重以及林龄和起源等要素, 在甘肃省布设212个样地, 经野外调查与采样、室内分析, 并对典型样地信息按照面积权重进行尺度扩展, 估算了甘肃省森林生态系统碳储量及其分布特征。结果表明: 甘肃省森林生态系统总碳储量为612.43 Tg C, 其中植被生物量碳为179.04 Tg C, 土壤碳为433.39 Tg C。天然林是甘肃省碳储量的主要贡献者, 其值为501.42 Tg C, 是人工林的4.52倍。天然林和人工林的植被碳密度均表现为随林龄的增加而增加的趋势, 同一龄组天然林植被碳密度高于人工林。天然林土壤碳密度从幼龄林到过熟林逐渐增加, 但人工林土壤碳密度最大值主要为近熟林。全省森林植被碳密度均值为72.43 Mg C·hm-2, 天然林和人工林分别为90.52和33.79 Mg C·hm-2。基于森林清查资料和标准样地实测数据, 估算出全省天然林和人工林在1996年的植被碳储量为132.47和12.81 Tg C, 2011年分别为152.41和26.63 Tg C, 平均固碳速率分别为1.33和0.92 Tg C·a-1。甘肃省幼、中龄林面积比重较大, 占全省的62.28%, 根据碳密度随林龄的动态变化特征, 预测这些低龄林将发挥巨大的碳汇潜力。
关晋宏, 杜盛, 程积民, 吴春荣, 李国庆, 邓磊, 张建国, 何秋月, 时伟宇. 甘肃省森林碳储量现状与固碳速率. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(4): 304-317. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0017
Jin-Hong GUAN, Sheng DU, Ji-Min CHENG, Chun-Rong WU, Guo-Qing LI, Lei DENG, Jian-Guo ZHANG, Qiu-Yue HE, Wei-Yu SHI. Current stocks and rate of sequestration of forest carbon in Gansu Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(4): 304-317. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0017
森林类型 Forest type | 森林起源 Forest origin | 林龄组 Forest age group | 样地数量 Number of plots | 样地分布区 Plot location | 主要土壤类型 Main soil types | 土壤取样 Soil sampling | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
取样深度Sampling Depth (cm) | 样地数量 Number of plots | ||||||
冷杉 Abies fabri | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中、成、过 YF, MAF, MF and OMF | 13 | 甘南 Gannan | 山地棕壤、山地褐土、山地灰褐土 Mountainous brown earths, mountainous cinnamon soils, and mountainous grey cinnamon soils | 0-50 | 3 |
0-100 | 10 | ||||||
人工林 Plantation | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
云杉 Picea asperata | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中、近、成、过 YF, MAF, PMF, MF and OMF | 32 | 甘南、定西、张掖、兰州、武威 Gannan, Dingxi, Zhangye, Lanzhou, and Wuwei | 山地棕壤、山地褐土、山地灰褐土 Mountainous brown earths, moutainous cinnamon soils, and mountainous grey cinnamon soils | 0-30 | 1 |
0-100 | 31 | ||||||
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 16 | 甘南、定西 Gannan and Dingxi | 山地棕壤、山地褐土、黄绵土 Mountainous brown earths, moutainous cinnamon soils, and cultivated loess | 0-30 | 2 | |
0-100 | 14 | ||||||
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | 天然林 Natural forest | 中、成 MAF and MF | 4 | 陇南、庆阳 Longnan and Qingyang | 山地褐土、黄绵土Mountainous cinnamon soils and cultivated loess | 0-100 | 4 |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 20 | 临夏、陇南、庆阳、定西、兰州 Linxia, Longnan, Qing- yang, Dingxi, and Lanzhou | 山地灰褐土、黄绵土、山地棕壤 Mountainous grey cinnamon soils, cultivated loess, and mountainous brown earths | 0-100 | 20 | |
华山松 Pinus armandii | 天然林 Natural forest | 近 PMF | 1 | 天水 Tianshui | 山地褐土 Mountainous cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 1 |
人工林 Plantation | 近 PMF | 3 | 陇南、天水 Longnan and Tianshui | 山地棕壤、山地褐土 Mountainous brown earths and mountainous cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 3 | |
落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 天然林 Natural forest | - | - | - | - | - | - |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 12 | 甘南、陇南、天水、定西 Gannan, Longnan, Tianshui, and Dingxi | 山地棕壤、山地褐土 Mountainous brown earths and mountainous cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 12 | |
柏木 Cupressus funebris | 天然林 Natural forest | 中 MAF | 6 | 武威 Wuwei | 山地灰褐土 Mountainous grey cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 6 |
人工林 Plantation | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
栎类 Quercus spp. | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 22 | 陇南、天水、庆阳 Longnan, Tianshui, and Qingyang | 山地褐土、山地棕壤 Mountainous cinnamon soils and mountainous brown earths | 0-30 | 1 |
0-50 | 2 | ||||||
0-100 | 19 | ||||||
人工林 Plantation | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
杨树 Populus spp. | 天然林 Natural forest | 近、成 PMF and MF | 3 | 庆阳 Qingyang | 黄褐土 Yellow cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 3 |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、过 YF, MAF, PMF and OMF | 29 | 酒泉、金昌、张掖、武威、兰州、白银 Jiuquan, Jinchang, Zhang- ye, Wuwei, and Lanzhou | 灰褐土、灌淤土、草甸土 Grey cinnamon soils, irrigation sediments, and meadow soils | 0-50 | 2 | |
0-100 | 27 | ||||||
