米槠和杉木人工林土壤呼吸及其组分分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区分森林土壤呼吸组分是了解生态系统碳循环的重要环节。该文以福建省三明市格氏栲自然保护区米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)人工林和邻近的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林为研究对象, 于2012年8月至2013年7月, 采用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量系统, 通过挖壕沟方法, 测定了土壤呼吸及异养呼吸的速率, 同时测定了5 cm深处的土壤温度和0-12 cm深处的土壤含水量。利用指数模型和双因素模型, 分析土壤呼吸及其组分与土壤温度和土壤含水量的关系, 同时计算了土壤呼吸各组分在土壤呼吸中所占的比例, 并分析了不同森林类型对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响。结果表明: 米槠人工林和杉木人工林土壤呼吸及其组分的季节变化显著, 均呈单峰型曲线, 与5 cm深处的土壤温度呈极显著正相关关系。土壤温度可以分别解释米槠人工林土壤呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸变化的70.3%、73.4%和58.2%, 可以解释杉木人工林土壤呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸变化的77.9%、65.7%和79.2%。土壤呼吸及其组分与土壤含水量没有相关关系。米槠和杉木人工林自养呼吸的年通量分别为4.00和2.18 t C·hm^-2·a^-1, 占土壤呼吸年通量的32.5%和24.1%; 异养呼吸年通量分别为8.32和6.88 t C·hm^-2·a^-1, 分别占土壤呼吸年通量的67.5%和75.9%, 米槠人工林土壤呼吸及其组分的年通量都大于杉木人工林。

方法 Method

关键词: 自养呼吸, 森林类型, 异养呼吸, 土壤温度, 壕沟法

Abstract:

Aims Partitioning the soil respiration is an important step in understanding ecosystem-level carbon cycling. In addition, the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of soil respiration may respond differently to climate change. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of soil temperature and water content on soil respiration and its components in Castanopsis carlesii and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations, to determine the relative contributions of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration to soil respiration, and to explore how different forest types would affect soil respiration and its components.
Methods The study site is located in the Nature Reserve of Castanopsis kawakamii, Fujian Province, eastern China. By using a field setup through trenching method and LI-8100 open soil carbon flux system, the dynamics of soil respiration were measured from August 2012 through July 2013. Soil temperature at 5 cm depth and water content of the 0-12 cm soil layer were measured concurrently with the measurements of soil respiration. Relationships of soil respiration with soil temperature and water content were determined by fitting both an exponential model and a two-factor model.
Important findings Soil respiration and its components showed significant correlations with soil temperature. There were significant monthly changes, in the form of a single-peaked curve, in soil respiration and its components in the two forest types. Soil temperature explained 70.3%, 73.4%, and 58.2% of the monthly variations in soil respiration, autotrophic respiration, and heterotrophic respiration, respectively, in the Castanopsis carlesii plantation; whilst it explained 77.9%, 65.7%, and 79.2% of the monthly variations in the three variables in the Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. There was no significant relationship between soil respiration and soil water content in both forest types. The annual estimates of CO₂ efflux through autotrophic respiration in the two types forests were 4.00 and 2.18 t C·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively, accounting for 32.5% and 24.1% of soil respiration. The annual estimates of CO₂ efflux through heterotrophic respiration were 8.32 and 6.88 t C·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively, accounting for 67.5% and 75.9% of soil respiration. The annual estimates of CO₂ efflux through soil respiration and partitioning of the components were all higher in the Castanopsis carlesii plantation than in theCunninghamia lanceolata plantation.

Key words: autotrophic respiration, forest type, heterotrophic respiration, soil temperature, trenching method

吴君君, 杨智杰, 刘小飞, 熊德成, 林伟盛, 陈朝琪, 王小红. 米槠和杉木人工林土壤呼吸及其组分分析. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(1): 45-53. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00005

WU Jun-Jun, YANG Zhi-Jie, LIU Xiao-Fei, XIONG De-Cheng, LIN Wei-Sheng, CHEN Chao-Qi, WANG Xiao-Hong. Analysis of soil respiration and components in Castanopsis carlesiiand Cunninghamia lanceolataplantations. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(1): 45-53. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00005

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I1/45

图/表 6

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试验地 Study site	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	pH	年凋落物量 Annual litter-fall biomass (t·hm^-2)
米槠人工林 Castanopsis carlesii plantation	0-10	29.84	1.97	0.48	1.12	4.40	5.91
米槠人工林 Castanopsis carlesii plantation	10-20	17.90	1.36	0.52	1.24	4.10	5.91
杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	0-10	22.91	1.51	0.36	1.20	4.87	3.40
杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	10-20	14.47	1.01	0.31	1.35	4.64	3.40

试验地 Study site	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	pH	年凋落物量 Annual litter-fall biomass (t·hm^-2)
米槠人工林 Castanopsis carlesii plantation	0-10	29.84	1.97	0.48	1.12	4.40	5.91
米槠人工林 Castanopsis carlesii plantation	10-20	17.90	1.36	0.52	1.24	4.10	5.91
杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	0-10	22.91	1.51	0.36	1.20	4.87	3.40
杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	10-20	14.47	1.01	0.31	1.35	4.64	3.40

		米槠人工林 Castanopsis carlesii plantation				杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation
E_RA	E_RH		E_RS		E_RA	E_RH	E_RS
年通量 Annual CO₂ efflux (t C·hm^-2·a^-1)		4.00 ± 0.77		8.32 ± 0.52	12.30 ± 0.80	2.18 ± 0.88		6.88 ± 1.23	9.06 ± 0.82
E_RA和E_RH在E_RS中的比例(%) The proportion of E_RH and E_RAto E_RS (%)		32.5		67.5	100.0	24.1		75.9	100.0
Q₁₀		3.74		1.92	2.41	3.00		1.82	2.12

		米槠人工林 Castanopsis carlesii plantation				杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation
E_RA	E_RH		E_RS		E_RA	E_RH	E_RS
年通量 Annual CO₂ efflux (t C·hm^-2·a^-1)		4.00 ± 0.77		8.32 ± 0.52	12.30 ± 0.80	2.18 ± 0.88		6.88 ± 1.23	9.06 ± 0.82
E_RA和E_RH在E_RS中的比例(%) The proportion of E_RH and E_RAto E_RS (%)		32.5		67.5	100.0	24.1		75.9	100.0
Q₁₀		3.74		1.92	2.41	3.00		1.82	2.12

	R_S= ae^bT	R_S= aW + b	R_S= ae^bTW^c
	a	b	R²		a	b	R²		a	b	c	R²
米槠人工林 Castanopsis carlesii plantation	R_A	0.047	0.154	0.734^**	1.693	-0.027	0.025	0.021	0.186	0.055	0.701^**
	R_H	0.616	0.065	0.582^**	1.184	0.055	0.149	0.160	0.087	0.312	0.677^**
	R_S	0.573	0.088	0.703^**	3.774	-0.014	0.002	0.181	0.119	0.197	0.727^**
杉木人工林 Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	R_A	0.094	0.110	0.657^**	0.653	0.015	0.044	0.069	0.094	0.256	0.652^**
	R_H	0.528	0.060	0.792^**	1.738	-0.001	0.000	0.278	0.066	0.127	0.720^**
	R_S	0.593	0.075	0.779^**	2.103	0.029	0.038	0.323	0.079	0.194	0.785^**