三江源区不同退化程度高寒草原土壤呼吸特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00018

植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 209-218.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00018

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：植物-土壤-微生物；土壤呼吸

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

三江源区不同退化程度高寒草原土壤呼吸特征

温军¹^,²^,^*(), 周华坤²^,^**(), 姚步青², 李以康², 赵新全², 陈哲²^,³, 连利叶¹, 郭凯先¹

¹青海省水利水电科学研究所, 西宁 810001
²中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2013-01-11 接受日期:2013-05-24 出版日期:2014-01-11 发布日期:2014-02-12
通讯作者: 周华坤
作者简介:* (E-mail: 729492987@qq.com)
* E-mail: syxr369@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421102);国家自然科学基金(41030105);国家自然科学基金(31172247);国家自然科学青年基金(31201836);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA050-70202);国家科技支撑课题专题(2011BAC09-B06-02)

Characteristics of soil respiration in different degraded alpine grassland in the source region of Three-River

WEN Jun¹^,²^,^*(), ZHOU Hua-Kun²^,^**(), YAO Bu-Qing², LI Yi-Kang², ZHAO Xin-Quan², CHEN Zhe²^,³, LIAN Li-Ye¹, GUO Kai-Xian¹

¹Qinghai Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xining 810001, China
²Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2013-01-11 Accepted:2013-05-24 Online:2014-01-11 Published:2014-02-12
Contact: ZHOU Hua-Kun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究高寒草原退化对土壤呼吸的影响, 对三江源区不同退化程度的高寒草原土壤呼吸进行了测定, 分析了土壤呼吸与生物量、土壤温度以及土壤湿度的相关性, 结果表明: 1)不同退化程度的高寒草原土壤呼吸均表现出一定的月动态, 这种月动态在不同退化程度间各有不同。2)高寒草原在退化演替序列上生长季平均土壤呼吸速率呈先增加后降低的变化趋势, 其中在中度退化程度下达到最高值((2.46 ± 0.27) μmol·m^-2·s^-1), 显著高于未退化((1.92 ± 0.11) μmol·m^-2·s^-1)和重度退化((1.30 ± 0.16) μmol·m^-2·s^-1)水平(p < 0.01), 与轻度退化((2.22 ± 0.19) μmol·m^-2·s^-1)无显著差异(p > 0.05), 重度退化程度下呼吸速率显著低于其他退化水平(p < 0.01)。3)地上生物量和土壤呼吸存在极显著线性正相关关系(p = 0.004), 而地下生物量与土壤呼吸的相关性不很显著(p = 0.056)。4)除重度退化外, 未退化、轻度退化和中度退化高寒草原土壤呼吸与土壤温度显著正相关; 土壤呼吸与土壤湿度的二项式拟合方程在轻度退化程度下达到显著水平(p < 0.05), 而在未退化、中度退化和重度退化程度下均达到极显著水平(p < 0.01)。

关键词: 高寒草原, 草地退化, 土壤湿度, 土壤呼吸, 三江源区, 温度

Abstract:

Aims Soil respiration is a major way that CO₂ is emitted into the atmosphere, and it is important in global change research. Our objective was to examine the effects of degradation on carbon flux in alpine grassland.
Methods We measured soil respiration rates in alpine grassland under four degrees of degradation (no, light, moderate, and heavy degradation) using a LI-8100A open-circuit soil carbon flux measuring system. We analyzed the relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature, as well as between soil respiration and soil moisture.
Important findings Soil respiration under each level of degradation showed a monthly dynamic, but it varied by degree of degradation. With an increase of degradation, average soil respiration of the growing season first increased and then decreased. The highest soil respiration occurred under the moderate level ((2.46 ± 0.27) μmol·m^-2·s^-1), which was significantly higher than under no degradation ((1.92 ± 0.11) μmol·m^-2·s^-1) and heavy degradation ((1.30 ± 0.16) μmol·m^-2·s^-1) (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the moderate degradation and the light degradation (p > 0.05). The respiration under heavy degradation was significantly lower than under the other degradation levels (p < 0.01). There was a significant positive linear correlation between aboveground biomass and soil respiration (p = 0.004), but not between soil respiration and underground biomass (p = 0.056). There was a significant positive correlation between soil respiration and soil temperature at each level except heavy degradation. There were correlations between soil respiration and soil moisture (binomial fitting) with no degradation as well as moderate and heavy degradation (p < 0.05), and it was significantly correlated with light degradation (p < 0.01).