桦木 Betula spp. | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中 YF and MAF | 6 | 甘南、天水、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, and Qingyang | 山地褐土、黄绵土 Mountainous cinnamon soils and cultivated loess | 0-100 | 6 |
人工林 Plantation | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 天然林 Natural forest | - | - | - | - | - | - |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 15 | 平凉、庆阳、白银 Pingliang, Qingyang, and Baiyin | 黄绵土、灰褐土 Cultivated loess and grey cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 15 | |
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest | 天然林 Natural forest | - | - | - | - | - | - |
人工林 Plantation | 幼 YF | 2 | 张掖、兰州 Zhangye and Lanzhou | 灌淤土 Irrigation sediments | 0-100 | 2 | |
针叶混交林 Coniferous- mixed forest | 天然林 Natural forest | 中、成 MAF and MF | 2 | 天水 Tianshui | 黄棕壤 Yellow brown earths | 0-100 | 2 |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、成 YF and MF | 2 | 陇南、兰州 Longnan and Lanzhou | 山地褐土、灌淤土 Mountainous cinnamon soils and irrigation sediments | 0-50 | 2 | |
森林类型 Forest type | 森林起源 Forest origin | 林龄组 Forest age group | 样地数量 Number of plots | 样地分布区 Plot location | 主要土壤类型 Main soil types | 土壤取样 Soil sampling | |
取样深度Sampling Depth (cm) | 样地数量 Number of plots | ||||||
针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中、近 YF, MAF and PMF | 23 | 甘南、天水、陇南、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, Longnan, and Qingyang | 山地褐土、黄褐土、黄棕壤 Mountainous cinnamon soils, yellow cinnamon soils, and yellow brown earths | 0-30 | 1 |
0-100 | 22 | ||||||
人工林 Plantation | 中 MAF | 1 | 天水 Tianshui | 山地褐土 Mountainous cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 1 | |
合计 Total | 天然林 Natural forest | 112 | |||||
人工林 Plantation | 100 |
表1 甘肃省样地信息表
Table 1 General information of survey plots in Gansu Province
森林类型 Forest type | 森林起源 Forest origin | 林龄组 Forest age group | 样地数量 Number of plots | 样地分布区 Plot location | 主要土壤类型 Main soil types | 土壤取样 Soil sampling | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
取样深度Sampling Depth (cm) | 样地数量 Number of plots | ||||||
冷杉 Abies fabri | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中、成、过 YF, MAF, MF and OMF | 13 | 甘南 Gannan | 山地棕壤、山地褐土、山地灰褐土 Mountainous brown earths, mountainous cinnamon soils, and mountainous grey cinnamon soils | 0-50 | 3 |
0-100 | 10 | ||||||
人工林 Plantation | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
云杉 Picea asperata | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中、近、成、过 YF, MAF, PMF, MF and OMF | 32 | 甘南、定西、张掖、兰州、武威 Gannan, Dingxi, Zhangye, Lanzhou, and Wuwei | 山地棕壤、山地褐土、山地灰褐土 Mountainous brown earths, moutainous cinnamon soils, and mountainous grey cinnamon soils | 0-30 | 1 |
0-100 | 31 | ||||||
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 16 | 甘南、定西 Gannan and Dingxi | 山地棕壤、山地褐土、黄绵土 Mountainous brown earths, moutainous cinnamon soils, and cultivated loess | 0-30 | 2 | |
0-100 | 14 | ||||||
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | 天然林 Natural forest | 中、成 MAF and MF | 4 | 陇南、庆阳 Longnan and Qingyang | 山地褐土、黄绵土Mountainous cinnamon soils and cultivated loess | 0-100 | 4 |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 20 | 临夏、陇南、庆阳、定西、兰州 Linxia, Longnan, Qing- yang, Dingxi, and Lanzhou | 山地灰褐土、黄绵土、山地棕壤 Mountainous grey cinnamon soils, cultivated loess, and mountainous brown earths | 0-100 | 20 | |
华山松 Pinus armandii | 天然林 Natural forest | 近 PMF | 1 | 天水 Tianshui | 山地褐土 Mountainous cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 1 |
人工林 Plantation | 近 PMF | 3 | 陇南、天水 Longnan and Tianshui | 山地棕壤、山地褐土 Mountainous brown earths and mountainous cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 3 | |
落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 天然林 Natural forest | - | - | - | - | - | - |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 12 | 甘南、陇南、天水、定西 Gannan, Longnan, Tianshui, and Dingxi | 山地棕壤、山地褐土 Mountainous brown earths and mountainous cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 12 | |
柏木 Cupressus funebris | 天然林 Natural forest | 中 MAF | 6 | 武威 Wuwei | 山地灰褐土 Mountainous grey cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 6 |
人工林 Plantation | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
栎类 Quercus spp. | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 22 | 陇南、天水、庆阳 Longnan, Tianshui, and Qingyang | 山地褐土、山地棕壤 Mountainous cinnamon soils and mountainous brown earths | 0-30 | 1 |
0-50 | 2 | ||||||
0-100 | 19 | ||||||
人工林 Plantation | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
杨树 Populus spp. | 天然林 Natural forest | 近、成 PMF and MF | 3 | 庆阳 Qingyang | 黄褐土 Yellow cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 3 |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、过 YF, MAF, PMF and OMF | 29 | 酒泉、金昌、张掖、武威、兰州、白银 Jiuquan, Jinchang, Zhang- ye, Wuwei, and Lanzhou | 灰褐土、灌淤土、草甸土 Grey cinnamon soils, irrigation sediments, and meadow soils | 0-50 | 2 | |
0-100 | 27 | ||||||
桦木 Betula spp. | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中 YF and MAF | 6 | 甘南、天水、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, and Qingyang | 山地褐土、黄绵土 Mountainous cinnamon soils and cultivated loess | 0-100 | 6 |
人工林 Plantation | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 天然林 Natural forest | - | - | - | - | - | - |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、中、近、成 YF, MAF, PMF and MF | 15 | 平凉、庆阳、白银 Pingliang, Qingyang, and Baiyin | 黄绵土、灰褐土 Cultivated loess and grey cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 15 | |
阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved mixed forest | 天然林 Natural forest | - | - | - | - | - | - |
人工林 Plantation | 幼 YF | 2 | 张掖、兰州 Zhangye and Lanzhou | 灌淤土 Irrigation sediments | 0-100 | 2 | |
针叶混交林 Coniferous- mixed forest | 天然林 Natural forest | 中、成 MAF and MF | 2 | 天水 Tianshui | 黄棕壤 Yellow brown earths | 0-100 | 2 |
人工林 Plantation | 幼、成 YF and MF | 2 | 陇南、兰州 Longnan and Lanzhou | 山地褐土、灌淤土 Mountainous cinnamon soils and irrigation sediments | 0-50 | 2 | |
森林类型 Forest type | 森林起源 Forest origin | 林龄组 Forest age group | 样地数量 Number of plots | 样地分布区 Plot location | 主要土壤类型 Main soil types | 土壤取样 Soil sampling | |
取样深度Sampling Depth (cm) | 样地数量 Number of plots | ||||||
针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 天然林 Natural forest | 幼、中、近 YF, MAF and PMF | 23 | 甘南、天水、陇南、庆阳 Gannan, Tianshui, Longnan, and Qingyang | 山地褐土、黄褐土、黄棕壤 Mountainous cinnamon soils, yellow cinnamon soils, and yellow brown earths | 0-30 | 1 |
0-100 | 22 | ||||||
人工林 Plantation | 中 MAF | 1 | 天水 Tianshui | 山地褐土 Mountainous cinnamon soils | 0-100 | 1 | |
合计 Total | 天然林 Natural forest | 112 | |||||
人工林 Plantation | 100 |
森林类型 Forest type | 森林起源 Forest origin | 林龄组 Forest age group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
幼龄林 Young forest | 中龄林 Middle- aged forest | 近熟林 Pre-mature forest | 成熟林 Mature forest | 过熟林 Over-mature forest | ||
冷杉、柏木 Abies fabri and Cupressus funebris | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤60 | 61-100 | 101-120 | 121-160 | ≥161 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤40 | 41-60 | 61-80 | 81-120 | ≥121 | |
云杉 Picea asperata | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤40 | 41-80 | 81-100 | 101-140 | ≥141 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-60 | ≥61 | |
油松、华山松、落叶松 Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus armandii and Larix gmelinii | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤30 | 31-50 | 51-60 | 61-80 | ≥81 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-60 | ≥61 | |
杨、白桦、其他软阔类 Populus spp., Betula platyphylla and other soft broad-leaved species | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-60 | ≥61 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-30 | ≥31 | |
刺槐、红桦 Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula albosinensis | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤30 | 31-50 | 51-60 | 61-80 | ≥81 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-60 | ≥61 | |
栎类、其他硬阔类 Quercus spp. and other hard broad-leaved species | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤40 | 41-60 | 61-80 | 81-120 | ≥121 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤20 | 21-40 | 41-50 | 51-70 | ≥71 |
表2 甘肃省主要森林类型林龄组划分标准④(④ 甘肃省林业厅 (2012). 甘肃省林地落界实施细则.)