Key words: alpine grassland, grassland degradation, soil moisture, soil respiration, source region of Three-River, temperature

温军, 周华坤, 姚步青, 李以康, 赵新全, 陈哲, 连利叶, 郭凯先. 三江源区不同退化程度高寒草原土壤呼吸特征. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2): 209-218. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00018

WEN Jun, ZHOU Hua-Kun, YAO Bu-Qing, LI Yi-Kang, ZHAO Xin-Quan, CHEN Zhe, LIAN Li-Ye, GUO Kai-Xian. Characteristics of soil respiration in different degraded alpine grassland in the source region of Three-River. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(2): 209-218. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00018

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I2/209

图/表 9

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退化程度 Degradation degree	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	植被 Vegetation
未退化 No degradation	34°52′ N, 98°15 E	4 217	典型紫花针茅草原 Typical Stipa purpuea steppe
轻度退化 Light degradation	34°50′ N, 98°19′ E	4 227	紫花针茅草原 Stipa purpurea steppe
中度退化 Moderate degradation	34°51′ N, 98°17′ E	4 225	杂类草草原 Forbs steppe
重度退化 Heavy degradation	34°50′ N, 98°19′ E	3 953	沙化草原 Desertified grassland

退化程度 Degradation degree	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	植被 Vegetation
未退化 No degradation	34°52′ N, 98°15 E	4 217	典型紫花针茅草原 Typical Stipa purpuea steppe
轻度退化 Light degradation	34°50′ N, 98°19′ E	4 227	紫花针茅草原 Stipa purpurea steppe
中度退化 Moderate degradation	34°51′ N, 98°17′ E	4 225	杂类草草原 Forbs steppe
重度退化 Heavy degradation	34°50′ N, 98°19′ E	3 953	沙化草原 Desertified grassland

退化程度Degradation degree	物种数Number of species	香农威纳指数Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou指数Pielou index	盖度 Coverage (%)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	地下生物量 Underground biomass (g·m^-2)	优势种 Dominant species
未退化 No degradation	5.0±0.11^a	0.77±0.02^a	0.48±0.01^b	70	86.10±6.40^a	1440.64±226.78^a	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea
轻度退化 Light degradation	8.8±0.80^b	1.45±0.24^b	0.67±0.09^a	55	92.49±11.04^a	992.91±71.26^b	紫花针茅、多裂委陵菜 Potentilla multifida、薹草 Carex tristachya
中度退化 Moderate degradation	8.4±0.51^b	1.24±0.05^b	0.59±0.03^a	62	118.01±9.71^b	902.28±134.54^b	薹草、披针叶黄华 Thermopsis lanceolata、细叶亚菊 Ajania tenuifolia
重度退化 Heavy degradation	4.6±0.87^a	0.96±0.20^a	0.66±0.11^a	<15	29.56±6.13^c	376.76±67.11^c	细叶亚菊、西伯利亚蓼Polygonum sibiricum

退化程度Degradation degree	物种数Number of species	香农威纳指数Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou指数Pielou index	盖度 Coverage (%)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	地下生物量 Underground biomass (g·m^-2)	优势种 Dominant species
未退化 No degradation	5.0±0.11^a	0.77±0.02^a	0.48±0.01^b	70	86.10±6.40^a	1440.64±226.78^a	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea
轻度退化 Light degradation	8.8±0.80^b	1.45±0.24^b	0.67±0.09^a	55	92.49±11.04^a	992.91±71.26^b	紫花针茅、多裂委陵菜 Potentilla multifida、薹草 Carex tristachya
中度退化 Moderate degradation	8.4±0.51^b	1.24±0.05^b	0.59±0.03^a	62	118.01±9.71^b	902.28±134.54^b	薹草、披针叶黄华 Thermopsis lanceolata、细叶亚菊 Ajania tenuifolia
重度退化 Heavy degradation	4.6±0.87^a	0.96±0.20^a	0.66±0.11^a	<15	29.56±6.13^c	376.76±67.11^c	细叶亚菊、西伯利亚蓼Polygonum sibiricum

退化程度 Degradation degree	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	p	Q₁₀
未退化 No degradation	SR = 0.998e^0.064^T	0.565	<0.01	1.90
轻度退化 Light degradation	SR = 1.3624e^0.0477^T	0.636	<0.01	1.61
中度退化 Moderate degradation	SR = 1.4236e^0.0494^T	0.256	<0.05	1.64
重度退化 Heavy degradation	SR = 1.2944e^-0.006^T	0.009	>0.05	-

三江源区不同退化程度高寒草原土壤呼吸特征

Characteristics of soil respiration in different degraded alpine grassland in the source region of Three-River

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退化程度 Degradation degree	拟合方程 Fitting equation	R²	p
未退化 No degradation	SR = -108.13M² + 53.678M - 4.2154	0.592	<0.01
轻度退化 Light degradation	SR = -59.815M² + 30.758M - 1.4415	0.197	<0.05
中度退化 Moderate degradation	SR = -197.75M² + 102.53M - 10.212	0.700	<0.01
重度退化 Heavy degradation	SR = -47.074M² + 5.8791M + 1.9995	0.658	<0.01

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