Table 2 Criteria of forest age group classification for major forest types in Gansu Province
森林类型 Forest type | 森林起源 Forest origin | 林龄组 Forest age group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
幼龄林 Young forest | 中龄林 Middle- aged forest | 近熟林 Pre-mature forest | 成熟林 Mature forest | 过熟林 Over-mature forest | ||
冷杉、柏木 Abies fabri and Cupressus funebris | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤60 | 61-100 | 101-120 | 121-160 | ≥161 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤40 | 41-60 | 61-80 | 81-120 | ≥121 | |
云杉 Picea asperata | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤40 | 41-80 | 81-100 | 101-140 | ≥141 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-60 | ≥61 | |
油松、华山松、落叶松 Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus armandii and Larix gmelinii | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤30 | 31-50 | 51-60 | 61-80 | ≥81 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-60 | ≥61 | |
杨、白桦、其他软阔类 Populus spp., Betula platyphylla and other soft broad-leaved species | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-60 | ≥61 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-30 | ≥31 | |
刺槐、红桦 Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula albosinensis | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤30 | 31-50 | 51-60 | 61-80 | ≥81 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-60 | ≥61 | |
栎类、其他硬阔类 Quercus spp. and other hard broad-leaved species | 天然林 Natural forest | ≤40 | 41-60 | 61-80 | 81-120 | ≥121 |
人工林 Plantation | ≤20 | 21-40 | 41-50 | 51-70 | ≥71 |
树种 Tree species | 干 Stem (kg·ind.-1) | 枝 Branch (kg·ind.-1) | 叶 Leaves (kg·ind.-1) | 根 Roots (kg·ind.-1) | 皮 Barks (kg·ind.-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. 云、冷杉 Picea asperata and Abies fabri | exp(-3.9744)(D2H)0.9434 | exp(-4.6350)(D2H)0.9257 | exp(-5.9391)(D2H)0.9257 | exp(-5.2791)(D2H)0.9457 | exp(-5.5587)(D2H)0.8930 |
2. 油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | exp(-3.8828)(D2H)0.9359 | exp(-6.3807)(D2H)1.1242 | exp(-5.3277)(D2H)0.8812 | exp(-4.7557)(D2H)0.9204 | exp(-5.1129)(D2H)0.8649 |
3. 锐齿栎 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata | exp(-4.0347)(D2H)0.9953 | exp(-8.4741)(D2H)1.3674 | exp(-8.4170)(D2H)1.0888 | exp(-3.3630)(D2H)0.7773 | exp(-4.5914)(D2H)0.8657 |
4. 柏木 Cupressus funebris | 0.0427(D2H)0.8545 | 0.0128(D2H)0.8916 | 0.0258(D2H)0.7037 | 0.0079(D2H)0.9385 | - |
5. 杨、桦 Populus spp. and Betula spp. | exp(-3.8023)(D2H)0.9631 | exp(-5.9070)(D2H)1.0903 | exp(-3.9108)(D2H)0.6104 | exp(-3.2756)(D2H)0.7692 | exp(-5.8330)(D2H)0.9682 |
6. 落叶松 Larix gmelinii | exp(-3.6844)(D2H)0.9303 | exp(-7.6840)(D2H)1.2554 | exp(-12.0638)(D2H)1.4968 | exp(-5.1872)(D2H)0.9709 | exp(-5.0754)(D2H)0.8708 |
7. 华山松 Pinus armandii | exp(-3.9041)(D2H)0.9630 | exp(-4.0957)(D2H)0.9186 | exp(-4.8359)(D2H)0.7936 | exp(-8.3710)(D2H)1.3456 | exp(-4.6176)(D2H)0.8060 |
8. 栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis | exp(-3.7447)(D2H)0.9679 | exp(-4.8449)(D2H)1.0013 | exp(-3.3569)(D2H)0.6050 | exp(-2.9066)(D2H)0.8144 | exp(-3.2565)(D2H)0.7156 |
9. 辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 0.0493(D2H))0.8514 | 0.0026(D2H)1.1887 | 0.0119(D2H)0.835 | 0.1009(D2H)0.6879 | - |
10. 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 0.0302(D2H)0.9474 | 0.004(D2H)1.0868 | 0.006(D2H)0.8403 | 0.0119(D2H)0.9501 | - |
11. 其他硬阔类 Other hard broad-leaved species | exp(-3.8852)(D2H)0.9803 | exp(-5.6360)(D2H)1.0851 | exp(-4.5320)(D2H)0.7377 | exp(-3.1575)(D2H)0.7758 | exp(-4.4480)(D2H)0.7713 |
12. 其他软阔类 Other soft broad-leaved species | 0.021(D2H)0.9642 | 0.0011(D2H)1.1909 | 0.0022(D2H)0.8595 | 0.053(D2H)0.7452 | - |
表3 甘肃省主要优势树种及主要伴生树种生物量方程
Table 3 Biomass equation of dominant and associate tree species in Gansu Province
树种 Tree species | 干 Stem (kg·ind.-1) | 枝 Branch (kg·ind.-1) | 叶 Leaves (kg·ind.-1) | 根 Roots (kg·ind.-1) | 皮 Barks (kg·ind.-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. 云、冷杉 Picea asperata and Abies fabri | exp(-3.9744)(D2H)0.9434 | exp(-4.6350)(D2H)0.9257 | exp(-5.9391)(D2H)0.9257 | exp(-5.2791)(D2H)0.9457 | exp(-5.5587)(D2H)0.8930 |
2. 油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | exp(-3.8828)(D2H)0.9359 | exp(-6.3807)(D2H)1.1242 | exp(-5.3277)(D2H)0.8812 | exp(-4.7557)(D2H)0.9204 | exp(-5.1129)(D2H)0.8649 |
3. 锐齿栎 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata | exp(-4.0347)(D2H)0.9953 | exp(-8.4741)(D2H)1.3674 | exp(-8.4170)(D2H)1.0888 | exp(-3.3630)(D2H)0.7773 | exp(-4.5914)(D2H)0.8657 |
4. 柏木 Cupressus funebris | 0.0427(D2H)0.8545 | 0.0128(D2H)0.8916 | 0.0258(D2H)0.7037 | 0.0079(D2H)0.9385 | - |
5. 杨、桦 Populus spp. and Betula spp. | exp(-3.8023)(D2H)0.9631 | exp(-5.9070)(D2H)1.0903 | exp(-3.9108)(D2H)0.6104 | exp(-3.2756)(D2H)0.7692 | exp(-5.8330)(D2H)0.9682 |
6. 落叶松 Larix gmelinii | exp(-3.6844)(D2H)0.9303 | exp(-7.6840)(D2H)1.2554 | exp(-12.0638)(D2H)1.4968 | exp(-5.1872)(D2H)0.9709 | exp(-5.0754)(D2H)0.8708 |
7. 华山松 Pinus armandii | exp(-3.9041)(D2H)0.9630 | exp(-4.0957)(D2H)0.9186 | exp(-4.8359)(D2H)0.7936 | exp(-8.3710)(D2H)1.3456 | exp(-4.6176)(D2H)0.8060 |
8. 栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis | exp(-3.7447)(D2H)0.9679 | exp(-4.8449)(D2H)1.0013 | exp(-3.3569)(D2H)0.6050 | exp(-2.9066)(D2H)0.8144 | exp(-3.2565)(D2H)0.7156 |
9. 辽东栎 Quercus wutaishanica | 0.0493(D2H))0.8514 | 0.0026(D2H)1.1887 | 0.0119(D2H)0.835 | 0.1009(D2H)0.6879 | - |
10. 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 0.0302(D2H)0.9474 | 0.004(D2H)1.0868 | 0.006(D2H)0.8403 | 0.0119(D2H)0.9501 | - |
11. 其他硬阔类 Other hard broad-leaved species | exp(-3.8852)(D2H)0.9803 | exp(-5.6360)(D2H)1.0851 | exp(-4.5320)(D2H)0.7377 | exp(-3.1575)(D2H)0.7758 | exp(-4.4480)(D2H)0.7713 |
12. 其他软阔类 Other soft broad-leaved species | 0.021(D2H)0.9642 | 0.0011(D2H)1.1909 | 0.0022(D2H)0.8595 | 0.053(D2H)0.7452 | - |
森林类型 Forest type | 碳密度 Carbon density (Mg C·hm-2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木层 Tree layer | 灌木层 Shrub layer | 草本层 Herb layer | 枯落物层 Litter layer | 土壤层 Soil layer | |
冷杉 Abies fabri | 179.92 | 1.38 | 0.36 | 1.47 | 383.18 |
云杉 Picea asperata | 107.06 | 1.26 | 0.85 | 1.96 | 369.90 |
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis | 125.71 | 0.99 | 0.44 | 2.93 | 391.91 |
落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 102.61 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 2.75 | 296.44 |
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | 75.93 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 6.92 | 179.99 |
华山松 Pinus armandii | 71.33 | 0.39 | 0.78 | 2.17 | 215.78 |
其他松类 Other pines | 83.23 | 0.49 | 0.57 | 8.35 | 216.50 |
柏木 Cupressus funebris | 64.15 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 1.54 | 362.56 |
栎类 Quercus spp. | 88.85 | 1.34 | 0.41 | 1.79 | 152.00 |
桦木 Betula spp. | 63.85 | 0.75 | 0.40 | 2.75 | 160.11 |
杨树 Populus spp. | 36.03 | 0.49 | 0.73 | 2.39 | 118.20 |
其他硬阔类 Other hardwood broad-leaved species | 84.31 | 1.20 | 0.40 | 1.98 | 144.56 |
其他软阔类 Other softwood broad-leaved species | 44.42 | 0.34 | 0.52 | 2.64 | 125.38 |
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest | 106.54 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 3.79 | 293.39 |
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaved forest | 71.09 | 1.01 | 0.47 | 2.34 | 155.40 |
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest | 58.23 | 0.54 | 0.40 | 3.80 | 159.94 |
加权平均 Weighted average | 86.75 | 1.02 | 0.50 | 2.25 | 207.28 |
表4 甘肃省天然林森林生态系统不同组分碳密度
Table 4 Carbon density in different components of natural forest ecosystems in Gansu Province
森林类型 Forest type | 碳密度 Carbon density (Mg C·hm-2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木层 Tree layer | 灌木层 Shrub layer | 草本层 Herb layer | 枯落物层 Litter layer | 土壤层 Soil layer | |
冷杉 Abies fabri | 179.92 | 1.38 | 0.36 | 1.47 | 383.18 |
云杉 Picea asperata | 107.06 | 1.26 | 0.85 | 1.96 | 369.90 |
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis | 125.71 | 0.99 | 0.44 | 2.93 | 391.91 |
落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 102.61 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 2.75 | 296.44 |
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | 75.93 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 6.92 | 179.99 |
华山松 Pinus armandii | 71.33 | 0.39 | 0.78 | 2.17 | 215.78 |
其他松类 Other pines | 83.23 | 0.49 | 0.57 | 8.35 | 216.50 |
柏木 Cupressus funebris | 64.15 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 1.54 | 362.56 |
栎类 Quercus spp. | 88.85 | 1.34 | 0.41 | 1.79 | 152.00 |
桦木 Betula spp. | 63.85 | 0.75 | 0.40 | 2.75 | 160.11 |
杨树 Populus spp. | 36.03 | 0.49 | 0.73 | 2.39 | 118.20 |
其他硬阔类 Other hardwood broad-leaved species | 84.31 | 1.20 | 0.40 | 1.98 | 144.56 |
其他软阔类 Other softwood broad-leaved species | 44.42 | 0.34 | 0.52 | 2.64 | 125.38 |
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest | 106.54 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 3.79 | 293.39 |
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaved forest | 71.09 | 1.01 | 0.47 | 2.34 | 155.40 |
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest | 58.23 | 0.54 | 0.40 | 3.80 | 159.94 |
加权平均 Weighted average | 86.75 | 1.02 | 0.50 | 2.25 | 207.28 |
森林类型 Forest type | 碳密度 Carbon density (Mg C·hm-2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木层 Tree layer | 灌木层 Shrub layer | 草本层 Herb layer | 枯落物层 Litter layer | 土壤层 Soil layer | |
冷杉 Abies fabri | 25.79 | 0.77 | 0.53 | 1.39 | 272.30 |
云杉 Picea asperata | 28.52 | 1.26 | 0.53 | 0.78 | 338.34 |
落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 33.13 | 0.69 | 0.52 | 1.54 | 218.36 |
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | 44.93 | 0.45 | 0.29 | 2.69 | 141.24 |
华山松 Pinus armandii | 57.79 | 1.17 | 0.48 | 2.53 | 174.25 |
其他松类 Other pines | 36.82 | 0.79 | 0.41 | 2.14 | 179.19 |
柏木 Cupressus funebris | 22.38 | 0.77 | 0.62 | 0.90 | 232.82 |
栎类 Quercus spp. | 48.35 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 2.23 | 53.90 |
桦木 Betula spp. | 30.08 | 0.01 | 1.08 | 0.88 | 69.63 |
杨树 Populus spp. | 59.44 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.81 | 90.25 |
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 15.48 | 0.02 | 1.14 | 1.36 | 52.39 |
其他硬阔类 Other hardwood broad-leaved species | 27.59 | 0.01 | 0.85 | 1.19 | 72.02 |
其他软阔类 Other softwood broad-leaved species | 45.76 | 0.01 | 0.58 | 2.60 | 100.66 |
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest | 36.37 | 0.16 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 51.12 |
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaved forest | 27.18 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 1.07 | 34.28 |
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest | 70.10 | 1.14 | 0.15 | 2.39 | 328.21 |
加权平均 Weighted average | 31.39 | 0.22 | 0.81 | 1.37 | 107.07 |
表5 甘肃省人工林森林生态系统不同组分碳密度
Table 5 Carbon density in different components of plantations in Gansu Province
森林类型 Forest type | 碳密度 Carbon density (Mg C·hm-2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
乔木层 Tree layer | 灌木层 Shrub layer | 草本层 Herb layer | 枯落物层 Litter layer | 土壤层 Soil layer | |
冷杉 Abies fabri | 25.79 | 0.77 | 0.53 | 1.39 | 272.30 |
云杉 Picea asperata | 28.52 | 1.26 | 0.53 | 0.78 | 338.34 |
落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 33.13 | 0.69 | 0.52 | 1.54 | 218.36 |
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | 44.93 | 0.45 | 0.29 | 2.69 | 141.24 |
华山松 Pinus armandii | 57.79 | 1.17 | 0.48 | 2.53 | 174.25 |
其他松类 Other pines | 36.82 | 0.79 | 0.41 | 2.14 | 179.19 |
柏木 Cupressus funebris | 22.38 | 0.77 | 0.62 | 0.90 | 232.82 |
栎类 Quercus spp. | 48.35 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 2.23 | 53.90 |
桦木 Betula spp. | 30.08 | 0.01 | 1.08 | 0.88 | 69.63 |
杨树 Populus spp. | 59.44 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.81 | 90.25 |
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 15.48 | 0.02 | 1.14 | 1.36 | 52.39 |
其他硬阔类 Other hardwood broad-leaved species | 27.59 | 0.01 | 0.85 | 1.19 | 72.02 |
其他软阔类 Other softwood broad-leaved species | 45.76 | 0.01 | 0.58 | 2.60 | 100.66 |
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest | 36.37 | 0.16 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 51.12 |
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaved forest | 27.18 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 1.07 | 34.28 |
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest | 70.10 | 1.14 | 0.15 | 2.39 | 328.21 |
加权平均 Weighted average | 31.39 | 0.22 | 0.81 | 1.37 | 107.07 |
图1 甘肃省天然林、人工林不同龄组植被碳密度(A)和土壤有机碳密度(B)。
Fig. 1 Vegetation carbon density (A) and soil organic carbon density (B) of different age groups in natural forests and plantations in Gansu Province. YF, MAF, PMF, MF and OMF refer to young forest, middle-aged forest, pre-mature forest, mature forest and over-mature forest, respectively.
森林类型 Forest type | 天然林碳储量 Natural forest carbon stock (Tg C) | 人工林碳储量 Planted forest carbon stock (Tg C) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积 Area (100 hm2) | 植被层 Vegetation layer | 土壤层 Soil layer | 面积 Area (100 hm2) | 植被层 Vegetation layer | 土壤层 Soil layer | ||
冷杉 Abies fabri | 1 574 | 28.83 | 60.31 | 12 | 0.03 | 0.33 | |
云杉 Picea asperata | 1 929 | 21.44 | 71.35 | 485 | 1.51 | 16.41 | |
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis | 12 | 0.16 | 0.47 | - | - | - | |
落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 27 | 0.29 | 0.80 | 577 | 2.07 | 12.60 | |
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | 292 | 2.45 | 5.26 | 475 | 2.30 | 6.71 | |
华山松 Pinus armandii | 544 | 4.06 | 11.74 | 156 | 0.97 | 2.72 | |
其他松类 Other pines | 9 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 9 | 0.04 | 0.16 | |
柏木 Cupressus funebris | 506 | 3.38 | 18.35 | 18 | 0.04 | 0.42 | |
栎类 Quercus spp. | 3 307 | 30.55 | 50.27 | 9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
桦木 Betula spp. | 1 813 | 12.28 | 29.03 | 6 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
杨树 Populus spp. | 551 | 2.18 | 6.51 | 1 260 | 7.66 | 11.37 | |
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | - | - | - | 3 189 | 5.74 | 16.71 | |
其他硬阔类 Other hardwood broad-leaved species | 1 650 | 14.50 | 23.85 | 1 091 | 3.23 | 7.86 | |
其他软阔类 Other softwood broad-leaved species | 631 | 3.02 | 7.91 | 164 | 0.80 | 1.65 | |
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest | 42 | 0.47 | 1.23 | 39 | 0.15 | 0.20 | |
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaved forest | 3 215 | 24.08 | 49.96 | 193 | 0.56 | 0.66 | |
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest | 736 | 4.63 | 11.77 | 198 | 1.46 | 6.50 | |
合计 Total | 16 838 | 152.41 | 349.01 | 7 881 | 26.63 | 84.38 |
表6 甘肃省森林生态系统碳储量
Table 6 Forest ecosystem carbon stocks in Gansu Province
森林类型 Forest type | 天然林碳储量 Natural forest carbon stock (Tg C) | 人工林碳储量 Planted forest carbon stock (Tg C) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积 Area (100 hm2) | 植被层 Vegetation layer | 土壤层 Soil layer | 面积 Area (100 hm2) | 植被层 Vegetation layer | 土壤层 Soil layer | ||
冷杉 Abies fabri | 1 574 | 28.83 | 60.31 | 12 | 0.03 | 0.33 | |
云杉 Picea asperata | 1 929 | 21.44 | 71.35 | 485 | 1.51 | 16.41 | |
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis | 12 | 0.16 | 0.47 | - | - | - | |
落叶松 Larix gmelinii | 27 | 0.29 | 0.80 | 577 | 2.07 | 12.60 | |
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis | 292 | 2.45 | 5.26 | 475 | 2.30 | 6.71 | |
华山松 Pinus armandii | 544 | 4.06 | 11.74 | 156 | 0.97 | 2.72 | |
其他松类 Other pines | 9 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 9 | 0.04 | 0.16 | |
柏木 Cupressus funebris | 506 | 3.38 | 18.35 | 18 | 0.04 | 0.42 | |
栎类 Quercus spp. | 3 307 | 30.55 | 50.27 | 9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
桦木 Betula spp. | 1 813 | 12.28 | 29.03 | 6 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
杨树 Populus spp. | 551 | 2.18 | 6.51 | 1 260 | 7.66 | 11.37 | |
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | - | - | - | 3 189 | 5.74 | 16.71 | |
其他硬阔类 Other hardwood broad-leaved species | 1 650 | 14.50 | 23.85 | 1 091 | 3.23 | 7.86 | |
其他软阔类 Other softwood broad-leaved species | 631 | 3.02 | 7.91 | 164 | 0.80 | 1.65 | |
针叶混交林 Mixed coniferous forest | 42 | 0.47 | 1.23 | 39 | 0.15 | 0.20 | |
阔叶混交林 Mixed broad-leaved forest | 3 215 | 24.08 | 49.96 | 193 | 0.56 | 0.66 | |
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest | 736 | 4.63 | 11.77 | 198 | 1.46 | 6.50 | |
合计 Total | 16 838 | 152.41 | 349.01 | 7 881 | 26.63 | 84.38 |
图2 甘肃省天然林(A)、人工林(B)不同龄组植被层碳储量随时间的变化。
Fig. 2 Changes in vegetation carbon stocks for different age groups in natural forests (A) and plantations (B) with time of the national forest inventory in Gansu Province. YF, MAF, PMF, MF and OMF refer to young forest, middle-aged forest, pre-mature forest, mature forest and over-mature forest, respectively.
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